scholarly journals The role of the gut microbiota in the dietary niche expansion of fishing bats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ostaizka Aizpurua ◽  
Lasse Nyholm ◽  
Evie Morris ◽  
Gloriana Chaverri ◽  
L. Gerardo Herrera Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Due to its central role in animal nutrition, the gut microbiota is likely a relevant factor shaping dietary niche shifts. We analysed both the impact and contribution of the gut microbiota to the dietary niche expansion of the only four bat species that have incorporated fish into their primarily arthropodophage diet. Results We first compared the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiota of the four piscivorous bats to that of 11 strictly arthropodophagous species using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. Second, we increased the resolution of our analyses for one of the piscivorous bat species, namely Myotis capaccinii, and analysed multiple populations combining targeted approaches with shotgun sequencing. To better understand the origin of gut microorganisms, we also analysed the gut microbiota of their fish prey (Gambusia holbrooki). Our analyses showed that piscivorous bats carry a characteristic gut microbiota that differs from that of their strict arthropodophagous counterparts, in which the most relevant bacteria have been directly acquired from their fish prey. This characteristic microbiota exhibits enrichment of genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, as well as complex carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, likely providing their hosts with an enhanced capacity to metabolise the glycosphingolipids and long-chain fatty acids that are particularly abundant in fish. Conclusions Our results depict the gut microbiota as a relevant element in facilitating the dietary transition from arthropodophagy to piscivory.

scholarly journals The role of the gut microbiota in the dietary niche expansion of fishing bats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ostaizka Aizpurua ◽  
Lasse Nyholm ◽  
Evie Morris ◽  
Gloriana Chaverri ◽  
Luis Gerardo Herrera Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundDue to its central role in animal nutrition, the gut microbiota is likely a relevant factor shaping dietary niche shifts. We analysed both the impact and contribution of the gut microbiota to the dietary niche expansion of the only four bat species that have incorporated fish into their primarily arthropodophage diet.ResultsWe first compared the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiota of the four piscivorous bats to that of 11 strictly arthropodophagous species using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. Second, we increased the resolution of our analyses for one of the piscivorous bat species, namely Myotis capaccinii , and analysed multiple populations combining targeted approaches with shotgun sequencing. To better understand the origin of gut microorganisms, we also analysed the gut microbiota of their fish prey ( Gambusia holbrooki ). Our analyses showed that piscivorous bats carry a characteristic gut microbiota that differs from that of their strict arthropodophagous counterparts, in which the most relevant bacteria have been directly acquired from their fish prey. This characteristic microbiota exhibits enrichment of genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, as well as complex carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, likely providing their hosts with an enhanced capacity to metabolise the glycosphingolipids and long-chain fatty acids that are particularly abundant in fish.ConclusionsOur results depict the gut microbiota as a relevant element in facilitating the dietary transition from arthropodophagy to piscivory.

scholarly journals Impact of outdoor nature-related activities on gut microbiota, fecal serotonin, and perceived stress in preschool children: the Play&Grow randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Sobko ◽  
Suisha Liang ◽  
Will H. G. Cheng ◽  
Hein M. Tun
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Connectedness To Nature ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDue to rapid urbanization, children today have fewer opportunities to interact with nature and this may result in a greater risk for developing stress and depression. Outdoor nature-related activities can enhance general well-being. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully delineated. Here we recruited 54 preschool children to participate in a 10-week structured nature-related “Play&Grow” program. Following the intervention, children were assessed for connectedness to nature and perceived stress levels using validated questionnaires. Moreover, fecal serotonin level and gut microbiota profiles were measured by ELISA and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. Children were significantly more connected to nature after the intervention. Their gut microbiota altered, especially by modulating the abundance of Roseburia and the fecal-serotonin level. Moreover, we also observed a reduction in the overall perceived stress, particularly in the frequency of anger among these children. This study is the first to demonstrate the impact of nature-related activities on gut microbiota, fecal serotonin and psychosocial behaviour of preschool children. However, further mechanistic studies are needed to confirm the functional role of gut microbiota in the association between connectedness to nature and improved psychosocial behavior.

scholarly journals Half-Elemental Diet Shifts the Human Intestinal Bacterial Compositions and Metabolites: A Pilot Study with Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jun Miyoshi ◽  
Daisuke Saito ◽  
Mio Nakamura ◽  
Miki Miura ◽  
Tatsuya Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Elemental Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Background and Aim. Half-elemental diet (ED) (900 kcal/day of ED) has clinical efficacy to treat Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the underlying mechanisms of how the ED exerts its efficacy remain unclear. Alterations of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have been reported to play a role in CD pathogenesis. Many variables including diet affect the gut microbiota. We hypothesized that half-ED has the potential to change the gut microbiota composition and functions leading to anti-inflammatory actions. Given that inflammation can be a confounding factor affecting the intestinal microbiota, we aimed to test our hypothesis among healthy individuals in this pilot study. Methods. This prospective study included four healthy volunteers. The subjects continued their dietary habits for 2 weeks after the registration of the study and then started half-ED replacing 900 kcal of the regular diet with ED (time point 1, T1). The subjects continued half-ED for 2 weeks (T2). After the withdrawal of ED, subjects resumed their original dietary habits for 2 weeks (T3). Fecal samples were collected from all subjects at all time points, T1-3. Fecal DNA and metabolites were extracted from the samples. We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomic analysis to examine the bacterial compositions and intestinal metabolites. Results. There were differences in the gut bacterial compositions and metabolites at each time point as well as overtime changing patterns between subjects. Several bacteria and metabolites including short-chain fatty acids and bile acids altered significantly across the subjects. The bacterial membership and intestinal metabolites at T3 were different from T1 in all subjects. Conclusions. Half-ED shifts the gut bacterial compositions and metabolites. The changes varied with each individual, while some microbes and metabolites change commonly across individuals. The impact of half-ED may persist even after the withdrawal. This trial is registered with UMIN ID: 000031920.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Modulation by Dietary Barley Malt Melanoidins

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen Aljahdali ◽  
Pascale Gadonna-Widehem ◽  
Pauline M. Anton ◽  
Franck Carbonero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Melanoidins are the final Maillard reaction products (protein–carbohydrate complexes) produced in food by prolonged and intense heating. We assessed the impact of the consumption of melanoidins from barley malts on gut microbiota. Seventy-five mice were assigned into five groups, where the control group consumed a non-melanoidin malt diet, and other groups received melanoidin-rich malts in increments of 25% up to 100% melanoidin malts. Feces were sampled at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 and the microbiota was determined using V4 bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gas chromatography. Increased melanoidins was found to result in significantly divergent gut microbiota profiles and supported sustained SCFA production. The relative abundance of Dorea, Oscillibacter, and Alisitpes were decreased, while Lactobacillus, Parasutterella, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Barnesiella increased. Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp. were significantly increased in mice consuming the highest melanoidin amounts, suggesting remarkable prebiotic potential.

scholarly journals The Impact ofLactobacillus plantarumon the Gut Microbiota of Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Xiliang Wang ◽  
Shengping Wang ◽  
Dingren Bi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Microbiota

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is due in part to a loss of equilibrium among the gut microbiota, epithelial cells, and resident immune cells. The gut microbiota contains a large proportion of probiotic commensalLactobacillusspecies; some natural microbiota and probiotics confer protection against IBD. In this study, mice with colitis triggered by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) were givenLactobacillus plantarumorally. We assessed the damage caused by DSS and the therapeutic activity ofL. plantarum. The colitis triggered by DSS was less severe in the mice that received theL. plantarumtreatment, which also diversified the microbe species in the colon, enhanced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and diminished the relative abundance ofLactobacillus. The taxonomic units of greatest diversity in the DSS andL. plantarumgroups were identified using a linear discriminant and effect size (LEfSe) analysis.Aliihoefleawas established to be the genus of bacteria that was affected in theL. plantarumgroup most extensively. In conclusion, gut health was promoted byL. plantarum, as it diversified the microbes in the colon and restricted the activity of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Moreover, according to the LEfSe analysis, the DSS group was impacted more significantly by gut microorganisms than theL. plantarumgroup, suggesting thatL. plantarumimproved the stability of the intestinal tract.

scholarly journals Multi-omics Approaches To Decipher the Impact of Diet and Host Physiology on the Mammalian Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Milani ◽  
Giulia Alessandri ◽  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Marta Mangifesta ◽  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Host Physiology ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In recent years, various studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota influences host metabolism. However, these studies were focused primarily on a single or a limited range of host species, thus preventing a full exploration of possible taxonomic and functional adaptations by gut microbiota members as a result of host-microbe coevolution events. In the current study, the microbial taxonomic profiles of 250 fecal samples, corresponding to 77 host species that cover the mammalian branch of the tree of life, were reconstructed by 16S rRNA gene-based sequence analysis. Moreover, shotgun metagenomics was employed to investigate the metabolic potential of the fecal microbiomes of 24 mammals, and subsequent statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of host diet and corresponding physiology of the digestive system on gut microbiota composition and functionality. Functional data were confirmed and extended through metatranscriptome assessment of gut microbial populations of eight animals, thus providing insights into the transcriptional response of gut microbiota to specific dietary lifestyles. Therefore, the analyses performed in this study support the notion that the metabolic features of the mammalian gut microbiota have adapted to maximize energy extraction from the host’s diet. IMPORTANCE Diet and host physiology have been recognized as main factors affecting both taxonomic composition and functional features of the mammalian gut microbiota. However, very few studies have investigated the bacterial biodiversity of mammals by using large sample numbers that correspond to multiple mammalian species, thus resulting in an incomplete understanding of the functional aspects of their microbiome. Therefore, we investigated the bacterial taxonomic composition of 250 fecal samples belonging to 77 host species distributed along the tree of life in order to assess how diet and host physiology impact the intestinal microbial community by selecting specific microbial players. Conversely, the application of shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approaches to a group of selected fecal samples allowed us to shed light on both metabolic features and transcriptional responses of the intestinal bacterial community based on different diets.

scholarly journals DOP03 The impact of elemental diet on the human gut microbial structure and intestinal metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S042-S043
Author(s):  
J Miyoshi ◽  
D Saito ◽  
M Nakamura ◽  
M Miura ◽  
T Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Elemental Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease (CD) are increasing globally. The efficacy of elemental nutrition (EN) for CD has been reported for decades. Recent studies demonstrated that elemental diet (ED), one of the types of EN, which contains individual amino acids, sugars (mono- or polysaccharides), and low fat, improves the anti-TNFa antibody therapy outcome by reducing the loss of response and has the preventive effect against the postoperative recurrence. Given its excellent safety, ED can be a promising concomitant therapeutic option for CD. However, the underlying mechanisms of ED remain unclear. Imbalance of the gut microbiota, dysbiosis, is thought to be involved in CD pathogenesis. Meanwhile, diet influences gut microbiota. We hypothesised that ED exerts clinical efficacy by shifting the gut microbiota to the anti-inflammatory environment. We also believe that investigating human samples is crucial to obtain mechanistic insights into ED therapy, considering species-specific differences in interactions between the host and microbiota. In this study, we examined the impact of ED on the intestinal bacterial compositions as well as metabolites in human subjects. Methods Four healthy individuals participated in the study. The subjects continued their dietary habits for 2 weeks after the registration of the study and then replaced 900 kcal/day of their regular diet with 900 kcal/day of ED (time point 1, T1). ED was continued for 2 weeks (T2). After the withdrawal of ED, subjects resumed their original dietary habits for 2 weeks until the endpoint of this study (T3). Faecal samples were collected from all subjects at all time points, T1-3. Faecal DNA and metabolites were extracted and analysed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomic analysis, respectively. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyorin University School of Medicine (IRB No. 720) and performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results Interindividual differences were observed in the gut bacterial compositions (Figure 1) as well as metabolites (Figure 2) at all time points. Changes over time varied among subjects. On the other hand, some bacteria (e.g. [Ruminococcus] gnavus group and Parabacteroides) and metabolites including short-chain fatty acids and bile acids changed significantly between time points among the 4 subjects. The bacterial and metabolite profiles at T3 were different from those T1 in all subjects. Conclusion The alterations of the gut microbiota induced by ED vary with each individual. Some microbes and metabolites change commonly across the subjects. ED may have a lasting effect on the gut environment even after the withdrawal.

scholarly journals Differential effects of antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam or ceftriaxone on the murine gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Venturini ◽  
Bethany Bowring ◽  
Alicia Fajardo-Lubian ◽  
Carol Devine ◽  
Jonathan Iredell
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEffective antimicrobial stewardship requires a better understanding of the impact of different antibiotics on the gut microflora. Studies in humans are confounded by large inter-individual variability and difficulty in identifying control cohorts. However, controlled murine models can provide valuable information. We examined the impact of a penicillin-like antibiotic (piperacillin/tazobactam, TZP) or a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, CRO) on the murine gut microbiota. We analyzed gut microbiome composition by 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing and effects on the Enterobacteriaceae by qPCR and standard microbiology. Colonization resistance to multidrug resistant Escherichia coli ST131 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 was also tested. Changes in microbiome composition and a significant (p<0.001) decrease in diversity occurred in all treated mice, but were more marked and longer lasting after CRO exposure with a persistent rise in Proteobacteria levels. Increases in the Enterobacteriaceae occurred in all antibiotic treated mice, but were transient and associated with direct antibiotic pressure. Co-habitation of treated and untreated mice attenuated the detrimental effect of antibiotics on treated animals, but also caused disturbance in untreated co-habitants. At the height of dysbiosis after antibiotic termination, the murine gut was highly susceptible to colonization with both multidrug resistant pathogens. The administration of a third-generation cephalosporin caused a significantly prolonged dysbiosis in the murine gut microflora, when compared to a penicillin/β-lactam inhibitor combination with comparable activity against medically important virulent bacteria. At the height of dysbiosis, both antibiotic treatments equally led to microbial imbalance associated with loss of resistance to gut colonization by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document