The Effects of Handicap, Sex and Competence.on Expected Performance, Hiring and Salary Recommendations

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda T. Thomas ◽  
James E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Employer Attitudes ◽  
Potential Employer ◽  
Technology Students ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this stud;'was to examine current trends in employer and potential employer attitudes regarding the hiring of individuals with different types of handicap. Highly or barely competent, hypothetical males and females with either paraplegia, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or no handicap were evaluated by 334 upper division industrial technology students for the position of electrical technician. No differences were found in the evaluations of job candidates based on sex, or handicap vs. no handicap classifications; however, competence and type of hahdicap were found to affect decisions. Paraplegics received the most favorable ratings while those with multiple sclerosis received the poorest ratings in terms of both expected performance on the job and hiring decisions. The competence of an individual was clearly the most dominant factor in influencing evaluative decisions. Post hoc analyses revealed no differences between the attitudes of male and female raters toward the disabled, but significant interactions regarding salary recommendations. The implications of these results are discussed, and directions for future research suggested.

scholarly journals Disability improvement as a clinically relevant outcome in clinical trials of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110002
Author(s):  
Bruce AC Cree ◽  
Jeffrey A Cohen ◽  
Anthony T Reder ◽  
Davorka Tomic ◽  
Diego Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Switch Group ◽  
Relevant Outcome

Background: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can reduce the risk of disability worsening in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS). High-efficacy DMTs can lead to confirmed or sustained disability improvement (CDI and SDI). Objective and Methods: Post hoc analyses of data from the TRANSFORMS, FREEDOMS, and FREEDOMS II trials and their extensions assessed the effects of fingolimod (0.5–1.25 mg/day) on stabilizing or improving disability over ⩽8 years in participants with RMS. CDI and SDI rates were compared between participants initially randomized to fingolimod, interferon (IFNβ-1a), or placebo. Results: At 8 years’ follow-up in TRANSFORMS, 35.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.2%–43.1%) of assessed participants in the IFNβ-1a–fingolimod switch group and 41.9% (36.6%–47.6%) on continuous fingolimod experienced CDI; disability did not worsen in approximately 70%. Similar results were seen in the combined FREEDOMS population. Proportionally fewer TRANSFORMS participants achieved SDI in the IFNβ-1a–fingolimod switch group than on continuous fingolimod (5.4% [3.0%–9.5%] vs 14.2% [10.8%–18.4%], p = 0.01). Conclusion: CDI and SDI are outcomes of interest for clinical trials and for long-term follow-up of participants with RMS. Monitoring CDI and SDI in addition to disability worsening may facilitate understanding of the therapeutic benefit of RMS treatments.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Human-Machine Interaction Methodology for Electric-Powered Wheelchairs Driving from 1998 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7567
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhang ◽  
Lanxin Hui ◽  
Linchao Wei ◽  
Fuchuan Song ◽  
Fei Hu
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Wheelchairs ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Machine Interaction

Electric power wheelchairs (EPWs) enhance the mobility capability of the elderly and the disabled, while the human-machine interaction (HMI) determines how well the human intention will be precisely delivered and how human-machine system cooperation will be efficiently conducted. A bibliometric quantitative analysis of 1154 publications related to this research field, published between 1998 and 2020, was conducted. We identified the development status, contributors, hot topics, and potential future research directions of this field. We believe that the combination of intelligence and humanization of an EPW HMI system based on human-machine collaboration is an emerging trend in EPW HMI methodology research. Particular attention should be paid to evaluating the applicability and benefits of the EPW HMI methodology for the users, as well as how much it contributes to society. This study offers researchers a comprehensive understanding of EPW HMI studies in the past 22 years and latest trends from the evolutionary footprints and forward-thinking insights regarding future research.

Metaphor Research and the Hebrew Bible

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-285
Author(s):  
Mason D. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Recent Developments

This article provides an overview of metaphor theories and research on their own terms, as well as their use in Hebrew Bible (HB) studies. Though metaphor studies in the HB have become increasingly popular, they often draw upon a limited or dated subset of metaphor scholarship. The first half of this article surveys a wide variety of metaphor scholarship from the humanities (philosophical, poetic, rhetorical) and the sciences (e.g., conceptual metaphor theory), beginning with Aristotle but focusing on more recent developments. The second half overviews studies of metaphor in the HB since 1980, surveying works focused on theory and method; works focused on specific biblical books or metaphor domains; and finally noting current trends and suggesting areas for future research.

scholarly journals Mapping and Clustering Analysis on Environmental, Social and Governance Field a Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7304
Author(s):  
Shang Gao ◽  
Fanchen Meng ◽  
Zhouyang Gu ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Scopus Database

Academic interest in ESG has grown significantly in recent years. Nevertheless, bibliometric and visualization research on this topic is still insufficient. This study aims to conduct publication metrics on the literature connected with ESG and attempt to give a research agenda for future research. In this study, we used data from the Scopus database. Various bibliometric techniques, such as bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence analysis, were combined with assorted themes to present an overview. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that analyses the bibliographic data on ESG fields; this study is a unique contribution to the literature. This study also provides an overview of the trends and trajectories with a visual and schematic frame for the research of this topic. This may help researchers understand the current trends and future research directions, and enable future authors to conduct their studies more effectively.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis across Age Groups: Analysis from Pooled Pivotal and Real-world Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117957352110287
Author(s):  
Jiwon Oh ◽  
Sandra Vukusic ◽  
Klaus Tiel-Wilck ◽  
Jihad Said Inshasi ◽  
David Rog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii

Background: Evidence suggests that efficacy and safety of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis may differ with age. We evaluate efficacy and safety of teriflunomide across age subgroups of patients from pooled clinical trials and real-world studies. Methods: Post hoc analyses of patients who received teriflunomide 14 mg in the pooled phase II and III TEMSO, TOWER, TENERE, and TOPIC core and extension studies (n = 1978), and the real-world Teri-PRO (n = 928) and TAURUS-MS I (n = 1126) studies were conducted. Data were stratified by age at study entry: ⩽25, >25 to ⩽35, >35 to ⩽45, and >45 years. In Teri-PRO and TAURUS-MS I, an additional group, >55 years, was assessed. Results: In the pooled core studies, teriflunomide reduced annualized relapse rate (ARR) versus placebo across all ages. Unadjusted ARRs remained low across age groups in pooled extensions (0.18-0.30), Teri-PRO (0.10-0.35), and TAURUS-MS I (0.14-0.35). Baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were higher with age, but stable through core and extension studies (mean increases over 7 years: ⩽25 years, +0.59; >25 to ⩽35 years, +0.46; >35 to ⩽45 years, +0.35; >45 years, +0.81). Across age groups, adverse event (AE) incidences were 78.4% to 90.7% in pooled core and extension studies and Teri-PRO, and 29.2% to 37.7% in TAURUS-MS I; serious AE incidences were ⩽21.3% in all studies. In pooled phase III and Teri-PRO studies, lymphocyte count decreases over 1 year after initiating teriflunomide, and proportions of patients developing lymphopenia, were small across age groups. Conclusions: Teriflunomide efficacy was demonstrated regardless of age. Safety was generally consistent across age groups.

scholarly journals Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maglione ◽  
Miriam Zuccalà ◽  
Martina Tosi ◽  
Marinella Clerico ◽  
Simona Rolla
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Host Genetics

As a complex disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)’s etiology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. In the last decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor, but its interaction with host genetics is still unknown. In this review, we focus on these dual aspects of MS pathogenesis: we describe the current knowledge on genetic factors related to MS, based on genome-wide association studies, and then illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome and central nervous system in MS, summarizing the evidence available from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse models and studies in patients. Finally, as the understanding of influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome composition in MS is in its infancy, we explore this issue based on the evidence currently available from other autoimmune diseases that share with MS the interplay of genetic with environmental factors (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and discuss avenues for future research.

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