Diagnostic and Treatment Overshadowing Bias Across Disabilities: Are Rehabilitation Professionals Immune?

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Garner ◽  
Douglas C. Strohmer ◽  
Cynthia A. Langford ◽  
George J. Boas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Diagnostic Overshadowing ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
Specific Disability

The concept of diagnostic overshadowing has historically been applied only to clients with mental retardation. The possibility that diagnostic overshadowing impacts other disability categories was explored in this study. This study examined the robustness of diagnostic overshadowing bias when applied to rehabilitation counselor judgments about clients with physical disabilities, as well clients with mental retardation. A total of 89 rehabilitation professionals were presented with a case scenario which was identical except for the specific disability condition described. The professionals then completed a questionnaire that related to diagnostic impressions and treatment recommendations. Diagnostic overshadowing was exhibited with both mental retardation and physical disabilities. However, no overshadowmg was noted for treatment recommendations.

Sexual Assault and Students With Disabilities

2019 ◽  
pp. 588-611
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gibbon ◽  
Nicole Taylor ◽  
Elyse R. Scheckler ◽  
Michelle Stagmer ◽  
David F. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Forced Sterilization ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
Specific Disability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring

This chapter reviews the special vulnerabilities of students with disabilities to sexual assault. The relationship between the characteristics of specific disability categories and the delivery system that is special education is explored. Historical and philosophical trends such as institutionalization, forced sterilization, and the Eugenics Movement that created the environment for sexual abuse of students with disabilities are discussed. The authors provide a case study about a recent sexual assault and a discussion of the Willowbrook institution where well documented sexual abuse of people with disabilities took place. Age and disability specific sex education, teacher training, and ongoing monitoring are recommended to improve the safety of some of our most vulnerable students.

Selecting Clients for Supported Employment: Functional Criteria or Categorical Labels?

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Langford ◽  
George J. Boas ◽  
William E. Garner ◽  
Douglas C. Strohmer
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
The Impact

The impact of categorical labels versus functional limitations upon rehabilitation professionals' identification of clients for supported employment was investigated. A group of 89 rehabilitation professionals in a large southern state reviewed a case description of an individual exhibiting inappropriate work behaviors that functionally defined appropriate candidates for supported employment, but varied only in terms of the categorical label assigned to the fictitious client. The case description had five variations: no disability, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, hearing impairment, or mental retardation. Results suggest that the categorical label impacted upon decisions to refer clients for supported employment. Implications for rehabilitation education and practice, as well as directions for future research are identified and discussed.

Rehabilitation Counseling: Emerging Opportunities in the 21st Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wehman
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Provision Of Services

The skillset required to be an effective rehabilitation counselor has become increasingly more complex in previous decades. To meet this demand, rehabilitation counselors (RCs) must establish requisite skills for translating empirically-based methods into clinical application. In the 21st century, there are several specific topic areas in which rehabilitation counselors should be adept. These include the use of a dual customer approach, provision of culturally responsive services to minority populations, provision of services for individuals with severe physical disabilities, familiarity with pertinent legislation at the state and federal level, and an understanding of emerging technology that can assist individuals with disabilities in the workplace. Competency in these areas must come from fieldwork or other applied opportunities, in addition to postsecondary coursework. This article will provide an in-depth look at each topic area.

Client Feedback: A Valuable Source of Counselor Development

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Emener ◽  
Denise Placido
Keyword(s):  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Counselor Development ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Conference Program ◽  
Client Feedback ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals

Professional literature documents the importance of consumerism in rehabilitation service delivery. It is proposed that the use of systematic client feedback in the evaluation of rehabilitation counselors is a valuable, but untapped, source of counselor development. A proposed-, systematic-, client feedback-, rehabilitation counselor evaluation model, its potential strengths and weaknesses, prototype instrumentation based on information gathered from a sample of 25 rehabilitation clients, and the pro's and con's of implementation alternatives, are presented. The opinions and recommendations of 52 rehabilitation professionals attending a National Rehabilitation Counseling Association Conference Program, and concluding recommendations for research and implementation are offered.

HIV Microaggressions Across Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems: A Social Justice Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-259
Author(s):  
Suneetha Manyam ◽  
Shama Panjwani ◽  
John Mark Parker
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Microaggressions play a prominent role in the cultural competency of the rehabilitation professionals. Understanding these biases and stereotypes faced by the individuals living with HIV/AIDS from a social justice and systemic perspective is crucial to become a culturally competent rehabilitation counselor. The current article is a systematic review of the anecdotal and scientific literature from 1900 to 2017 about these microaggressions toward individuals with HIV/AIDS. Authors present the common themes that emerged out of this extensive qualitative analysis by utilizing the Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological model as a basis and discuss its impact from a social justice perspective. Implications for rehabilitation counselors and future recommendations are presented at the end.

scholarly journals Factors that influence the use of community assets by people with physical disabilities: results of participatory mapping in Envigado, Colombia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Toro-Hernandez ◽  
Laura Villa-Torres ◽  
Mónica Alejandra Mondragón-Barrera ◽  
Wendy Camelo-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
System Level ◽  
Participatory Mapping ◽  
Community Assets ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

Abstract Background: Disability is an evolving concept that results from the complex interaction between a person with an impairment and the context in which he/she lives. There is limited understanding on the types, access and use of community assets valuable for people with disabilities, and the role of contextual factors in Colombia. Our goal with this work was to identify the factors at the levels of the socio-ecological framework, and their interaction, that influence the use of community assets among people with physical disabilities and community stakeholders in Envigado, Colombia. Methods: Using participatory mapping, a community based participatory approach, we carried out an assessment of community assets identified by people with disabilities and rehabilitation professionals. In-depth interviews (n=32) informed the design of two asset mapping activities, one among people with disabilities (n=5)and a second with rehabilitation professionals(n=4). Results were presented in a community forum to receive feedback on the findings. Results: Main findings indicate a chain of contextual factors that limit access and use of assets stemming from the personal (e.g. financial resources, inaccessible housing), interpersonal level (e.g. lack of a personal assistance or aid), and community levels (e.g. lack of accessible public transportation and inaccessible buildings). In most cases these barriers are heightened by system level barriers (e.g. lack of effective enforcement of the legal framework). Conclusions: Identifying these contextual factors, and their interactions, calls for stronger enforcement of the existing legal framework through articulated work between different stakeholders, so that people with disabilities can enjoy community assets.

The State-Federal Rehabilitation Counselor Work Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Steve Zanskas ◽  
Douglas C. Strohmer
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Career Theory ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Rehabilitation System

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of counselors’ work environment in the state-federal rehabilitation system through the framework of Holland's career theory and the Position Classification Inventory (PCI). Data gathered from 214 state-federal rehabilitation counselors included in a national sample of 366 rehabilitation counselors were analyzed following the administration of a web adaptation of the PCI. Results empirically establish the Holland code for the state-federal system work environment and examine its congruence with the prototypical rehabilitation counselor work environment. Implications for recruitment and retention of qualified rehabilitation professionals are discussed.

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