Fluid and Electrolyte Management in the Premature Infant

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Chow ◽  
Davina Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Postnatal Adaptation ◽  
Fluid And Electrolyte Management

Caring for the premature infant in the NICU requires knowledge and understanding of the physiologic adaptation to extrauterine life and how prematurity affects that transition. Nurses play an integral role in managing fluid and electrolyte balance in these infants. This article addresses postnatal adaptation and all aspects of fluid and electrolyte management of the preterm infant.

A Physiologic Method for Monitoring Premature Infants

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Susan Ludington-Hoe ◽  
Christine E. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Physiologic Monitoring ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Electrical Components ◽  
Physiologic Data

Instrumentation capable of handling 12 continuous hours of nine-channel real-time physiologic data sampled at 10Hz was needed to test within and between subject variability and preterm infant responses to skin-to-skin contact with the mother. A review of basic electrical components, electrical principles related to physiologic monitoring, and electrophysiology concepts generic to physiologic monitoring is presented. The development, specifications and applications of a new instrument to monitor premature infant cardiorespiratory adaptations are discussed.

Urgent hybrid palliation for interrupted aortic arch in a preterm infant

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-346
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Romans ◽  
Aimee K. Armstrong ◽  
Ranjit Aiyagari
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Interrupted Aortic Arch ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hybrid Palliation

AbstractIn patients with ductal-dependent CHD, ductal restriction can be life-threatening. We present the use of urgent hybrid palliation involving placement of bilateral pulmonary artery bands and ductus arteriosus stent implantation in a 1.5 kg premature infant with interrupted aortic arch and ductal restriction.

Feeding the Ill or Preterm Infant

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
High Risk Infant ◽  
Intermittent Bolus ◽  
Enteral Feedings ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Extremely Premature Infant ◽  
Frequent Presence

Illness and immaturity often interfere with a neonate’s ability to receive full enteral feedings during the first week of life. The goals of feeding in the NICU are to nourish the preterm infant for appropriate growth and development and to facilitate the earliest possible discharge from the NICU. Early, small-volume feedings, or trophic feedings, have been studied as a method for achieving these goals. The high-risk infant given such trophic feedings not only receives minimum enteral nutrition, but also attains earlier full nutritional feedings and, consequently, is discharged home earlier. Oro- or nasal-gastric gavage feedings are usually indicated for this group of infants because of their physiologic immaturity and the frequent presence of respiratory illness. Recent studies support the use of intermittent bolus feedings, which have long been used for the premature infant. Several authors have noted advantages to continuous infusions as well. Because the infant is unable to pace or refuse gavage feedings, the caretaker must determine the appropriate volume of each feeding. The optimal volume for initiation and advancement of trophic and nutritional feedings is still under investigation, but reports have demonstrated safe volumes for even the extremely premature infant.

Postoperative Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Alarming Audit Results

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Johnson ◽  
Simon Monkhouse
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Fluid Losses ◽  
Fluid And Electrolyte Management ◽  
Poor Management

Perioperative fluid and electrolyte management requires an understanding of physiology and fluid losses. Consequences of poor management in postoperative patients can be fatal. This audit assesses the latest consensus guidelines and applies them to a district general hospital setting. Results are concerning and demonstrate a global lack of application of knowledge and understanding. Recommendations are suggested in order to control this potentially devastating situation.

scholarly journals The effect of parenteral nitrogen and energy intake on electrolyte balance in the preterm infant

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1088-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bonsante ◽  
S Iacobelli ◽  
C Chantegret ◽  
D Martin ◽  
J-B Gouyon
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Electrolyte Balance

scholarly journals COVID-19 in a premature infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e243783
Author(s):  
David CE NG ◽  
Ling Chin ◽  
Pauline Poh Ling Choo ◽  
Umathevi Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

We report a case of COVID-19 in a 29-week preterm infant. This child is the youngest reported case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia, and to the best of our knowledge, one of the youngest documented cases of established vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in literature. Our report highlights the clinical course, timelines of viral shedding by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and antibody seroconversion in a premature infant infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we discuss the challenges faced in managing a preterm infant infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the knowledge gaps that need to be explored.

scholarly journals Clinical, metabolic and neurological disorders in full-term newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
O. V. Remneva ◽  
O. V. Rozhkova ◽  
T. M. Cherkasova ◽  
Yu. V. Korenovskiy ◽  
N. V. Trukhacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Maternal Hyperglycemia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Postnatal Adaptation

Objective. To determine the clinical and metabolic changes in children born from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and to predict perinatal injury of the central nervous system (CNS), taking into account the level of maternal hyperglycemia.Material and methods. The period of early postnatal adaptation was analyzed in 258 full-term infants, who were divided into two groups, depending on the glucose level in the mother’s venous blood during pregnancy: Group 1: 5,1–5,6 mmol/L, Group 2: 5,7–7,0 mmol/L.Results. Based on clinical, functional and laboratory markers (electrolyte balance and carbohydrate metabolism in the blood of a newborn) there was established a correlation between the severity of maternal hyperglycemia and the severity of neonatal disorders. In Group II infants born from mothers with more severe hyperglycemia are more likely to have a respiratory distress syndrome and ischemic-hypoxic injury of the central nervous system in combination with excess birth weight which significantly complicates postnatal adaptation.Conclusion. The concentration of neuron-specific enolase of 4,9 ng/ml in the fetal amniotic fluid is an antenatal marker of perinatal damage to the central nervous system in a newborn.

Effects of Hypophysectomy on the Occurrence and Calcifiability of Matrix Vesicles in the Epiphyseal Growth Plate of Immature Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
S. I. Coleman ◽  
W. J. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Cellular Secretion

In the cellular secretion theory of mineral deposition, extracellular matrix vesicles are believed to play an integral role in hard tissue mineralization (1). Membrane limited matrix vesicles arise from the plasma membrane of epiphyseal chondrocytes and tooth odontoblasts by a budding process (2, 3). Nutritional and hormonal factors have been postulated to play essential roles in mineral deposition and apparently have a direct effect on matrix vesicles of calcifying cartilage as concluded by Anderson and Sajdera (4). Immature (75-85 gm) Long-Evans hooded rats were hypophysectomized by the parapharyngeal approach and maintained fourteen (14) days post-surgery. At this time, the animals were anesthetized and perfusion fixed in cacodylate buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The proximal tibias were quickly dissected out and split sagittally. One half was used for light microscopy (LM) and the other for electron microscopy (EM). The halves used for EM were cut into blocks approximately 1×3 mm. The tissue blocks were prepared for ultra-thin sectioning and transmission EM. The tissue was oriented so as to section through the epiphyseal growth plate from the zone of proliferating cartilage on down through the hypertrophic zone and into the initial trabecular bone. Sections were studied stained (double heavy metal) and unstained.

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