Hydrogen sulfide content in pregnant women with preeclampsia in late gestation and their newborns

We examined 70 women who were 22-40 weeks pregnant and their newborns. Of these, 15 women with moderate PE made up group 1, 22 women with severe PE-group 2, and 55 women with uncomplicated pregnancy without hypertensive disorders - the control group. Blood was collected from women when they were admitted to the clinic, and blood was taken from newborns for 3-5 days of life. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was determined by the method of K. Qu et al [17]. There was a decrease in the level of hydrogen sulfide in the blood serum of women whose pregnancy was complicated by severe preeclampsia. In newborns born to mothers with preeclampsia, an increase in the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was detected in the blood, which is probably a compensatory reaction aimed at restoring vascular homeostasis during early postnatal adaptation.

Clinical, metabolic and neurological disorders in full-term newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective. To determine the clinical and metabolic changes in children born from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and to predict perinatal injury of the central nervous system (CNS), taking into account the level of maternal hyperglycemia.Material and methods. The period of early postnatal adaptation was analyzed in 258 full-term infants, who were divided into two groups, depending on the glucose level in the mother’s venous blood during pregnancy: Group 1: 5,1–5,6 mmol/L, Group 2: 5,7–7,0 mmol/L.Results. Based on clinical, functional and laboratory markers (electrolyte balance and carbohydrate metabolism in the blood of a newborn) there was established a correlation between the severity of maternal hyperglycemia and the severity of neonatal disorders. In Group II infants born from mothers with more severe hyperglycemia are more likely to have a respiratory distress syndrome and ischemic-hypoxic injury of the central nervous system in combination with excess birth weight which significantly complicates postnatal adaptation.Conclusion. The concentration of neuron-specific enolase of 4,9 ng/ml in the fetal amniotic fluid is an antenatal marker of perinatal damage to the central nervous system in a newborn.

SOME ASPECTS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), INFECTED AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF PERINATAL PERIOD

The problem of coronavirus infection has been the world’s concern since 2019. At the same time, the issues of infection of newborn children remain unclear, the issue of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to child is being discussed. The aim of our study was to study the features of the period of postnatal adaptation of newborns born to mothers with coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), taking into account the time of infection occurrence. We analyzed the features of the neonatal course in children from the mothers with confirmed Covid-19 infection (PCR RNA of SARS-Cov 2) revealed in the mothers either during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. When examining children, we used clinical, laboratory, and biochemical research methods. It was found that children whose mothers contracted coronavirus infection COVID-19 immediately before childbirth had an aggravated course of the neonatal period compared with children from mothers who had recovered in the middle of pregnancy, and the manifestations of infection and post-hypoxic syndrome were more pronounced in the former. Laboratory investigations proved that newborns from the mothers who fell ill shortly before childbirth had acute viral inflammation.

Urinary Metabolomic Profile of Preterm Infants Receiving Human Milk with Either Bovine or Donkey Milk-Based Fortifiers

Fortification of human milk (HM) for preterm and very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants is a standard practice in most neonatal intensive care units. The optimal fortification strategy and the most suitable protein source for achieving better tolerance and growth rates for fortified infants are still being investigated. In a previous clinical trial, preterm and VLBW infants receiving supplementation of HM with experimental donkey milk-based fortifiers (D-HMF) showed decreased signs of feeding intolerance, including feeding interruptions, bilious gastric residuals and vomiting, with respect to infants receiving bovine milk-based fortifiers (B-HMF). In the present ancillary study, the urinary metabolome of infants fed B-HMF (n = 27) and D-HMF (n = 27) for 21 days was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T1) of the observation period. Results showed that most temporal changes in the metabolic responses were common in the two groups, providing indications of postnatal adaptation. The significantly higher excretion of galactose in D-HMF and of carnitine, choline, lysine and leucine in B-HMF at T1 were likely due to different formulations. In conclusion, isocaloric and isoproteic HM fortification may result in different metabolic patterns, as a consequence of the different quality of the nutrients provided by the fortifiers.

A placenta vizsgálatának ajánlott módszertana és a vizsgálat javallatai. Módszertani javaslat

Introduction: According to the Hungarian law, placental examination is not mandatory, although it is known from the international practice that it can give valuable information in cases of stillbirth or in conditions, where the neonate has difficulty in the postnatal adaptation. Aim: It can be useful in the early detection of diseases, which otherwise would have gone undetected until late in life. This article is unique in Hungary, as no similar guideline exists in Hungarian language. Method: The recommendation of the Royal College of Pathologists (United Kingdom) determines those conditions where essential information can be obtained from the placental examination in not normal pregnancies. It serves as a useful guide in the medical practice. The journal titled “Placenta”, first published in 1980 with impact factor above two, just underlines this statement. Results: In this article, the authors present the recent guideline of the RCPath and finish with the presentation of established clinicopathological association that might help clinicians to get the most valuable information from placental examination. Conclusion: The present article aims to summarise updated recommendations and present clinicopathological correlations. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(48): 1894–1903.