The Impact of Partner Stalking on Mental Health and Protective Order Outcomes Over Time

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
TK Logan ◽  
Jennifer Cole
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Order ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The goals of this article are to examine stalking victimization over time among a large sample (n = 662) of women who received a protective order against a violent partner and to examine the impact of stalking on mental health and protective order outcomes. Findings suggest that stalking is a significant risk factor for other forms of partner violence (e.g., psychological, physical, and sexual violence) and that the experience of being stalked by a violent partner contributes uniquely to women’s perceptions of psychological distress, personal safety, and perceptions of protective order effectiveness. Both the criminal justice system and victim service representatives need to be vigilant in educating women about the increased risk of stalking to their safety and mental health. Further, study findings suggest that stalking must be addressed to prevent future physical and psychological harm in partner violence cases.

scholarly journals Television Viewing and Cognitive Dysfunction of Korean Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Mi Sook Jung ◽  
Eunyoung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the association between television (TV) viewing and cognitive dysfunction in elderly Koreans. Among participants of the 2014 National Survey of Older Koreans, 9644 were considered in this study. To better identify the association between two factors, propensity score (PS) matching with exact method was used. Finally, 168 viewers and non-viewers each were selected based on estimated PS on key variables and eliminating double matches. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed when controlling for possible covariates. Viewers were more likely to have cognitive dysfunction than non-viewers, with significant differences in most covariates. After correcting confounding effects of these covariates with PS matching, TV viewing was found to be a significant risk factor of cognitive dysfunction, along with absence of diagnosed hypertension and non-participation in physical leisure activities. TV viewing might be associated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in later life. Appropriate education and strategies to minimize TV viewing among older adults should be established to contribute to attenuating cognitive aging. More interventional studies can help older adults, caregivers, and healthcare professionals explore the cognitively beneficial alternatives to TV use considering the impact of socioeconomic factors of selecting TV viewing as a preferred leisure activity.

scholarly journals An audit of risk assessments and management for self-harm and suicide in patients with depressive symptoms at a primary care practice in the UK

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S89-S89
Author(s):  
Win Let Oo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Primary Care Practice ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

AimsOver 5 million adults in England are living with depression, with the highest prevalence rates recorded in the North West and North East of England, 12.88% and 11.53%, respectively (NHS Digital, 2019). Depression is also associated with the highest rates of self-harm and suicide (SH&S) (Singhal, Ross, Seminog, Hawton, & Goldarce, 2014). The impact of SH&S on a family ranges from shock and horror to, blame, secrecy and shame. Survivors may also be negatively judged or self-stigmatise (Cerel, Jordan, & Duberstein, 2008). Managing self-harm episodes has a significant financial implication for the NHS (Tsiachristas, et al., 2017). If high-risk individuals are identified and intervened early, it would not only save lives but also potentially reduce financial strains. The aim of the audit is to evaluate the performance of risk assessment and management of self-harm and suicide at the Reedyford Healthcare Group, Nelson, England, and to determine whether the primary care practice is meeting the standards of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for adults with depression.MethodA retrospective audit of 62 patients presenting with depressive symptoms over 3 months was performed at the Reedyford Healthcare Group.Two criteria from the NICE guidelines for adults with depression were included with associated standards of 100%:All patients with depression should be assessed for suicidal ideation and intent by asking direct questions.A patient presenting with significant risk to self/others should be referred to specialist mental health services the same day, as soon as possible.Result42 patients were asked direct questions about SH&S. 2 patients presenting with immediate risk were urgently referred to specialist services. Nonetheless, all those patients at increased risk of suicide were given an increased level of support by the practice. The results indicated that the practice could improve, and a quality improvement approach has been planned.ConclusionThe assessment of risk in patients presenting with depression is vital. This audit shows that it is not always done in practice. The author has not found other published audits on this topic and suggests that this may be appropriate for a national audit. This is particularly prudent with the current concern regarding mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tolerability of Highly Protein Bound Targeted Oral Oncolytic Drugs in Patients With Hypoalbuminemia: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Murdock ◽  
Marissa R. Duco ◽  
David J. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Oncolytic Therapy ◽  
Drug Tolerability ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Similar Incidence

Background: Hypoalbuminemia is commonly observed in cancer patients. Given the pharmacokinetic interactions between serum proteins and protein bound medications, administration of highly protein bound targeted oral oncolytic drugs may result in elevated unbound drug levels and decreased tolerability in those with hypoalbuminemia. Objective: To describe the impact of hypoalbuminemia on oral oncolytic drug tolerability. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of adult patients receiving treatment with targeted oral oncolytic drugs with ≥95% protein binding. The primary end point of this study was to compare time to discontinuation resulting from documented toxicity in those with and without hypoalbuminemia. Results: The study included 143 patients receiving 16 targeted oral oncolytic drugs (42% with hypoalbuminemia, 58% without hypoalbuminemia). Adverse events were common, with similar incidence among patients with and without hypoalbuminemia (73% vs 76%, respectively; P = 0.727). Median time to therapy discontinuation resulting from documented toxicity was significantly shorter in those with hypoalbuminemia (22 months vs not reached; P = 0.003). Cox regression demonstrated that hypoalbuminemia was the only significant risk factor for shorter time to discontinuation resulting from documented adverse effects (hazard ratio = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.15-8.0; P = 0.025). Conclusion and Relevance: This represents the first report of the impact of hypoalbuminemia on tolerability of highly protein bound oral oncolytic drugs, demonstrating that patients with hypoalbuminemia may be at increased risk for early discontinuation resulting from toxicity. Given the importance of maintaining dose intensity in patients receiving oncolytic therapy, albumin levels should be monitored throughout treatment and supportive care maximized in those developing hypoalbuminemia.

scholarly journals Age-Associated TET2 Mutations: Common Drivers of Myeloid Dysfunction, Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina K. Ferrone ◽  
Mackenzie Blydt-Hansen ◽  
Michael J. Rauh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inactivating Mutations

Acquired, inactivating mutations in Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) are detected in peripheral blood cells of a remarkable 5%–10% of adults greater than 65 years of age. They impart a hematopoietic stem cell advantage and resultant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) with skewed myelomonocytic differentiation. CHIP is associated with an overall increased risk of transformation to a hematological malignancy, especially myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MPN, MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), of approximately 0.5% to 1% per year. However, it is becoming increasingly possible to identify individuals at greatest risk, based on CHIP mutational characteristics. CHIP, and particularly TET2-mutant CHIP, is also a novel, significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, related in part to hyper-inflammatory, progeny macrophages carrying TET2 mutations. Therefore, somatic TET2 mutations contribute to myeloid expansion and innate immune dysregulation with age and contribute to prevalent diseases in the developed world—cancer and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we describe the impact of detecting TET2 mutations in the clinical setting. We also present the rationale and promise for targeting TET2-mutant and other CHIP clones, and their inflammatory environment, as potential means of lessening risk of myeloid cancer development and dampening CHIP-comorbid inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Perceptions in a Cohort of Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Leuenberger ◽  
Jennifer McCall-Hosenfeld ◽  
Erik Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAlmost one-half of American women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner. IPV is associated with an increased risk of homicide, with firearms as the most commonly used weapon. We designed this study to better understand the impact of interpersonal trauma exposure and demographic factors on firearm perceptions among a cohort of IPV-exposed women. Methods267 women in central Pennsylvania with exposure to IPV were surveyed about perceptions of gun access, safety, and gun presence in the home. Trauma variables included IPV type, IPV recency, unwanted sexual exposure, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Multivariable analyses examined each of the three firearm perception questions controlling for trauma exposures and demographics. ResultsEase of firearm acquisition: Women who reported physical IPV (aOR2.40, 95%CI 1.20,4.81), women who reported past year unwanted sexual exposure (aOR4.01, 95% CI 1.00,16.03), and women of ages 47-54 (aOR3.57 95%CI 1.49,8.55) reported that guns were easy to acquire, compared to women ages 19-34. Perceived safety in the proximity of a gun: Women with the highest ACE score were less likely to feel safe with a gun nearby (aOR0.41, 95%CI 0.21,0.84). Rural women (aOR4.13, 95%CI 1.55,11.01), and women ages 35-46 had increased odds (aOR2.88, 95%CI 1.35,6.12) of reporting that guns made them feel safer. Odds of guns in the home: Women who were divorced or separated (aOR0.22, 95%CI 0.09,0.54) and women were widowed or single (aOR0.22, 95%CI 0.07,0.68) had lower odds of having a gun in the home, compared to married women. Rural women had higher odds of living in a home with a gun (aOR3.30, 95%CI 1.04,10.49). There was no significant effect of the trauma variables on the odds of having a gun at home. ConclusionsTrauma exposures, including physical IPV and past-year unwanted sexual exposure, were associated with women’s perceptions that it was easier to acquire guns in their community. Women with more severe childhood trauma felt less safe around firearms, but trauma exposures did not predict gun ownership. Instead, demographics of being married and rural residence were associated with gun ownership.

scholarly journals Litigating in the Time of Coronavirus: Mental Health Tribunals’ Response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 132-160
Author(s):  
Ruby Dhand ◽  
Anita Szigeti ◽  
Maya Kotob ◽  
Michael Kennedy ◽  
Rebecca Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Substantive Equality ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

People with mental health and addiction issues are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 given the elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 within psychiatric facilities. The impact of the pandemic on this extraordinarily vulnerable population includes the potential for large outbreaks and multiple deaths. There is also the increased risk of serious psychological harm, exacerbating pre-existing mental health and substance use issues and in turn elevating their risk to themselves and/or others. In Part I of this paper, we analyze the procedural barriers to access to justice that arose as a result of the initial responses to COVID-19 by the Consent and Capacity Board [CCB] and the Ontario Review Board [ORB]. In Part V, we include a brief report on how appeals taken from both tribunals have been handled throughout COVID-19 to date. In Part VI, we analyze the discretionary and systemic barriers experienced by people with mental health and addiction issues appearing before the CCB and ORB during COVID-19. We critique recent mental health law cases during COVID-19 where deprivations of liberty interests and substantive equality have occurred, and access to justice for people with mental health and addictions issues has been denied, suspended or impaired. Through a legal analysis of how the pandemic has impacted this vulnerable community of litigants, we hope this research will result in further advocacy and education to prevent outbreaks and death, improve health care practices, and increase access to justice.

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of COVID-19 and restrictions to daily living as a result of social distancing within veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy ◽  
C Williamson ◽  
J Baumann ◽  
W Busuttil ◽  
N T Fear
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionData are emerging showing the adverse consequences on mental health of the general public due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the needs of veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsData were collected through a cross-sectional online survey from a randomly selected sample (n=1092) of military veterans who have sought help for mental health difficulties from a veteran-specific UK-based charity. The response rate was 25.2% (n=275). Participants were asked to complete a range of standardised mental health outcomes (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, common mental health difficulties (CMDs): 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, difficulties with anger: 5-Item Dimensions of Anger Reactions—Revised and alcohol misuse: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and endorse a list of potential stressors related to changes to daily life resulting from COVID-19. Regression analyses were fitted to explore predictors of mental health severity.ResultsIt was observed that symptoms of common mental disorder and PTSD (69.3% and 65.0%, respectively) were the most commonly reported to have been exacerbated by the pandemic. Lack of social support and reporting increasing numbers of stressors related to COVID-19 were consistently associated with increasing severity of a range of mental health difficulties.ConclusionsOur findings suggest veterans who had pre-existing mental health difficulties prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 may be at increased risk of experiencing CMDs as a result of the pandemic. Intervening to improve levels of social support and offering practical guidance to better manage any additional stressors relating to the pandemic may provide strategies to help reduce the burden of mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals Perceptions of firearms in a cohort of women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) in Central Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Leuenberger ◽  
Erik Lehman ◽  
Jennifer McCall-Hosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Harm

Abstract Background Almost one-half of U.S. women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner. IPV is associated with an increased risk of homicide, with firearms as the most commonly used weapon. We designed this study to better understand the correlation of interpersonal trauma exposures and demographic factors on firearm perceptions among a cohort of IPV-exposed women. Methods Two hundred sixty-seven women in central Pennsylvania with exposure to IPV were surveyed about perceptions of gun access, safety, and gun presence in the home. Trauma variables included IPV type, IPV recency, unwanted sexual exposure, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Multivariable analyses examined three questions examining firearm perceptions controlling for trauma exposures and demographics. Results Ease of firearm acquisition: Women who were older (mean 44.92 years +/− SD 12.05), compared to women who were younger (40.91 +/− SD 11.81 years) were more likely to describe it as easy or very easy to acquire a gun (aOR 1.05, 95%CI 1.004, 1.10). Perceived safety in the proximity of a gun: Women with the highest ACE score were less likely to feel safe with a gun nearby (aOR 0.31, 95%CI 0.14, 0.67). Odds of guns in the home: Women who were divorced or separated (aOR 0.22, 95%CI 0.09, 0.54), women were widowed or single (aOR0.23, 95%CI 0.08, 0.67), and women who were partnered (aOR 0.45 95%CI 0.20, 0.97) had lower odds of having a gun in the home, compared to married women. There was no significant effect of the trauma variables on the odds of having a gun at home. Conclusions Women with more severe childhood trauma felt less safe around firearms, but trauma exposures did not predict the perception of gun prevalence in the local community or gun ownership. Instead, demographic factors of marriage predicted presence of a gun in the home.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document