Irrational Beliefs, Cognitive Distortions, and Depressive Symptomatology in a College-Age Sample: A Mediational Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Tecuta ◽  
Elena Tomba ◽  
Ambra Lupetti ◽  
Raymond DiGiuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
College Age ◽  
Depression Symptomatology

Dysfunctional cognitions such as irrational beliefs (IBs) of Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) model and cognitive distortions (CDs) or cognitive errors from Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) model are known to correlate with depressive symptomatology. However, most studies focus on one cognitive theoretical model in predicting psychopathology. The current study examined the relationship between both IBs and CDs in predicting depression. A college-age sample of 507 participants completed the Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-2, the Cognitive Distortions Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Half of the sample showed minimal depression, while the remaining sample exhibited mild-moderate (37.4%) to severe (11.1%) depression symptomatology. Through regression analyses, the study aimed to examine whether IBs accounted for more of the variance in depression symptomatology after the effects of CDs were considered. Moreover, it tested whether CDs served as a moderator or mediator between IBs and depression. Each of Ellis' IBs (demandingness, awfulizing, self-downing, and low frustration tolerance) accounted for significantly more variance in depression after the variance of CDs was entered with the IB of self-downing explaining the most variance in depression severity. Moreover, while no moderation effect was found, CDs partially mediated the effect of IBs on depression. Both IBs and CDs contributed unique variance in predicting depression. Findings support the clinical notion that IBs and CDs are associated as well as highlight the clinical utility of both conceptualizations of dysfunctional cognitions in explaining depressive symptomatology. Clinicians might consider that each dysfunctional cognition might not be subject to change if not directly targeted. Rather than choosing to focus exclusively on IBs or CDs underlying negative automatic thoughts, psychotherapeutic efforts might benefit from identifying and challenging both types of dysfunctional cognitions.

The Treatment of Morbid Jealousy: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Emotive Behavior ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Therapy Approach ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Low Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Behavioral Methods

Jealousy can be seen as rational or undisturbed when people strongly desire love and affection from others but do not dogmatically insist that they absolutely must have it. When they are irrationally or self-defeatingly jealous, they usually have a number of irrational beliefs leading to their feelings of insecurity, rage, and low frustration tolerance. These are described in this article and several cognitive, emotive, and behavioral methods are presented that are commonly used in rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) to reduce irrational jealousy.

Articulated Cognitive Distortions and Cognitive Deficiencies in Maritally Violent Men

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Eckhardt ◽  
Howard Kassinove
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Anger Arousal ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Low Frustration Tolerance

Twenty maritally violent (MV) and 20 maritally satisfied, nonviolent men (SNV) participated in an Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) assessment. Participants listened to audiotaped interpersonal interactions and articulated their thoughts at 30-second intervals. As predicted by Holtzworth-Munroe’s (1992) information processing model of marital violence, MV participants emitted more global irrational beliefs and automatic thoughts, especially in response to interactions designed to induce anger. MV men also emitted a greater number of specific cognitive distortions (Demandingness, Low Frustration Tolerance, Global Self/Other Ratings, Arbitrary Inference, Overgeneralization, Magnification, and Dichotomous Thinking statements). In contrast, SNV men emitted more Anger Control statements during anger arousal, indicating that MV men may have a deficiency in generating effective conflict resolution strategies. Implications of these data in terms of information processing theories of marital anger and aggression are discussed.

Theoretical overlap and distinction between rational emotive behavior therapy’s awfulizing and cognitive therapy’s catastrophizing

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Harris Waltman ◽  
Angelique Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Emotive Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior

PurposeThe term catastrophizing was coined by Ellis (1962) and commented on by Beck (1979). Since that time, much research has been done on the topic and a recent review article postulated that catastrophizing served as a transdiagnostic mechanism across the psychiatric disorders (Gellatly and Beck, 2016). In rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), there is a greater emphasis placed on the underlying irrational beliefs than the surface-level automatic thoughts; therefore, REBT therapists tend to focus on Awfulizing as opposed to catastrophizing. While these terms sound similar, it is unclear what theoretical overlap and distinction exists between the concepts. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a review and synthesis of the extant literature, drawing from both theorists and empirical studies, to map out the similar and unique aspects of each cognition.FindingsAwfulizing and catastrophizing are distinct concepts with differing effects on cognitive, affective and behavioral responses; these findings extend beyond theoretical models and are supported by empirical literature.Originality/valueThis review has direct implications for practitioners of the cognitive and behavioral therapies, including REBT, and those seeking an integration of the cognitive therapies.

Body Dissatisfaction and Irrational Beliefs

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
André T. Möller ◽  
Mariette E. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
High Body ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

To test the hypothesis that the irrational, evaluative beliefs, postulated by Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy, are associated with body dissatisfaction, 94 women (21 diagnosed with an eating disorder, 38 with high body dissatisfaction but without an eating disorder, and 35 with low body dissatisfaction) completed the Survey of Personal Beliefs and the Eating Disorders Inventory. Analysis showed no significant difference in body dissatisfaction between the Eating Disordered and High Body Dissatisfaction subgroups. No significant correlations between body dissatisfaction and irrational beliefs were found for the Eating Disordered subgroup. For the High Body Dissatisfaction subgroup, significant but low correlations were found between scores on body dissatisfaction and irrational standards for self and others and with negative self-rating. In terms of irrational beliefs the Eating Disordered and High Body Dissatisfaction subgroups showed a significantly greater tendency towards Catastrophizing, Low Frustration Tolerance, and Negative self-rating, compared to the controls, without any significant difference between the former two groups. The Eating Disordered subgroup but not the High Body Dissatisfaction subgroup differed significantly from the controls in terms of more Self-directed demands.

The Sport of Avoiding Sports and Exercise: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Emotive Behavior ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Methods

The purpose of this article is to apply the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) perspective to motivation to begin and continue regular exercise or sport involvement. A basic premise is that exercise and sports avoidance are usually motivated by low frustration tolerance and/or irrational fears of failing. The treatment of exercise and sports avoidance by REBT is multimodal, integrative, and involves the use of cognitive, emotive, and behavioral methods. Cognitive methods include disputing irrational beliefs, learning rational coping self-statements, referenting, and reframing. Emotive methods include the use of strong dramatic statements, rational emotive imagery, shame-attacking exercises, and role-playing. Various behavioral methods such as anxiety reducing assignments, operant conditioning, paradoxical homework, and stimulus control are explained. REBT focuses on helping exercise and sport avoiders find their inhibitory demands and change the demands into healthy preferences while promoting unconditional self-acceptance.

scholarly journals Reduced effective emotion regulation in night owls.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and fourty participants (age range 18- 80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depression symptomatology, sleep quality and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated increased expressive suppression and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

scholarly journals Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Korean Tinnitus Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 844-850
Author(s):  
Angela Yun Kim ◽  
Gi-Hwan Ryu ◽  
Hyunseok Choi ◽  
June Choi ◽  
Gi Jung Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Specific Scheme ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analogue Scales

Cognitive behavioral therapy, first introduced by Beck in the 1950s to treat depression by integrating cognitive and behavioral therapies, is now an established psychotherapy technique used to treat insomnia, chronic pain, and anxiety. Currently, cognitive behavioral therapy is widely used to treat tinnitus in European countries, and the efficacy and safety of the treatment have been proven through randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses. Although interest in cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus is increasing in Korea, there are limited reports. Because many studies so far have targeted patients in Western countries, it is difficult to apply the same to domestic patients due to cultural and linguistic differences, the absence of standardized guidelines, and limitations in clinic hours. We experienced various cases in which tinnitus was effectively treated simultaneously with pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, so here we report an introduction to the program along with a literature review. Cognitive behavioral therapy was performed as a 4-week program in our hospital, and progress was evaluated through Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and tinnitus handicap inventory (THI). After each weekly 20-minute individual counseling session, a take-home writing task was given to the patient. The main goal was to guide the patient to discover and correct automatic thoughts related to their tinnitus symptoms. This paper aimed to introduce a specific scheme on how to perform cognitive behavioral therapy for domestic tinnitus patients.

scholarly journals Health Locus of Control in Parents of Children with Leukemia and Associations with Their Life Perceptions and Depression Symptomatology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tremolada ◽  
Livia Taverna ◽  
Sabrina Bonichini ◽  
Maria Caterina Putti ◽  
Marta Pillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Depression Symptomatology

Health locus of control is the set of beliefs a person has about his or her personal influence on health. The current study aimed at identifying types of locus of control in parents of leukemia children and possible association with depressive symptomatology and current life perception. 104 parents were recruited at the Haematology-Oncologic Clinic of Padua post 1 month from the leukemia diagnosis. Participants were Caucasian with a mean age of 37.28 years (SD=5.89), mostly mothers (87.5%) and with a mean of 12.16 years of education (SD=3.82). After signing the informed consent, they filled in the Ladder of Life questionnaire, the BSI-18 and the Parents Health Locus Of Control (PHLOC). Paired-samples t-test (t= -14.42; df=103; p=0.0001) showed that parents of leukemia children were more inclined to have an external locus of control than an internal one. Hierarchical regression analysis model (R2=0.34; F=4.32; p=0.0001) identified health professional influence (ß= -0.28; p=0.004), current life perception (ß= -0.3; p=0.013) and future life perception (ß= -0.26; p=0.012) as significantly predictors on Parental depression. Improving trust in the medical staff care and parental life perceptions could be a preventive program to cope with parental depression symptomatology.

scholarly journals Comparison between the efficiency of pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing captagon (fenethylline) dependence and relapse prevention

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S164-S164
Author(s):  
Mohammed Binnwejim ◽  
Atheer Alhumade ◽  
Deiaaeldin Hosny ◽  
Mohamed Alhabib
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Significant Discrepancy

AimsTo examine the therapeutic efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of Major Captagon (Fenethylline) Dependence.MethodA 41 outpatients males selected for the study, diagnosed as they are suffering from Captagon Dependence according to the DSM-5, with mean age 34.58 ± 5.11. The sample was divided into three experimental groups, (A) (N = 14) treated by cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy in combination. (B) (N = 13) treated by CBT alone. (C) (N = 14) treated by pharmacotherapy alone. All groups were assigned to four measurements, one for the baseline before any treatment interventions, one post-treatment evaluation and two for follow-up within a short and long time. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data collected by SPSS.ResultThere is no significant intra-group differences were found in terms of baseline assessment. There was no significant discrepancy between the first and the second group except in the term of reducing Captagon craving, as it was clearer in the first group in comparison with other groups. There was a clear significant discrepancy between the first and third groups, for all the study variables and it is phases of assessment especially follow-up. There was a clear degree of differences among the second and the third group, through the different phases of post-assessment, which refers to the great efficacy and effectiveness of CBT in Treating Captagon Dependence CBT was proved to be more effective than pharmacotherapy in the treatment of Captagon Dependence. The combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy was more effective than each other alone in the treatment of Captagon Dependence and Relapse Prevention.ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that cognitive–behavioral therapy is an effective intervention method for psychological aspects of automatic thoughts, depression, negative health beliefs, craving, and relapse prevention, although its efficacy in reducing Captagon (Fenethylline) dependence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document