A Psychometric Analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Psychometric performance of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) has not been evaluated in groups of workers. This study evaluated its use in a sample of 843 long-haul truckers. Interitem correlations and Cronbach’s alpha were conducted. Correlation of the ESS with the sleep problems subscale of the Trucker Strain Monitor (TSM) was performed. Dimensionality was evaluated using factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha (.79) was strong. Interitem correlations were significant. A weak but significant correlation between the ESS and TSM sleep problems subscale (r = .18, p = < .001) was shown. Factor analysis yielded two factors that explained 56.2% of scale variance. The ESS performed well in the current sample. It is an inexpensive, time/cost-effective instrument. It should be considered for use in studies of workers in naturalistic settings.

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PEN-13: A New Generic 13-Item Questionnaire for Measuring Patient Enablement (German Version)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16234867 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (23) ◽

pp. 4867 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Achim Siegel ◽

Anna T. Ehmann ◽

Ingo Meyer ◽

Oliver Gröne ◽

Wilhelm Niebling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Survey Instrument ◽

German Version ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Two Factors ◽

Patient Enablement

Background: The purpose of our study was to develop and psychometrically test a German-language survey instrument that measures patient enablement generically and in greater detail than previous instruments. Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed 13 items to capture individual aspects of patient enablement (PEN-13). A pre-test with 26 subjects was followed by a random sample survey of N = 1168 subjects. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in a random split-half sample of the data to explore PEN-13’s factor structure; a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in the validation sample. The internal consistency of the factors was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, PEN-13’s construct validity was checked by means of additional hypothesis testing. Results: The two factors self-management and patient-practitioner interaction, detected in the exploratory analysis, were confirmed with a few modifications in the confirmatory factor analysis, with the comparative fit index (CFI) amounting to 0.903. The Cronbach’s alpha values of those two factors amounted to α = 0.90 and α = 0.82, respectively. The correlations of the PEN-13 score with the ’general self-efficacy’ and ’health literacy’ (HLS-EU-Q16) scores further confirmed its construct validity; the respective correlation coefficients amounted to 0.57 and 0.60. Conclusion: The German version of the survey instrument Patient Enablement Scale—13 items (PEN-13) shows acceptable psychometric properties. Practical implications: PEN-13 seems particularly suitable for health services research purposes. We recommend checking the results in another sample as well as evaluating its responsiveness to enablement-enhancing interventions.

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Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254317

Author(s):

Raziyeh Ghafouri ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh ◽

Faraz Tayyar-Iravanlou ◽

Zahra Rahmaty

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Face Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caring Behaviors ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Two Factors

Background and objectives Nurses’ caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients’ perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients’ social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach’s alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses’ caring behaviors.

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Construct Validation and Reliability Assessment of Tamil Version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Evaluate Daytime Sleepiness among Adolescents in Rural Puducherry, South India

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_168_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 89-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽

Gokul Sarveswaran ◽

Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽

A. Kalaiselvy ◽

Marie Gilbert Majella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Epworth Sleepiness Scale ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

South India ◽

Reliability Coefficient ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

ABSTRACT Background: Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) has been used widely in the assessment of daytime sleepiness for research and clinical purposes. Hence, this study was done to translate the ESS in Tamil and to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Tamil version among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India. Materials and Methods: Translation of the ESS by native language experts and pilot tested with subsample of adolescents. Final Tamil version was administered among 789 Tamil-speaking adolescents in the selected villages of rural Puducherry (union territory in South India). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis through principal component method. Confirmatory factor analysis was done to obtain the goodness-of-fit. Reliability of questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Two factor structures were obtained with Eigenvalues of 3.49 and 1.09, respectively. Both factors accounted for about 57.4% of the variance. Two-factor model assessed by confirmatory factor method found Chi-square value of 215.57 (P < 0.001). Goodness-of-fit revealed acceptable comparative fit indices (0.91). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) for complete ESS was 0.81. Factor-based analysis showed that the Cronbach's reliability coefficient was 0.83 and 0.75 for the first and second factor, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the ESS questionnaire is internally valid and consistent with good reliability coefficient for application in Tamil-speaking rural adolescents. However, further research can be done to content validate the questionnaire with standard diagnostic tool.

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Preliminary factor analysis of the O’Kelly Women Beliefs Scale in a US sample

Universitas Psychologica ◽

10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-2.pfao ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arturo Heman Contreras ◽

Leonor Lega ◽

Monica O´Kelly ◽

Mark J. Friedman ◽

Joshua Feinberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Sex Role ◽

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Varimax Rotation ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Sex Role Stereotyping ◽

The Us ◽

Two Factors

Using a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy framework, the O’Kelly Women Beliefs Scale (O’Kelly, in press) was originally constructed in Australia to measure sex-role beliefs women may develop through sex-role stereotyping. Factor analysis of the 92 original items showed that 64 items loaded into a single component that accounted for 18.2% of the variance in a sample of 974 Australian women. The present exploratory study examined the psychometric properties of the OWBS in a sample of 202 women born and living in the US. A varimax rotation with cutoff eigenvalues of 3, showed that 37 items loaded into 3 components which accounted for 58.48% of the variance. The items were subsequently grouped into two factors: Irrationality, with a total of 27 items was created by merging component 1 and 3 (Pearson’s r = 0.8 between them), and Rationality, with the 10 items from component 2. Analyses indicated a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91 for Factor 1, and a Cronbach’s alpha 0.74 for Factor 2. Results indicate that this version of the instrument may be used to evaluate both the rational and irrational content of sex-role beliefs of women born in the US.

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Adaptation and validation of the Measuring of Treatment Adherence for mental health

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0796 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (suppl 5) ◽

pp. 2243-2250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Letícia de Oliveira Borba ◽

Fernanda Carolina Capistrano ◽

Aline Cristina Zerwes Ferreira ◽

Luciana Puchalski Kalinke ◽

Maria de Fátima Mantovani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Treatment Adherence ◽

Psychosocial Care ◽

Voluntary Action ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Bartlett’S Test ◽

Two Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: to adapt culturally and validate the Measuring Instrument of Treatment Adherence for mental health. Method: methodological study, carried out with 300 individuals with mental disorders, in two Psychosocial Care Centers in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, from April to June 2014. The cross-cultural adaptation was developed according to international recommendations, the construct validation was made by exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency was verified by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: through the evaluation of a committee of experts and completion of the pre-testing, face and content validation was achieved. From the factor analysis, we identified two factors of the instrument’s construct: involuntary action and voluntary action, with a total explanation variance of 55.7%. The value of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was p<0.001. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.74. Conclusion: the adapted and validated instrument proved to be trustworthy to be applied to the verification of adherence to drug therapy for individuals with mental disorders.

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Validation of the Patient-Centred Care Competency Scale Instrument for Finnish Nurses

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11060583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 583

Author(s):

Riitta Suhonen ◽

Katja Lahtinen ◽

Minna Stolt ◽

Miko Pasanen ◽

Terhi Lemetti

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Mean Square ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Patient Centred Care ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Patient-centredness in care is a core healthcare value and an effective healthcare delivery design requiring specific nurse competences. The aim of this study was to assess (1) the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Finnish version of the Patient-centred Care Competency (PCC) scale and (2) Finnish nurses’ self-assessed level of patient-centred care competency. The PCC was translated to Finnish (PCC-Fin) before data collection and analyses: descriptive statistics; Cronbach’s alpha coefficients; item analysis; exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; inter-scale correlational analysis; and sensitivity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were acceptable, high for the total scale, and satisfactory for the four sub-scales. Item analysis supported the internal homogeneity of the items-to-total and inter-items within the sub-scales. Explorative factor analysis suggested a three-factor solution, but the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure (Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) 0.92, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 0.065, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 0.045) with 61.2% explained variance. Analysis of the secondary data detected no differences in nurses’ self-evaluations of contextual competence, so the inter-scale correlations were high. The PCC-Fin was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of nurses’ patient-centred care competence. Rasch model analysis would provide some further information about the item level functioning within the instrument.

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The development of a contextually appropriate measure of psychological distress in Sierra Leone

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00610-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Horn ◽

Kanykey Jailobaeva ◽

Stella Arakelyan ◽

Alastair Ager

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Distress Scale

Abstract Background Studies of psychological distress in Sierra Leone have typically used measures which were developed for use in other contexts, and which often have not been adapted or validated for use in Sierra Leone. This has resulted in a lack of reliable information about the patterns of psychological distress within the population, which is a barrier to the development of effective and appropriate mental health services. The aim of the study was to develop a locally-appropriate measure of psychological distress for Sierra Leone. Methods The new measure consists of two instruments: the Sierra Leone Psychological Distress Scale (SLPDS) and a gendered measure of ability to carry out daily tasks—a Function scale—as an indication of the severity of distress. A three-phase mixed methods exploratory sequential study was conducted. Phase 1 was item generation and testing, leading to the development of a set of potential items for both instruments. Phase 2 was a small pilot study (N = 202) leading to the selection of the final set of items for both measures. Phase 3 was a validation phase where the SLPDS and the Function scale were administered with a larger sample of 904 respondents. Item analysis was used to assess the internal consistency of the scales, and Exploratory Factor Analysis to explore the properties of the SLPDS. Results Exploratory factor analysis using the principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation identified a three-factor structure for the 18-item SLPDS. Internal consistency for the SLPDS (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and three subscales was good (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.73). The internal reliability of the male and female versions of the Function scale was also found to be acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90 for the female scale and 0.79 for the male scale). Conclusions Together the SLPD and Function scales provide a locally-validated tool which will enable government bodies and local and international non-governmental organisations in Sierra Leone to assess mental health and psychosocial needs. This will support both effective service provision and the evaluation of initiatives designed to improve mental health and psychosocial wellbeing.

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Validation of AQoL-8D: a health-related quality of life questionnaire for adult patients referred for otolaryngology

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-021-06689-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anita Obrycka ◽

Jose-Luis Padilla ◽

Artur Lorens ◽

Piotr Henryk Skarzynski ◽

Henryk Skarzynski

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Adult Population ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Content Relevance ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Item Content

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to validate the AQoL-8D questionnaire in the adult population of patients referred to an otolaryngology clinic. Methods AQoL-8D was translated into Polish. 463 patients (age18–80 years) with otolaryngological conditions were assessed with the AQoL-8D, SF-6D, and SWLS questionnaires. We investigated the item content-relevance, factor structure by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, corrected item-total correlations, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation of the AQoL-8D scores with results from SF-6D and from the SWLS questionnaires. Finally, ANOVA was used to test the AQoL-8D ability to group the HRQoL of patients in terms of their otolaryngological management type. Results The median score of item content-relevance was 5.0 for all AQoL-8D items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the following fit indices: Comparative Fit Index = 0.81; Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.80; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.07. Cronbach's alpha for AQoL-8D dimensions ranged from 0.48 to 0.79. Mean item-total correlations over all dimensions, super dimensions, and the instrument overall were higher than 0.3. There was a significant Pearson correlation between the results obtained with AQoL-8D and SF-6D (r = 0.68), and with AQoL-8D and SWLS (r = 0.43). A one-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of management type on HRQoL as measured by AQoL-8D [F(4,458) = 6.12, p < 0.001] Conclusion AQoL-8D provides valid and reliable measures of HRQoL in patients undergoing otolaryngological treatment. Because it is a generic questionnaire, it is possible to make general comparisons of otolaryngology outcomes with those from other subspecialties.

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Assessment of Dementia Knowledge Scale for the Nursing Profession and the General Population: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000517537 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Merve Aliye Akyol ◽

Seher Gönen Şentürk ◽

Burcu Akpınar Söylemez ◽

Özlem Küçükgüçlü

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Content Validity ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Income Status ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Fit Indexes ◽

Knowledge Scale

Background: The incidence of dementia is increasing dramatically worldwide. It is important to determine knowledge about the dementia for it’s prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and care. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-T) were evaluated in this study. Methods: The psychometric study was conducted. A total of 1592 participants were recruited between November 2019 and March 2020. The data were collected using a sociodemographic form and DKAS-T. The language and content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the validity of the scale. The scale’s reliability was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a paired sample t-test, item-total score correlation, and Hotelling’s T-squared test. Results: The mean age of the sample was 29.38 (±11.50) years; 66.8% (n = 1064) were female, and 54.1% (n = 861) reported their income status as income equal to expenditure. The DKAS-T demonstrated content validity and adequate sensitivity (Kendall W = 0.155, p = 0.093). The scale consisted of seventeen items and was unidimensional, which explained 28.705% of the variance. All the factor loadings were found to be >0.30 in factor analysis. In CFA, all of the fit indexes were >0.95 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.033. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.836 was obtained for the entire scale. It was determined that the scale has invariance according to time (t = −1.362, p = 0.181). Homogeneity of the scale was 3.26%, and there was no absence of reaction bias (Hotelling’s T-squared = 2573.681, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the instrument is reliable and generates valid data for the Turkish sample. This scale can be used to determine knowledge about dementia and planning educational interventions in the issue.

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Scale of Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis: A Psychometric Study in Brazil

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773821989800 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382198980

Author(s):

Marta Nunes Lira ◽

Clemente Neves Sousa ◽

Maria Carolina Medeiros Wanderley ◽

Natália Ramos Costa Pessoa ◽

Kelly Cristiane Rocha Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Content Validity ◽

Self Care ◽

The Self ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Scale for the Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis. Cross-sectional validation study, followed the recommendation provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses used to check validity and Cronbach’s alpha was the reliability measure. Three hundred hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula were included in the study. The expert committee assessed the content validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the same two-factor structure found for the original scale, explaining 60.10% of the variance. Such solution was checked by confirmatory factor analysis with Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0.920, 0.810, and 0.884 for the overall scale, the self-care in management of signs and symptoms and the self-care in prevention of complications subscales respectively. The scale has good psychometric properties to assess self-care behaviors and can be used with Brazilian patients on hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistula.

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