Prevalence and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence in Canada as Measured by the National Victimization Survey

Partner Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lysova ◽  
Eugene Emeka Dim ◽  
Donald Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

National victimization surveys that conceptualize intimate partner violence (IPV) as crime can contribute to a better understanding of the most severe forms of victimization in the intimate partner relationship. Based on the 2014 Canadian General Social Survey on Victimization, this study examined the prevalence of victimization resulted from physical and/or sexual IPV, controlling behaviors and also consequences of IPV for both men and women in a sample representative of the Canadian population. Given the paucity of research on male victims of IPV at the national population level, this article specifically discussed the experiences of men who reported violence perpetrated by their female intimate partners. Results showed that 2.9% of men and 1.7% of women reported experiencing physical and/or sexual IPV in their current relationships in the last 5 years. In addition, 35% of male and 34% of female victims of IPV experienced high controlling behaviors—the most severe type of abuse known as intimate terrorism. Moreover, 22% of male victims and 19% of female victims of IPV were found to have experienced severe physical violence along with high controlling behaviors. Although female victims significantly more often than male victims reported the injuries and short-term emotional effects of IPV (e.g., fear, depression, anger), there was no significant difference in the experience of the most long-term effects of spousal trauma—posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms. This article argues that future research should explain the increased gap in reporting of the IPV victimization among men compared to women.

Coercive Controlling Behaviors and Reporting Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Women: An Exploration

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098593
Author(s):  
Brittany Patafio ◽  
Peter Miller ◽  
Arlene Walker ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Differential Utility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

This study explores two approaches to measuring coercive controlling behaviors (CCBs)—counting how many different CCB types and examining the frequency of each CCB experienced—to examine their utility in explaining the relationship between CCBs and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Australian women aged 18–68 years ( n = 739; Mage = 31.58, SDage = 11.76) completed an online survey. Count and frequency CCB approaches yielded similar significant associations with increased physical IPV. Both approaches suggest that frightening behaviors in particular are significantly indicative of also experiencing physical IPV; however, when you count CCB types, public name-calling becomes important, whereas when you examine the frequency of each CCB type, jealousy/possessiveness becomes important. These findings suggest differential utility between measures of CCBs, which examine the frequency of specific CCB types and which count CCB types, and that both approaches are useful in understanding how coercion and control relate to physical violence within intimate relationships.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence: Controlling Behavior and Triggers of Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Monteiro de Castro Bhona ◽  
Carla Ferreira de Paula Gebara ◽  
Ana Regina Noto ◽  
Lélio Moura Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Controlling Behavior ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Abstract It is necessary to better understand the context in which intimate partner violence occurs. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of physical violence between intimate partners, based on the reports of women involved in these situations, by identifying the circumstances in which the physical violence occurs and the presence of controlling behavior in these relationships. We conducted a community survey using probabilistic sampling (144 women), administering the following instruments: socio-demographic questionnaire, CTS2, AUDIT. Fifty-seven women of our sample reported episodes of physical violence and were invited to participate in a semi-structured qualitative interview. Most of the reports obtained in the interviews did not confirm the episodes of physical violence initially identified by the scale, showing disagreements between the research instruments. Personal characteristics of the perpetrator of the violence, male alcohol use and aspects of the affective relationship were identified as important triggers of intimate partner violence. Controlling behaviors in combination with physical violence revealed varying degrees of domination occurring in the dyads.

Intimate Partner Violence Among Persons With Mental Health-Related Disabilities in Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091258
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Brownridge ◽  
Tamara Taillieu ◽  
Marcelo L. Urquia ◽  
Alexandra Lysova ◽  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study examined the elevated risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) among persons with mental health-related disabilities (MH-RD) and the extent to which known risk factors accounted for this phenomenon. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 33,127 Canadians collected in 2014 as part of Statistics Canada’s General Social Survey. Results showed that respondents with MH-RD had more than three-fold increased odds of both overall and severe IPV victimization. Although females were more likely to possess a MH-RD, males and females with MH-RD reported similarly elevated odds of IPV victimization. Risk factors that contributed to a significant reduction in elevated odds of IPV for respondents with MH-RD were child maltreatment (CM), respondents’ nonprescription drug abuse, and perpetrators’ jealous, monitoring, and socially isolating behaviors. The inability to test additional risk factors and bidirectionality in the relationship between MH-RD and IPV may have contributed to the failure to fully account for these respondents’ elevated odds of IPV. Future research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms contributing to the elevated risk of IPV and enhance prevention and intervention strategies for this underresearched and underserved vulnerable population.

Identifying Potential Challenges to Providing Emergency Advocacy Services to Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ron Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Qualitative Component

Acknowledging that intimate partner violence (IPV) is not exclusively limited to female victims is an important step toward addressing the needs of male victims. Just as important is the need to identify potential challenges which agencies offering emergency advocacy services must overcome to successfully provide assistance to men. The study used a mixed methods research model to identify and evaluate challenges faced by agencies related to providing emergency advocacy services to male victims. This article discusses the qualitative component of that study in which potential challenges were identified through interviews with IPV experts nationwide. The findings of the qualitative component of the full study were then used to create a survey for the quantitative phase, which was later administered to agencies in California that provide emergency advocacy services.

Severity of Victimization and Formal Help Seeking Among Men Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence in Their Ongoing Relationships

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092235
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lysova ◽  
Eugene E. Dim
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study examined the severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by men in their ongoing relationships and their help-seeking behavior with the criminal justice system and other professional agencies. This study also examined the extent to which socio-demographic variables predicted formal help seeking among male victims of IPV. Data were drawn from 2009 and 2014 cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey on Victimization with a nationally representative sample of 52,400 respondents. It is estimated that about 655,400 men in Canada reported having experienced physical and/or sexual victimization due to IPV in married/common-law relationships at the time of the surveys between 2004 and 2014. The latent class analysis generated four types of IPV victimization among men. Among male victims of physical and/or sexual IPV, about 64,000 men experienced the most severe type of IPV characterized by chronic and severe physical and psychological violence with a high probability of injuries and negative emotional effects of IPV. Although most of the male victims of IPV did not seek formal help (e.g., did not contact the police and IPV services), the severity of experienced violence was associated with the increased use of formal services. Some structural factors, such as being unemployed and residing with young children, were found to be substantial barriers to contacting formal agencies for help. Our findings highlight the need for the development of gender-inclusive and gender-sensitive public policy and intervention programs that help all victims of IPV regardless of victim gender.

scholarly journals Sexual Violence as a Form of Abuse in Men’s Experiences of Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-595
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bates ◽  
Siobhan Weare
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

The issue of men’s sexual victimization in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) where the perpetrator is female has received minimal attention. This article brings together and analyses data from two empirical studies conducted in the United Kingdom—one exploring men’s experiences of being forced-to-penetrate women and another investigating men’s experiences of female-perpetrated IPV. Analysis of the data found that men experienced sexual violence alongside a range of other abusive behaviors, but that there was a clear relationship between the sexual violence and physical violence/ force, and coercive and controlling behaviors that they experienced. These novel insights improve our understanding about men’s sexual and domestic violence victimization, as well as challenge gender and sex-role stereotypes around men and masculinity and the (im)possibility of them experiencing sexual and domestic abuse from a female partner.

scholarly journals Males as victims of intimate partner violence — results from a clinical-forensic medical examination centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenia Wörmann ◽  
Sandra Wilmes ◽  
Dragana Seifert ◽  
Sven Anders
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Case Characteristics

AbstractOnly few studies have reported on males as victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) so far. The aim of the present study is to analyse frequency and case characteristics of physical violence against male IPV victims examined in a clinical-forensic medical examination centre for victims of violence in Germany over an 11-year period, contributing to a better understanding of IPV in men. Male victims represented 6.2% of IPV cases (n = 167) with a median age of 40 years. Cases were reported to the police in 78.4% before medicolegal examination. In 60.5% of the cases, the perpetrator was the current partner, and 82% occurred in a domestic environment with a predominance of female offenders. In more than half of the cases (57.5%), the victims consulted the examination centre without prior healthcare utilisation. About one-third of the victims reported previous IPV (31.7%). The findings point to the relevance of men as victims of IPV, case group–specific risk factors, injury-dependent behaviour related to healthcare utilisation, the need to establish or strengthen specialised support services for affected men and underscore the importance of clinical-forensic services in documenting and assessing violence-related injuries.

Victim Gender, Rater Attitudes, and Rater Violence History Influence Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Erickson ◽  
Melissa Jonnson ◽  
Jennifer I. Langille ◽  
Zach Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Victim Sex ◽  
Male To Female

Perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) have been proposed to play a role in the stigmatization and underreporting of violence by individuals who are victimized by intimate partners, especially in cases that are inconsistent with the male-to-female IPV paradigm. We examined the independent and combined influences of victim and perpetrator sex, attitudes toward gender roles, and history of IPV perpetration on perceptions of IPV among 240 college students. We employed a vignette methodology to manipulate perpetrator and victim sex in a fully crossed design. Results indicate that violence perpetrated against males is perceived as less serious and more justified, and male victims are perceived to be more blameworthy than female victims. Traditional gender role attitudes and histories of IPV perpetration are associated with greater blaming of victims and justification of perpetrators across contexts.

scholarly journals Exposure to family violence from childhood to adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Shields ◽  
Lil Tonmyr ◽  
Wendy E. Hovdestad ◽  
Andrea Gonzalez ◽  
Harriet MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Both childhood maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are public health problems that have been related to a wide range of adverse health consequences. However, studies examining associations between specific types of CM and experiencing IPV in adulthood have yielded conflicting results. Methods Using data from 10,608 men and 11,458 women aged 18 or older from Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey, we examined associations between three types of CM—childhood physical abuse (CPA), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and childhood exposure to IPV —and subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood (physical, sexual or emotional). Results When potential confounders were controlled, CPA, CSA and childhood exposure to IPV were associated with IPV in adulthood for both sexes (odds ratios, 1.7, 1.8 and 2.0 for men, and 2.2, 2.0 and 2.1 for women). When severity and frequency of CM were examined, a dose-response relationship between all three types of CM and IPV in adulthood was observed among women (meaning that as the severity/frequency of CM increased, the likelihood of reporting IPV also increased); among men, a dose-response relationship was observed only for CPA. Conclusions The association between CM and IPV in adulthood is particularly concerning because experiencing multiple forms of trauma has cumulative effects. Lifespan studies have shown that individuals who experience multiple incidents of abuse exhibit the highest levels of impairment. This underscores the importance of programs to eradicate both CM and IPV. This underscores the importance of programs to eradicate both CM and IPV. Future research should focus on assessing interventions designed to promote healthy relationships and the provision of emotional support and coping mechanisms to children and families in abusive situations.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence: A Predictive Analysis of IPV by Child Abuse and Domestic Violence Exposure During Early Childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 903-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunzee Jung ◽  
Todd I. Herrenkohl ◽  
Martie L. Skinner ◽  
Jungeun Olivia Lee ◽  
J. Bart Klika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Domestic Violence Exposure

This study focused on gender differences in the prediction of adult intimate partner violence (IPV) by subtypes of child abuse and children’s exposure to IPV. Latent classes of adult IPV consisted of a no violence (20.3%), a psychological violence only (46.2%), a psychological and sexual violence (9.2%), a multitype violence and intimidation (6.8%), and a psychological and physical violence with low intimidation class (17.5%). Physical–emotional child abuse and domestic violence exposure predicted a higher likelihood of multitype violence for males. Sexual abuse predicted a higher likelihood of this same class for females. Implications for future research and prevention are discussed.

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