The used of chopped banana Musa paradisiaca stem for stimulating immune responses and streptococcosis resistance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

ABSTRACT Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria, is a type of disease that often found in Nile tilapia farming. This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of the concentration and frequency of giving chopped banana stem as the immunostimulant to stimulate the non‒specific immune system of tilapia against S. agalactiae infection. This study used factorial completely randomized design, consisted of two factors: concentration and changing frequency (replacement time interval) of banana stem on Nile tilapia rearing media with 11 treatment and each treatment was given three replications. The concentration of 5 g/L, 10 g/L and 15 g/L and the three days, seven days and no replacement time interval were used in this study. The immersion treatment with the chopped banana stem was done for 14 days, then the challenge test with S. agalactiae was on the 15th day for 14 days observation. The result showed that chopped banana stem contained active compounds of alkaloids, namely: 17.63% flavonoids, 0.02% tannin and 0.24% saponins. This active compounds could increase the non-specific immune system including respiratory burst, lysozyme activity, phagocyte activity, erythrocyte, leucocyte and haemoglobin. Treatment with a concentration of 5 g/L and no replacement of the chopped banana stem was the best treatment with 75% relative percent survival, highest than other treatments. In addition, it also has highest phagocytes (36.3%), respiratory burst (0.58 at O.D. 630), and lysozyme activity (72.7 unit/mL) after four days challenged with S. agalactiae. Keywords: Banana stem, immunostimulant, Nile tilapia, non-specific immune system, Streptococcus agalatiae ABSTRAK Penyakit Streptococcosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae merupakan jenis penyakit yang sering ditemukan pada budidaya ikan nilaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi dan frekuensi pergantian cacahan batang pisang sebagai imunostimulan yang optimum sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh ikan nila terhadap serangan penyakit streptococcosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri S. agalactiae. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi dan frekuensi pergantian cacahan batang pisang pada media pemeliharaan ikan dengan 11 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Konsentras batang pisang yang digunakan yaitu 5 g/L, 10 g/L dan 15 g/L, sedangkan frekuensi pergantian batang pisang dalam penelitian ini yaitu tiga hari, tujuh hari dan tanpa pergantian batang pisang. Perlakuan perendaman dengan cacahan batang pisang dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian dilakukan uji tantang dengan bakteri S. agalactiae pada hari ke-15 selama 14 hari pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cacahan batang pisang ambon mengandung senyawa aktif berupa alkaloid, flavonoid (17,63%), tanin (0,02%) dan saponin (0,24%). Senyawa aktif tersebut mampu meningkatkan respons imun non-spesifik pada ikan nila yaitu respiratory burst, aktivitas lisozim, aktivitas fagositik, total leukosit, total eritrosit dan hemoglobin. Perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 5 g/L dan tanpa pergantian cacahan batang pisang merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan nilai relative percent survival (RPS) mencapai 70%, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Selain itu, perlakuan ini memiliki nilai tertinggi pada aktivitas fagositik (36,6%), respiratory burst (0,58 pada O.D. 630 nm) dan aktivitas lisozim (72,7 Unit/mL) setelah hari ke‒4 uji tantang dengan bakteri S. agalactiae. Kata kunci: batang pisang, ikan nila, imunostimulan, respons imun, Streptococcus agalactiae

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Different via to apply the Gamaxine® commercial biopromoter to Nile tilapia evaluating the immune system responses to Streptococcus agalactiae Ib

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.01.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 503 ◽

pp. 254-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marco Shizuo Owatari ◽

Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus ◽

Lucas Cardoso ◽

Tamiris Henrique Ferreira ◽

José Victor Safadi Ferrarezi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Nile Tilapia

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The screen herbal immunopotentiator and research on its effect on the innate immune system and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 541 ◽

pp. 736778

Author(s):

Ze-Hao Ding ◽

Jia-Ming Hong ◽

Wei-Liang Guo ◽

Gui-Hua Li ◽

Zi-Chen Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Immune System ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

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Pre-treatment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with ozone nanobubbles improve efficacy of heat-killed Streptococcus agalactiae immersion vaccine

10.1101/2021.12.13.472363 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Linh Vu Nguyen ◽

Dien Thanh Le ◽

Pattiya Sangpo ◽

Saengchan Senapin ◽

Anat Thapinta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Bacterial Antigen ◽

Fish Pathogens ◽

Effective Response ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Percent Survival ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Pre Treatment

Nanobubble technology has shown appealing technical benefits and potential applications in aquaculture. We recently found that treatment with ozone nanobubbles (NB-O3) activated expression of several immune-related genes leading to effective response to subsequent exposure to fish pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether pre-treatment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with NB-O3 can enhance specific immune responses and improve efficacy of immersion vaccination against Streptococcus agalactiae. Spleen and head kidney of fish in the vaccinated groups showed a substantial upregulation in expression levels of three immunoglobulin classes (IgM, IgD, and IgT) compared with the unvaccinated control groups. At day 21 post-immunization, the relative expression was greatest (approx. 3.2 to 4.1 folds). Both systemic and mucosal IgM antibodies were elicited in vaccinated groups. As the result, the cumulative survival rate of the vaccinated groups was found to be higher than that of the unvaccinated groups, with a relative percent survival (RPS) ranging from 52.9-70.5%. However, fish in the vaccinated groups that received pre-treatment with NB-O3, bacterial antigen uptakes, expression levels of IgM, IgD, and IgT, as well as the specific-IgM antibody levels and percent survival, were all slightly or significantly higher than that of the vaccinated group without pre-treatment with NB-O3. Taken together, our findings suggest that utilizing pre-treatment with NB-O3 may improve the immune response and efficacy of immersion vaccination in Nile tilapia.

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KOMBINASI SIRIH DAN KIPAHIT SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT Streptococcosis PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.39-47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Nunak Nafiqoh ◽

Septyan Andriyanto ◽

Hessy Novita ◽

Desy Sugiani ◽

Taukhid Taukhid

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Research Direction ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Active Compounds

Serangan penyakit yang paling banyak ditemui menyerang kegiatan budidaya ikan nila adalah bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae sebagai salah satu agen penyakit Streptococcosis. Peningkatan sistem imun dari ikan yang dibudidayakan merupakan cara yang efektif untuk menanggulangi masalah tersebut. Salah satu fungsi tanaman obat adalah sebagai imunostimulan, di mana sistem imun akan meningkat terutama saat mengalami wabah penyakit ikan. Penelitian ini di tujukan untuk mengetahui efek penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak tanaman sirih dan kipahit dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap respons imun bawaan dari ikan nila. Dosis yang digunakan adalah 1%, 2%, 4%, dan 8% per kg pakan pemberian pakan dilakukan selama empat minggu, diikuti dengan uji tantang menggunakan bakteri patogen S. agalactiae. Meskipun tidak terlihat perbedaan yang nyata, namun rerata respons imun hematokrit, eritrosit, leukosit, fagositik oksidase, dan lisosim pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan nilai yang yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perbedaan yang signifikan ditunjukkan oleh sintasan, di mana kelompok perlakuan mempunyai nilai sintasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh kandungan bahan aktif yang terdapat dalam tanaman obat. Sehingga penggunaannya mampu bertindak sebagai sebagai upaya pencegahan dari infeksi bakteri patogen S. agalactiae. Perlu diketahui juga apakah kombinasi yang digunakan mampu bertindak untuk terapi (pengobatan).Streptococcosis disease in nile tilapia culture is caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, a bacterium commonly found in freshwater systems. Vaccines and probiotics have been used to prevent the disease outbreaks. However, increasing the innate immune system of cultured fish is more effective in preventing the disease. Medicinal plants have immunostimulant properties, which could be used as an alternative prevention measure against Streptococcosis. This research aimed to determine the effects of betel and kipahit combination as immunostimulant against S. agalactiae in nile tilapia. The combinations consisted of four different doses of 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8% of the plants’ extracts per kg of feed. Feeding experiment was carried out for four weeks, followed by a challenge test using the pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae. Despite no observable significant differences, haematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, phagocytic oxidase, and lysozyme in the treatment group showed higher values than the control. The treatment groups also had better survival rates than the control group. These results indicate the presence of active compounds within the medicinal plants. In conclusion, supplementation of the plants’ active compounds in feed has the potential as immunostimulant agents in tilapia to prevent Streptococcosis disease caused by pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae. Determining the capability of this plant combination as a therapeutic agent against S. agalactiaeis an interesting future research direction to be pursued.

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