scholarly journals A Changed Taxonomy Of Retail Financial Ratios

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1080
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Zeller ◽  
John Kostolansky ◽  
Michail Bozoudis
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Inventory Turnover ◽  
Return On Sales

Thirty-five years ago researchers established a taxonomy of retail financial ratios. During the intervening period, extensive changes in retailing practices have been accompanied by equally extensive changes in financial reporting, marketing and management methods. Financial reporting standards have adapted to reflect these new domestic and international business practices, while technological innovation has produced continually evolving hardware and software advancements. This study investigates the extent to which the taxonomy of retail financial ratios has changed and, if justified, will establish a revised taxonomy. It extends prior work in two ways. First, it utilizes advanced statistical methodologies and computing technologies to provide a more discriminating investigation than previous researchers were capable of conducting. Second, this study investigates the current taxonomy of retail industry financial ratios as well as its stability over a ten-year period. Our findings identify a shift in the retail sector taxonomy of financial ratios. Empirical analysis points to a taxonomy consisting of five factors: capital intensiveness, cash position, inventory turnover, return on assets-return on sales, and return on equity-leverage. Contrary to expectations, a separate operating cash flow factor was not identified, despite the emergence of a mandatory cash flow statement during the intervening period. These findings provide an empirical basis to formulate testable hypotheses regarding the predictive and descriptive utility of retail financial ratios.

scholarly journals International financial reporting standards (IFRS) adoption and oil & gas companies performance in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Abdullahi ◽  
Musa Yelwa Abubakar ◽  
Sunusi Sa’ Ad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Mandatory Adoption ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

This study investigates the effect of IFRS adoption on the performance of oil and gas marketing companies in Nigeria. The study utilise financial statements of a sample of eight (8) oil and gas companies operating in the country. These companies were purposively selected due to availability of data. Firms’ performance was proxied by Profit Margin (PM), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) ratios and were considered as dependent variables to be determined by reporting regime (RR) as independent variable. While Current Ratio (CR), quick Test (QT), Total Debt Ratio (TDR) Earnings per Share (EPS) and Equity Debt Ratio (EDR) are use as control variables. The ratios were computed and compared for 4 years (2010 to 2011) before mandatory IFRS adoption and 2012 to 2013 often mandatory adoption OLS, regression with help of eviews 9 was employed for the analysis. The study reveals IFRS adoption has not improved the performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The paper recommended that, oil and gas companies should continue to comply with provisions of IFRS as it will improve their reporting quality which may also improve their performance as result of more investment flow, easy access to capital and comparability.

scholarly journals LIFO Distortion in the Oil Industry – Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
June Li ◽  
Megan Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Inventory Turnover ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Inventory Method

LIFO (Last in First out) inventory method has been widely used by US publicly traded companies for its tax advantages in many years. However, LIFO is expected to be repealed with the impending acceptance ofIFRS(the International Financial Reporting Standards) by theSEC. The repeal of LIFO will significantly increase the tax liabilities of those companies previously using LIFO. One hardest hit industry by repeal of LIFO is oil industry. Our study investigates the use of LIFO inventory method in oil industry from 2008 through 2015. The primary focus of this study is the accounting information distortion as a result of using LIFO. We document severe accounting information distortion in the areas of working capital and inventory turnover. Though not as severe, we also observe very significant distortions in the areas of gross profit and current ratio. The accounting information gets increasingly distorted from 2008 to 2011. However the trend reverses from 2012 to 2015. Each of the Obama administration’s budgets proposals proposed the elimination of LIFO for inventories. We believe the findings of our research have significant implications for the policy makers. In addition, a full adoption ofIFRS, which prohibits LIFO, is unlikely in the near future. Non-public companies who are not under the jurisdiction of theSECmay still continue to use LIFO after the adoption of IFRS. 

scholarly journals Cash flow ratios in financial statements: an application for stone and land based industry sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furkan Yıldırım ◽  
Burcu Ilgaz Yıldırım ◽  
Serap Alkaya
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Cash Flow Statement

International Financial Reporting Standards (UFRS) has made publishing cash flow statement mandatory, along with balance and income statement. In Turkey, Turkey Accounting Standards Board has published TMS 7 that is compatible with UFRS. TMS 7 requires that cash flow statement be documented in an action-based format. There are some studies discussing the effectiveness of action based cash flow statements for the use of analysis. Cash flow ratios have been used more frequently in financial performance assessment after UFRS made cash flow statement publishing mandatory. Cash flow ratio analysis requires the cash flow ratios to be calculated and interpreted. After the analysis, the action results of the company is assessed based on financial performance.  In this study, the cash flow ratio analysis of stocks of stone and land based industrial companies on ISE between 2012 and 2014. The purpose of this study is to assess the various dimensions of the companies performances using cash flow ratios.Keywords: Cash flow, ratios, financial analysis, finance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Financial Performance of Tourism Companies Traded in BIST via a Hybrid MCDM Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Ahmet Aytekin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
Inventory Turnover ◽  
Equity Ratio

Tourism, the smokeless industry, has increasing importance in the development of countries because it creates added-value and employment. In Turkey, one of the World's most visited countries, the importance of this sector makes itself felt in economic crisis periods. On the other hand, in terms of investors, tourism companies always have the potential to be included in their portfolios. In this context, the aim of this study evaluates the financial performances of tourism companies publicly traded in BIST. For this purpose, the data of 2014-2018 were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Datastream database. The current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio, debt ratio, total debt/equity ratio, net margin, return on equity, interest coverage ratio, total asset turnover, inventory turnover, and receivable turnover were used as financial ratios. The CRITIC method, one of the objective weighting methods, was applied to determine the importance level of financial ratios. A hybrid model consisting of MAUT, PROMETHEE and TOPSIS was used for evaluation of the companies. These techniques are based on different perspectives and algorithms. In this model, Borda was applied for aggregation of each techniques' ranking values. Thus, the financial performance of the tourism companies for the years 2014-2018 was evaluated more effectively. In conclusion, the company with the best financial performance is Marmaris Altınyunus (MAALT) in this period.

An IFRS-based taxonomy of financial ratios

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zeller ◽  
John Kostolansky ◽  
Michail Bozoudis
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Differences

Purpose This study aims to identify a taxonomy of financial ratios derived from financial statements prepared using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The work first empirically establishes and then statistically validates the taxonomy of financial attributes captured in financial ratios. In 2005, the European Commission required that publicly traded companies in the European Union use IFRS as the basis for financial reporting. In the same year, Australia adopted IFRS as a basis for financial reporting. Since then, 120 countries and reporting jurisdictions have adopted IFRS as the basis for financial reporting. Given that IFRS predominate in the financial reporting world, it seems essential to establish and validate IFRS-based ratio attributes. Only then can reliance upon and comparability of these ratios be warranted (Altman and Eisenbeis, 1978). Using principle component analysis, the authors empirically identify nine stable attributes (factors) for ratios drawn from IFRS-based financial statements from 84 counties. The findings provides an empirical basis to formulate testable hypotheses regarding the predictive and descriptive utility of financial ratios draw from IFRS-based financial statements. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins with a broad category of IFRS-based financial ratios, 50, found in practice and research, including income statement, balance sheet, cash flow, profitability and liquidity measures. Then, a sample of companies from the manufacturing sector is segmented using IFRS as a basis of financial statement reporting. Next, principal component analysis, a method of factor analysis, is applied to empirically identify factors and financial attributes captured in financial ratios used in research inquiry and financial analysis. Findings The authors find that the financial attributes captured by IFRS-based ratios go well beyond the traditional measures of profitability, liquidity and solvency. The authors identify nine factors that are interpretable and stable over the period, 2011-2015: asset relationship, asset turnover, capital structure, expense insight, fixed asset usage, inventory turnover, liquidity, profitability margin and performance return. Interestingly, the authors did not find a separate cash flow factor. Most importantly, the results corroborate that IFRS-based ratios are consistent and comparable, despite innate country differences that have been shown to influence the application, interpretation and use of IFRS. Research limitations/implications The efforts are limited to the manufacturing sector. The financial attributes may be different in service, distribution and retail sectors. Also, limiting the effort are the ratios selected in this study. A broader range of ratios may widen the identification of unique stable factors over time. Practical implications The findings provide a basis for research and analysis efforts regarding the validity, comparability and stability of IFRS-based financial ratios. Most importantly, the results corroborate that IFRS-based ratios are consistent and comparable, despite innate country differences that have been shown to influence the application, interpretation and use of IFRS. The findings should be of interest to international and national financial reporting standard setters, investors and analysts. Originality/value An empirically evidenced classification system for IFRS-based financial ratios has yet to be determined based on a financial statements across a wide breadth of countries and reporting jurisdictions. Identification of stable interpretable factors, financial attributes, has been limited. The first is that inquiry has been limited to domestic-based, such as US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, financial ratios. The second is inquiry has been limited to IFRS-based financial ratios within a specific country.

scholarly journals Detection of Fraudulent Financial Statement based on Ratio Analysis in Indonesia Banking using Support Vector Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Yuliant Sibaroni ◽  
Muhammad Novario Ekaputra ◽  
Sri Suryani Prasetiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Fraudulent Financial Statements

This study proposes the use of ratio analysis-based features combined with the SVM classifier to identify fraudulent financial statements. The detection method used in this study applies a data mining classification approach. This method is expected to replace the expert in forensic accounting in identifying fraudulent financial statements that are usually done manually. The experimental results show that the proposed classifier model and ratio analysis-based features provide more than 90% accuracy results where the optimal number of features based on ratio analysis is 5 features, namely Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), (ANPB) to total earning assets and non-earning assets (ANP), Impairment provision on earning assets (CKPN) to earning assets, Return on Asset (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The contribution of the study is to complement the research of fraudulent financial statements detection where the classifier method used here is different compare to other research. The selection of banking cases in Indonesia is also unique in this research which distinguishes it from other research because the financial reporting standards in each country can be different. 

scholarly journals The influence of the development of accounting standards to preserve sustainability: Literature Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abousamak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to investigate the relationship between the impact of the development of accounting pronouncements and the extent to which accounting can or should contribute to the pursuit of economic & social developments, and the sustainable development of an organization, and the contradiction between sustainability and accounting practices based on traditional financial reporting standards. It has been argued that the current accounting standards represent an attempt to present a ‘true and fair’ view. Design/methodology/approach: The study is essentially a literature review study that seeks to discuss a number of implicit assumptions within traditional accounting by IASB. Findings: Regulatory reports on the social and environmental dimension, particularly sustainability reports, demonstrate that accounting pronouncements, while trying to report on the environmental and social dimensions, suffer from some imbalance that has omitted environmental destruction and eroded any realistic concept of social justice. Practical implications: In this sense, this study seeks to demonstrate this contradiction and the strong and fundamental implications that this implies for traditional financial reporting and insignificant adjustments to these reports through "new models of regulatory reporting. Originality/value: The study highlights the disregard of external factors as a major obstacle to the sustainability report and proposes accounting and tax designs to identify costs associated with external factors as a basis for fair reporting, pricing and sustainable business practices.

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