Research on Multi-dimensional Data Collaborative Virtual Inventory Based on Markov

The three-dimensional elevated warehouse is a production equipment, and it is inevitable that it will malfunction during the operation. If it is not handled properly, there will be inconsistencies between information and practice, resulting in inconsistency between inventory information and the actual product. In order to solve the above problems, this project team carried out functional research on various SQL tables of multi-dimensional data collaboration, and constructed a virtual inventory method based on Markov multi-dimensional data collaboration. The behavioral characteristics of the cargo location information in the cargo location table TWMS_LOC and the pallet status table TWMS_PLT are extracted, and the two are compared. If the deviation between the two exceeds the threshold, the status is judged to be no cargo information. Experiments are conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the sentences of the proposed virtual inventory. The results show that the inventory method can better describe the status of the cargo location and information, and effectively realize the virtual inventory at the database level. The research results of this method will completely replace the complicated manual inventory business. It can provide accurate and efficient virtual inventory solutions for similar logistics elevated warehouses.

Potential and distribution of Vitex sp and Peronema canescens jack as anti –COVID 19 plants in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Vitex sp and Peronema canescens Jack have long been known by local people in East Kalimantan Province as traditional medicines for fever, cold, diarrhea, hypertension and malaria. Now it is widely used as an alternative medicine for Covid 19 whose symptoms are fever and colds. Although the use of anti-Covid-19 drugs should be studied further, it is very important to know information on the potential and distribution of Vitex sp and Peronema canescens Jack in East Kalimantan. This research was conducted by collecting vegetation data from the seedling level to the tree level, using inventory method on research plots that were established scattered on secondary dryland forest cover in East Kalimantan with purposive sampling technique measuring 20 x 100 meters. The results showed there were 54 individuals of Vitex sp with 36 individuals at the tree level, 16 individuals at the pole level and 2 individuals at the sapling level. Based on density, the distribution of Vitex sp commonly found at the pole vegetation level. Peronema canescens Jack totaled 66 individuals with details of 29 individuals at the tree level, 25 individuals at the pole level, 7 individuals at the sapling level and there were 5 individuals at the seedling level. Based on density, the distribution of Peronema canescens Jack was found at the seedling and sapling levels. The stand volume of Vitex sp is 19.66 m3, with the average of potential volume of 3.61 m3 ha−1 and the highest potential is at the pole level. The stand volume of Peronema canescens Jack is 8.99 m3, with an average of potential volume of 3.22 m3 ha−1, and the highest potential is at the pole level at 5.26 m3 ha−1. The presence of Vitex sp and Peronema canescens Jack trees in secondary dryland forest in East Kalimantan can be a genetic resource for the cultivation of Vitex sp and Peronema canescens Jack trees as anti-COVID 19 plants in East Kalimantan.

Investment and Decapitalization in the Fishing Industry: The Case of the Spanish Crustacean Freezer Trawler Fleet

The objective of this work is to estimate the capital stock invested in the Spanish freezer trawler fleet dedicated to the capture of crustaceans on the African coast, for the period from 1964 to 2019. The importance of having methods for the correct measurement of the capital invested in a fishing fleet is to be able to express in monetary terms the excess catch capacity, which is a signal of overexploitation of a fishery, that is, the fleet operates at a level of effort or capacity higher than the minimum amount required to capture the desired quantity at the lowest possible cost. Following a methodology based on the permanent inventory method, we obtained a model that explains the construction value of a fishing vessel as a function of its technical characteristics. The market value in successive sales was estimated as a function of the construction value, the age of vessel and other variables. In this way, we estimated the value that the market assigns to the possible increases in individual fishing capacity and the decrease in value derived from the technical obsolescence of the vessels. Finally, we calculated the gross and net investment series and net capital stock.

Determining Statistically Robust Changes in Ungulate Browsing Pressure as a Basis for Adaptive Wildlife Management

Ungulate browsing has a major impact on the composition and structure of forests. Repeatedly conducted, large-scale regeneration inventories can monitor the extent of browsing pressure and its impacts on forest regeneration development. Based on the respective results, the necessity and extent of wildlife management activities such as hunting, fencing, etc., can be identified at a landscape scale. However, such inventories have rarely been integrated into wildlife management decision making. In this article, we evaluate a regeneration inventory method which was carried out in the Bavarian Forest National Park between 2007 and 2018. We predict the browsing impact by calculating browsing probabilities using a logistic mixed effect model. To provide wildlife managers with feedback on their activities, we developed a test which can assess significant changes in browsing probability between different inventory periods. To find the minimum observable browsing probability change, we simulated ungulate browsing based on the data of a potential browsing indicator species (Sorbus aucuparia) in the National Park. Sorbus aucuparia is evenly distributed, commonly found, selectively browsed and meets the ecosystem development objectives in our study area. We were able to verify a browsing probability change down to ±5 percentage points with a sample size of about 1,000 observations per inventory run. In view of the size of the National Park and the annual fluctuations in browsing pressure, this estimation accuracy seems sufficient. In seeking the maximal cost-efficiency, we were able to reduce this sample size in a sensitivity analysis by about two thirds without severe loss of information for wildlife management. Based on our findings, the presented inventory method combined with our evaluation tool has the potential to be a robust and efficient instrument to assess the impact of herbivores that are in the National Park and other regions.

Pengendalian Stok Spareparts Mobil Dengan Metode EOQ dan Min-Max Inventory

This research was conducted in the distributor of car spare parts and the object studied was car glass glue. This item is a product that experiences a stacking stock in the warehouse, so it needs inventory control to reduce the stacking stock. The character of the product which does not have expired date as long as it is not used and small size, the company never make an optimal estimate of the order, so the activity of ordering goods is only based on its own estimates. The method used in this research is EOQ to obtain the economical amount of the product to be ordered. The calculation process using EOQ method is done against 2019 sales data predicted to 2021 using Trend Linear forecasting method, with function form is Y=1,8776x+256,21. Furthermore, the minimum and maximum stock quantity is determined using the Min-Max Inventory method. From the result of the study found that the economic Q per ordered is 386 pcs with the frequency of bookings 8 times a year. The minimum inventory is 108 pcs and the maximum is 144 pcs with the amount of safety stock is 72 pcs and ROP is 108 pcs. By using EOQ method, the company can make savings of Rp3,939,330 per year and reduce storage cost by Rp10,119,635 per year.

Analisis Perbandingan Persediaan Optimum dengan Metode Lot for Lot, Period Order Quantity dan Economic Part Period

PT. X is a company engaged in the production of electrical and electronic equipment, one of its products is camera. This research aims to compare the inventory policies that have been implemented by the company with other dynamic deterministic models. In the production process, the company uses a stock policy with the Lot for Lot (LFL) method, but the total costs incurred by the company and the frequency of ordering are still quite high. This research aims to compare the inventory policies that have been implemented by the company with other dynamic deterministic models, such as Period Order Quantity (POQ) and Economic Part Period (EPP) methods so that the optimal inventory method can be determined. The results of this study indicate that the Economic Part Period (EPP) is the optimal method with a total cost of Rp. 69,284,600 and the order frequency is 7 times.

Comparison of Forest Inventory Methods at Plot-Level between a Backpack Personal Laser Scanning (BPLS) and Conventional Equipment in Jeju Island, South Korea

In recent years, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been increasingly utilized to estimate forest resources. This study was conducted to identify the applicability of a LiDAR sensor for such estimations by comparing data on a tree’s position, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) obtained using the sensor with those by existing forest inventory methods for a Cryptomeria japonica forest in Jeju Island, South Korea. For this purpose, a backpack personal laser scanning device (BPLS, Greenvalley International, Model D50) was employed in a protected forest, where cutting is not allowed, as a non-invasive means, simultaneously assessing the device’s field applicability. The data collected by the sensor were divided into seven different pathway variations, or “patterns” to consider the density of the sample plots and enhance the efficiency. The accuracy of estimating the variables of each tree was then assessed. The time spent acquiring and processing real-time data was also analyzed for each method, as well as total time and the time required for each measurement. The findings showed that the rate of detection of standing trees by LiDAR was 100%. Additionally, a high statistical accuracy was observed in pattern 5 (DBH: RMSE 1.22 cm, bias—0.90 cm, Height: RMSE 1.66 m, bias—1.18 m) and pattern 7 (DBH: RMSE 1.22 cm, bias—0.92 cm, Height: RMSE 1.48 m, bias—1.23 m) compared to the results from the typical inventory method. A range of 115–162.5 min/ha was required to process the data using the LiDAR, while 322.5–567.5 min was required for the typical inventory method. Thus, the application of a backpack personal LiDAR can lead to higher efficiency when conducting a forest resource inventory in a coniferous plantation with understory vegetation. Further research in various stands is necessary to confirm the efficiency of using backpack personal laser scanning.

The role of infrastructure for economic growth

Σύμφωνα με τη βιβλιογραφία, οι υποδομές αυξάνουν την παραγωγικότητα, μειώνουν το κόστος παραγωγής, προσελκύουν επιχειρήσεις και παραγωγικούς συντελεστές και ενισχύουν το παραγόμενο προϊόν. Ωστόσο, δεν λείπουν και οι επικριτές οι οποίοι χαρακτηρίζουν τις θετικές επιπτώσεις των υποδομών στη μεγέθυνση αμφισβητήσιμες, στηριζόμενοι κυρίως σε οικονομετρικές προκλήσεις, στο μέγεθος της επένδυσης, στη στην επιλογή της υπό εξέτασης περιόδου κλπ. Η παρούσα διατριβή φιλοδοξεί στο να φωτίσει λίγο το ενδιαφέρον ερώτημα σχετικά με τον αντίκτυπο των υποδομών/ δημοσίου κεφαλαίου στην οικονομική μεγέθυνση, συμβάλλοντας στη συζήτηση σχετικά με το «Γρίφο των Υποδομών». Επιπλέον, στους στόχους της παρούσας προσπάθειας περιλαμβάνεται η αξιολόγηση της ευρωπαϊκής περιφερειακής πολιτικής μέσα από την ανάλυση των επιπτώσεων των υποδομών σε τρεις χώρες της Νοτίου Ευρώπης (Ελλάδας, Ιταλίας και Ισπανίας) με διαφορετικό απόθεμα δημοσίου κεφαλαίου, ενώ επίσης φιλοδοξεί να διαπιστώσει αν η χρήση νέων, περισσότερο αξιόπιστων, δεδομένων θα επηρεάσει τα τελικά συμπεράσματα. Ως εκ τούτου, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο ώστε να αυξηθούν οι διαθέσιμες παρατηρήσεις και να διαπιστωθούν τυχόν διαπεριφερειακές διαφοροποιήσεις, πρακτική που ενισχύει την αξιοπιστία στην ανάλυση. Επιπρόσθετα, επελέγησαν δεδομένα από διεθνώς αναγνωρισμένες πηγές με σκοπό τη βελτίωση της συγκρισιμότητας των στατιστικών στοιχείων αλλά και την απαλλαγή του δείγματος από ασυνέχειες που προκύπτουν από τον τρόπο συλλογής των στοιχείων. Περιλήφθησαν όλα τα είδη των υποδομών που ήταν διαθέσιμα ανά χώρα για τον εντοπισμό του ολιστικού αποτελέσματος του δημοσίου κεφαλαίου πάνω στο προϊόν. Ειδικά για την Ελλάδα, καταγράφηκαν τα δεδομένα για τις υποδομές ενώ κατασκευάστηκε νέα σχετική χρονοσειρά με τη μέθοδο της Συνεχούς Απογραφής (Perpetual Inventory Method - ΡΙΜ). Η εκτίμηση των χρονοσειρών έγινε με τη βοήθεια μιας τύπου Cobb-Douglas συνάρτησης παραγωγής σε διάφορες μορφές. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι υποδομές είναι στατικά σημαντικές για όλες τις χώρες και είναι συμβατά με εκείνα άλλων ερευνών. Δεν λείπουν οι διαφοροποιήσεις μεταξύ των χωρών, με την Ιταλία να παρουσιάζει τις χαμηλότερες ελαστικότητες μεταξύ των χωρών της Νοτίου Ευρώπης. Τα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα συνηγορούν ότι υπάρχει ακόμα χώρος για περαιτέρω έρευνα με έμφαση στην εκτίμηση των επιπτώσεων των υποδομών σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο, ή στον αν μεταβάλλεται ο αντίκτυπος του δημόσιου κεφαλαίου στο προϊόν ανά είδος/ κατηγορία υποδομών. Φυσικά, τα αποτελέσματα που θα προκύψουν από την αξιοποίηση διαφορετικών οικονομετρικών τεχνικών ενέχουν μεγάλη σημασία στη διερεύνηση της σχέσης υποδομών και μεγέθυνσης. Τέλος, δεν θα πρέπει να αποκλείεται η ανάλυση ζητημάτων όπως υποδομές και διαφθορά, η χρήση φυσικών μεγεθών αντί νομισματικών, η αναζήτηση νέων τρόπων χρηματοδότησης των υποδομών, ή οι περιβαλλοντικές προκλήσεις κ.ά.