scholarly journals An Empirical Validation Of The Primary And Moderating Effects Of Income And Capital On Familiarity And Participation Of Limited Resource Farm Producers (LRFPs) In USDA Agricultural Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Richard O. Omotoye ◽  
Ravi Chinta ◽  
Venkatapparao Mummalaneni ◽  
Patrice Y. Perry-Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
National People ◽  
Agricultural Programs ◽  
Main Effects

We present empirical findings on the problem of low participation rate of Limited Resource Farm Producers (LRFPs)[1] in USDA programs. Our analysis is based on survey data directly sourced from LRFP population spread across twenty counties in Southern Virginia. The findings revealed that familiarity with and participation in USDA programs varied by type of farmers. While familiarity was moderate, participation was low. These main effects were moderated by access to capital. Our results broadly agree with findings from similar studies done on the subject in the past with an additional empirical insight that access to capital can enhance participation in USDA programs. We conclude the study with several practical ways for improving LRFP participation in USDA agricultural programs[i] According to the USDA, a Limited Resource Farmer or Rancher or Forest Owner is a person/applicant with direct or indirect gross farm sales not more than $173,600 (for FY2016) in each of the previous two years AND a person with a total household income at or below the national poverty level for a family of four or less than 50 percent of county median household income in each of the previous two years. An entity or joint operation can be an LRFP if all individual members independently qualify. http://lrftool.sc.egov.usda.gov/LRP_Definition.aspx http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/people/outreach/slbfr/

The Relation Between Teachers' Diagnostic Sensitivity, their Instructional Activities, and their Students' Achievement Gains in Reading*

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Behrmann ◽  
Elmar Souvignier
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Achievement Gains ◽  
Instructional Activities ◽  
Main Effects

Single studies suggest that the effectiveness of certain instructional activities depends on teachers' judgment accuracy. However, sufficient empirical data is still lacking. In this longitudinal study (N = 75 teachers and 1,865 students), we assessed if the effectiveness of teacher feedback was moderated by judgment accuracy in a standardized reading program. For the purpose of a discriminant validation, moderating effects of teachers' judgment accuracy on their classroom management skills were examined. As expected, multilevel analyses revealed larger reading comprehension gains when teachers provided students with a high number of feedbacks and simultaneously demonstrated high judgment accuracy. Neither interactions nor main effects were found for classroom management skills on reading comprehension. Moreover, no significant interactions with judgment accuracy but main effects were found for both feedback and classroom management skills concerning reading strategy knowledge gains. The implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Did We Lose the War on Poverty?

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale W Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Economic Well Being

Official U.S. poverty statistics based on household income imply that the proportion of the U.S. population below the poverty level reached a minimum in 1973, giving rise to the widespread impression that the elimination of poverty is impossible. By contrast, poverty estimates based on household consumption have fallen through 1989 and imply that the war on poverty was a success. This paper recommends replacing income by consumption in official estimates of poverty in order to obtain a more accurate assessment of the impact of income support programs and economic growth on the level and distribution of economic well-being among households.

scholarly journals Off-farm Income, Credit Constraints, and Farm Investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-663
Author(s):  
Nigel Key
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Investment

AbstractMany farmers face borrowing limits that depend on their household income and net worth. Given such credit constraints, an increase in off-farm income should allow farmers to borrow more, thus influencing production decisions and productivity. To test this hypothesis, the education level of the farm operator’s spouse is used to identify exogenous variation in off-farm income. Findings indicate that higher off-farm income leads to more borrowing, capital expenditures, capital input intensity, farm labor use, output, farm income, and productivity. Results suggest that Federal programs that promote access to credit for limited-resource farmers may increase farm investment and productivity.

The Effect of Louisiana Medicaid Expansion on Affordability of Health Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110414
Author(s):  
Yixue Shao ◽  
Charles Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Health Care Affordability

Objectives Louisiana extended Medicaid coverage on July 1, 2016, to previously ineligible populations. We aimed to estimate the effect of Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion on self-reported affordability of health care. Methods We used 2011-2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS measured affordability of health care by asking respondents 2 questions: (1) whether they could not see a doctor due to cost in the previous 12 months and (2) whether they could not get a prescribed medication due to cost in the previous 12 months. We estimated difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences analytical models using multivariable linear regression that compared trends in Louisiana with trends in states that did not expand Medicaid during the study period. Results Compared with adults aged <65 with annual household income >138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) in nonexpansion states, Medicaid expansion in Louisiana decreased the percentage of adults aged <65 with annual household income ≤138% FPL who reported being unable to see a doctor due to cost by 5.1 percentage points (95% CI, −6.5 to −3.6; P < .001) and unable to afford prescribed medication by 7.9 percentage points (95% CI, −9.2 to −6.6; P < .001). We found similar estimates when we limited the comparison group to Southern nonexpansion states. Conclusions Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion lowered cost barriers to health care. Further research may find improvements in health care affordability in states that have not yet expanded Medicaid.

A Profile of the Population Enrolled in New York State's Child Health Plus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (Supplement_E1) ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Holl ◽  
Andrew W. Dick ◽  
Laura Pollard Shone ◽  
Lance E. Rodewald ◽  
Jack Zwanziger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Child Health Plus

Background. The recently enacted State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), designed to provide affordable health insurance for uninsured children, was modeled in part on New York State's Child Health Plus (CHPlus), which was implemented in 1991. All SCHIP programs involve voluntary enrollment of eligible children. Little is known about characteristics of children who enroll in these programs. Objectives. To provide a profile of children enrolled in CHPlus between 1993 and 1994 in the 6-county upstate New York study area, and to estimate the participation rate in CHPlus. Methods. A parent interview was conducted to obtain information about children, 0 to 6.9 years old, who enrolled in CHPlus in the study area. Two school-based surveys and the Current Population Survey were used to estimate health insurance coverage. Enrollment data from New York State's Department of Health, together with estimates of the uninsured, were used to estimate participation rates in CHPlus. Results. Most children enrolled in CHPlus in the study area were white. Although 17% of all children in the study area who were &lt;13 years old and living in families with incomes below 160% of the federal poverty level were black, only 9% of CHPlus-enrolled children were black. Twenty-one percent of enrolled children were uninsured during the entire year before enrollment and 61% of children had a gap in coverage lasting &gt;1 month. Children were generally healthy; only 4% had fair or poor health. Eighty-eight percent of parents of enrolled children had completed high school or a higher level of education. Parents reported that loss of a job was the main reason for loss of prior health insurance for their child. Most families learned about CHPlus from a friend (30%) or from their doctor (26%). The uninsured rate among children in the study area was approximately 4.1%. By 1993, the participation rate in CHPlus was about 36%. Conclusion. Blacks were underrepresented in CHPlus. Because the underlying uninsured rate was relatively low and parental education and family income were relatively high, the effects of CHPlus observed in this evaluation may be conservative in comparison to the potential effects of CHPlus for other populations of children. Participation rates during the early years of the program were modest.

Pro-veganism on Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-704
Author(s):  
Joe Phua ◽  
S. Venus Jin ◽  
Jihoon (Jay) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Information Value ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Message Type ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Health Marketing ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Main Effects

PurposeThrough two experiments, this study assessed source and message effects of Instagram-based pro-veganism messages.Design/methodology/approachExperiment 1 (N = 294) examined effects of organization (brand vs nonprofit) and message types (egoistic vs altruistic) on consumer responses to Instagram-based pro-veganism content. Experiment 2 (N = 288) examined effects of source type (celebrity vs noncelebrity) and message valence (positive vs negative) on consumer responses to Instagram-based pro-veganism content.FindingsResults demonstrated significant main effects of organization type, with consumers indicating more positive attitudes and higher credibility toward the brand. Significant main effects of message type were also found, with altruistic messages eliciting higher perceived information value than egoistic messages. Subjective norms had moderating effects on attitude toward the organization, while attitude toward veganism had moderating effects on perceived information value. Results also indicated significant main effects of message valence on perceived information value of pro-veganism Instagram posts and significant interaction effects of the two manipulated factors on intention to spread electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) about pro-veganism.Originality/valueImplications for use of Instagram-based health marketing communication about veganism were discussed. Specifically, organizations looking to use social media to influence attitudes and behavioral intentions toward health issues should seek to reach their target audiences through selecting endorsers and messages that will optimally present the health issue in a relatable and engaging way.

Income Disparities in the Association of the Medical Home With Child Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Anker ◽  
Yorghos Tripodis ◽  
Webb E. Long ◽  
Arvin Garg
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Medical Home ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Federal Poverty Level ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Data were available for a nationally representative sample of 81 090 children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model child health with the medical home while examining the effect modification of household income and controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, the medical home was significantly associated with “excellent/very good” child health for children regardless of household income. However, the association of the medical home with “excellent/very good” child health was significantly higher for children in households earning >200% FPL (federal poverty level) compared with <200% FPL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.13 [95% CI 1.80-2.52] vs aOR 1.46 [95% CI 1.24-1.71]; P < .01). This relationship was also found among children >400% FPL compared with children between 100% and 199% FPL (aOR 2.25 [95% CI 1.74-2.9 0] vs aOR 1.28 [95% CI 1.01-1.62]; P < .01). Therefore, while the medical home is associated with beneficial child health for most children, significant disparities by income exist.

Athlete Characteristics and Team Competitive Performance as Moderators for the Relationship Between Coach Transformational Leadership and Athlete Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai C. Bormann ◽  
Paul Schulte-Coerne ◽  
Mathias Diebig ◽  
Jens Rowold
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Intellectual Stimulation ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Source Sample ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Player Performance

The goal of this study is to examine the effects of coaches’ transformational leadership on player performance. To advance existing research, we examine (a) effects on individual and team performance and (b) consider joint moderating effects of players’ win orientation and teams’ competitive performance on the leadership– individual performance link. In a three-source sample from German handball teams, we collected data on 336 players and 30 coaches and teams. Results showed positive main effects of transformational leadership’s facet of articulating a vision (AV) on team and individual performance and negative main effects of providing an appropriate model (PAM) on team performance. With regard to moderating effects, AV increased and PAM decreased individual performance when both moderators were low, and intellectual stimulation had a positive effect when both were high. This study expands insights into the potential and limitation of transformational leadership with a strong focus on the role of situational contingencies.

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