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2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Hirsch ◽  
Deepak Garg

We present Pirouette, a language for typed higher-order functional choreographic programming. Pirouette offers programmers the ability to write a centralized functional program and compile it via endpoint projection into programs for each node in a distributed system. Moreover, Pirouette is defined generically over a (local) language of messages, and lifts guarantees about the message type system to its own. Message type soundness also guarantees deadlock freedom. All of our results are verified in Coq.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Kuei Hsieh ◽  
Hsiang-Tzu Li

Purpose With the popularity of mobile applications and increasing consumer awareness of application privacy, this paper aims to introduce a new construct of service-privacy fit (i.e. the perceived degree of match between the service of a mobile application and a privacy permission request) to predict consumers’ mobile application adoption. Design/methodology/approach Four experiments were carried out to test the hypothesized relationships. The first study investigated the direct impact of service-privacy fit on application adoption and the mediators of benefit expectancy and privacy concerns. The second, third and fourth studies further applied the moderated mediation model to analyze the moderating roles of benefit message type, regulatory focus type and privacy assurance. Findings The results show that service-privacy fit influences application adoption not only directly but also indirectly via the mediators of benefit expectancy and privacy concerns. Furthermore, the findings confirm the moderators of benefit message type, regulatory focus type and privacy assurance. Originality/value Drawn from the perspectives of task-technology fit and information boundary theory, this paper introduces a new construct of service-privacy fit as a determinant of application adoption. Grounded in privacy calculus theory, it further explains this relationship through mediating effects of benefit expectancy and privacy concerns. Furthermore, this paper proposes that benefit messages and privacy assurance are effective coping strategies to increase the benefit expectancy and reduce the privacy concerns of applications. Based on the perspective of regulatory fit theory, this study further shows that the effects of coping strategies rely on personal traits. The findings enrich the existing knowledge of mobile application adoption and application privacy, suggesting that practitioners should consider mobile consumers’ perception of service-privacy fit when developing applications.


2021 ◽  
pp. 107769902110415
Author(s):  
Yujin Heo ◽  
Chang-Won Choi ◽  
Holly Overton ◽  
Joon K. Kim ◽  
Nanlan Zhang

Despite the importance of companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts to support the issue of empowering women, little is known about which communication strategies are effective for a successful CSR initiative. This research investigated how CSR messages influences consumer evaluations of a CSR activity supporting women’s empowerment via consumers’ cause involvement by conducting two experimental studies. In Study 1, a 2 (CSR message type: in-group vs. out-group) × 2 (gender: female vs. male) online factorial experiment ( n = 140) was employed. The results indicate that consumers evaluated the CSR activity more positively when they were exposed to an in-group message than an out-group message. To increase the validity and explain the process by which CSR message types influence consumer evaluations of a CSR activity, Study 2 was conducted. Psychological distance manipulated by CSR campaign messages increased an individual’s level of cause involvement, which in turn influenced the individuals’ response to the CSR activities. Implications are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Shukla

The actor model is a model for concurrent computation, centered around message passing between entities in a system. It is well suited for distributed programming, due to its semantics including very little guarantees or assumptions of reliability. Actor model implementations have grown more widespread in many languages. The library Akka (written in Scala) is one of the most popular actor libraries. However, Akka is missing some key features. Our goal is to create our own actor library called Aurum, which not only has these features but exhibits higher performance. The new features include easy ways to forge references, configure and launch clusters, message type translations, and the ability to inject message drops and delays into every part the application. Aurum will be implemented in Rust, a programming language designed for high performance, asynchrony and high levels of abstraction that is well suited for IoT devices. Our results show that Aurum outperforms Akka. In our benchmarks, a single server running Aurum gives three times the throughput as an equivalent Akka server, while maintaining good programmability and having features useful for IoT.


2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110323
Author(s):  
João Gonçalves ◽  
Ina Weber ◽  
Gina M. Masullo ◽  
Marisa Torres da Silva ◽  
Joep Hofhuis

Hateful content online is a concern for social media platforms, policymakers, and the public. This has led high-profile content platforms, such as Facebook, to adopt algorithmic content-moderation systems; however, the impact of algorithmic moderation on user perceptions is unclear. We experimentally test the extent to which the type of content being removed (profanity vs hate speech) and the explanation given for its removal (no explanation vs link to community guidelines vs specific explanation) influence user perceptions of human and algorithmic moderators. Our preregistered study encompasses representative samples ( N = 2870) from the United States, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that algorithmic moderation is perceived as more transparent than human, especially when no explanation is given for content removal. In addition, sending users to community guidelines for further information on content deletion has negative effects on outcome fairness and trust.


2021 ◽  
pp. 009365022110280
Author(s):  
Yanmengqian Zhou ◽  
Lijiang Shen

A web-based two (preexisting position: correct vs. incorrect) by two (message type: scientific information vs. misinformation) by three (messages) mixed design experimental study was conducted to test confirmation bias as a mechanism underlying the persistence of misinformation on climate change and to examine attitude certainty as a moderator of confirmation bias. Data collected with Qualtrics panels demonstrated robust confirmation bias in message and source perceptions, empathy, and perceived message effectiveness when individuals encountered messages consistent with their preexisting position on climate change, which in turn strengthened their preexisting position. The patterns of biased message processing and post-message position polarization were more extreme among climate change deniers. Attitude certainty significantly intensified polarization of position on climate change.


Author(s):  
Ghina Aribah ◽  
Dien Anshari

Latar Belakang. Dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19, komunikasi risiko terkait pencegahan dan penanganan merupakan hal yang penting disampaikan secara berkesinambungan melalui media massa yang mudah diakses oleh publikTujuan. mendapatkan gambaran komunikasi risiko dalam berita tentang COVID-19 yang dipublikasi oleh detik.com dan kompas.com.Metode. menggunakan metode analisis isi artikel berita dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Artikel berita yang menjadi data untuk penelitian ini diambil pada Maret-April 2020 dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara acak stratifikasi proporsional.   Hasil. Hanya sebagian kecil berita yang memuat informasi mengenai ukuran epidemiologi, sifat penyakit, cara penanganan, dampak non-kesehatan, dan kritik terhadap kebijakan pemerintah tentang COVID-19. Hampir sebagian berita memuat informasi mengenai kebijakan pemerintah daerah maupun pusat, serta sebagian besar berita pada kedua media daring tersebut memuat informasi mengenai cara pencegahan. Adapun sumber informasi sebagian besar berasal dari institusi. Jenis pesan yang paling banyak adalah pesan yang mengandung ancaman. Kedua media berbeda dalam penggunaan deskripsi bukti, dimana detik.com lebih sering menggunakan bentuk naratif, sedangkan kompas.com lebih sering menggunakan bentuk kombinasi antara angka, data statistik dan naratif.Kesimpulan. Pemberitaan di detik.com dan kompas.com belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan kaidah dalam komunikasi risiko. Media daring sebaiknya lebih banyak memuat pesan efikasi yang dapat membantu publik melewati situasi pandemi. ABSTRACTIntroduction. During the pandemic COVID-19, online news is one of the most accessible channels to disseminate information about the current situation and prevent and mitigate the disease.Objective to get the portrayals of risk communication in news articles about the COVID-19 pandemicMethods. Used content analysis method with descriptive quantitative approach. Data came from selecting news articles published by detik.com and kompas.com in March and April 2020 using a stratified proportional random sampling technique. Results. There were limited news articles that provide epidemiology information, disease characteristics, how to mitigate the disease, the non-health effects of COVID-19, and criticism of the government’s policy. Almost half of the articles from both media shared information about prevention. In terms of message type, most of the articles used threat messages. Both media also mostly cited institutions as the source of information. Both media differ in depicting the evidence, whereas detik.com mostly used narrative forms, while kompas.com more frequently used the combination of numbers, statistical data, and narrative structures.Conclusion. News on detik.com and kompas.com is not entirely in line with the rules in risk communication. Online news media should incorporate efficacy messages into their news articles during this pandemic situation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Huang

<p><b>Despite a growing interest in social media communication as a marketing tool, research on its persuasive effects is limited. This is especially true for comparisons between brand-generated and user-generated content, despite the relevance of message control for marketing strategy. </b></p> <p>This present study examines two different message sources (brand vs user) and two message types (rational vs emotional) investigating their effects on consumer brand attitude through the creation of brand authenticity, content authenticity and source credibility while considering consumer food involvement. Participants (N = 342) viewed one of four fictional Facebook messages, which used either a rational or emotional message type and was from either a brand or a consumer.</p> <p>Using regression analysis, and splitting the sample to high (N= 172) and low involvement (N=170), we found for participants with a high degree of involvement, emotional brand-generated content created more positive brand attitudes than rational brand-generated content through perceived brand authenticity and source credibility. However, a rational message generated by a brand led to higher levels of effect on brand attitude with higher perceived content authenticity. For user-generated content, for highly involved consumers, rational messages are more persuasive than emotional messages, creating more positive brand attitudes through brand authenticity and source credibility. Content authenticity had no impact on brand attitude in any user-generated message under high consumer involvement. </p> <p>Under low degrees of consumer involvement, emotional brand-generated messages did not significantly impact brand attitude. However, the effect was found in emotional user-generated messages through content authenticity. With regards to rational brand-generated messages, high perceptions of source credibility generated positive brand attitudes. A similar result has been found in user-generated rational messages. The final analysis showed that regardless of message type and message source, low or high consumer involvement, the positive effect of brand attitude on purchase intention is significant. </p> <p>The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.</p>


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