scholarly journals Impact of Industry 4.0 on Occupations and Employment in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyza Sumer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries ◽  
New Jobs

New technologies of this age is widely referred as Industry 4.0. The rapid increase in digitalization, robotization, and intelligent automation has great impact on markets, including the labour market. Technological changes destroy some jobs while generating new jobs and occupations. Replacement of jobs by robots, smart vehicles, digitalized and connected processes will have great impact on labour market resulting in mass unemployment. This paper aims to highlight prospective changes in occupations and job losses due to new technologies in Turkey. Following the introduction part, the paper proceeds to literature review about the effect of new technologies on jobs, skills, tasks, occupations, and employment. In the next part, a time analysis of occupations in Turkey takes place in order to bring out the occupations which might be substituted by Industry 4.0, and thus might result in mass unemployment. A framework for susbstitutable and complementable occupations in Turkey has been constituted in this part, too. In the concluding remarks, it has been put forward that there will be considerable losses in some occupational categories with routine tasks, both in manual and cognitive jobs. In some other jobs, new technologies have a complementing effect which might lead to employment generation. It has been suggested that Turkey can get the better of negative impacts of Industry 4.0 by fully analysing the issue, improving training and skills upgrading, and promoting jobs in technology and creativity related new fields such as cultural and creative industries.

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

Interconnections between the cultural and creative industries and tourism: challenges in four Ibero-American capital cities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Helena Henriques ◽  
Silvina Renee Elias
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the European and Latin America urban cultural policies that could enhance cultural and creative sustainable tourism products development. Design/methodology/approach The methodological framework is based on a comparative case study regarding the importance, dynamics and policies associated to cultural and creative tourism in four Ibero-American cities, namely, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Lisbon and Madrid. Findings This exploratory analysis underlines the growing importance of cultural and creative tourism in the four capital cities. On one hand, cities reveal different tourism impacts and, on the other hand, they are associated to different cultural and creative sector structures. Cities cultural and creative performance put in evidence that sustainable cities index, global talent competitiveness index and cultural and creative cities monitor, tend to position Madrid in the first place followed by, Lisbon, Buenos Aires and Brasilia. Research limitations/implications In general, and despite the importance of space in the creative process, there is little research on the geography of the creative industries and there is a lack of cross-country comparative studies so that it is difficult to assess the particularities of each model of creativity. Practical implications Cities could enhance more efforts in investing, not only in the traditional cultural infrastructures but also on the new forms of culture, new technologies, new makers, new audiences based on their attributes, activities and labels, in a framework of urban sustainable policies based on “innovation,” “inclusiveness” and “interconnectivity.” Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in the comparative analysis of four cities based on cultural and creative sector and tourism interconnections. Simultaneously, it lies in an exploratory model application.

scholarly journals Minimálbér – minimáljövedelem – feltétel nélküli alapjövedelem?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Gábor Mélypataki
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Skilled Workforce ◽  
New Jobs

Changes in the labour market have marked features that are important for previous eras. These changes are primarily changes as digitalization comes to the fore, which significantly changes the structure of the labour market. The time lag between job losses and new jobs created due to new technologies, as well as possible retraining, will result in an intermediate time interval. This time interval for maximum service will be characterized by a low-skilled workforce. Starting out, however, from the principle of state social welfare, we cannot leave these persons without benefits. The question was made especially topical by the COVID-19 epidemic, which also reached Europe in the spring of 2020. In several countries, basic income or -similar social benefits have been introduced. The reason for this move is the significant employment crisis that has resulted in the lockdown used by some countries to stop the spread of the virus. The basic income is, however, only one element of the system, which is why it is necessary to examine the issue in relation to the minimum wage and minimum income.

scholarly journals The Dependence of Unemployment of the Senior Workforce upon Explanatory Variables in the European Union in the Context of Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Stojanova ◽  
Barbora Lietavcova ◽  
Ivona Vrdoljak Raguž
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
New Jobs

Digitalization, robotization, artificial intelligence, and all kinds of new technologies that are known as Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution have great influence on the future of work because they will gather new jobs with new skills, and a majority of the senior workforce will probably have a lot of problems with those kinds of changes and challenges. The major objective of the paper is to recognize the dependence of the unemployment of the age category 55–64 upon selected explanatory variables. The explanatory variables were selected, and the expectations of their signs were presented in the research design. The secondary data of Eurostat and OECD 2015 has been used, covering the twenty-two member countries of the European Union (the countries that provided minimum wage were included only). The econometric analysis, specifically model specification and model quantification were the main methods used in the paper. The main outcomes and relevance of the model as well as its limitations have been compared with the findings of other authors in the discussion and implications for further research.

scholarly journals DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 871-878
Author(s):  
M. Paolanti ◽  
R. Pierdicca ◽  
M. Martini ◽  
A. Felicetti ◽  
E. S. Malinverni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Ancient Monument ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries ◽  
Effective Contribution

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The promotion of Cultural Heritage (CH) goods has become a major challenges over the last years. CH goods promote economic development, notably through cultural and creative industries and tourism. Thus, an effective planning of archaeological, cultural, artistic and architectural sites within the territory make CH goods easily accessible. A way of adding value to these services is making them capable of providing, using new technologies, a more immersive and stimulating fruition of information. In this light, an effective contribution can be provided by sentiment analysis. The sentiment related to a monument can be used for its evaluation considering that if it is positive, it influences its public image by increasing its value. This work introduces an approach to estimate the sentiment of Social Media pictures CH related. The sentiment of a picture is identified by an especially trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN); aftewards, we compared the performance of three DCNNs: VGG16, ResNet and InceptionResNet. It is interesting to observe how these three different architectures are able to correctly evaluate the sentiment of an image referred to a ancient monument, historical buildings, archaeological sites, museum objects, and more. Our approach has been applied to a newly collected dataset of pictures from Instagram, which shows CH goods included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage properties.</p>

scholarly journals Intern Labour as Regenerative Precarisation in the Cultural and Creative Industries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Moody
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Labour Practice ◽  
Market Practice ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries ◽  
Work And Life

Internships are a precarious labour practice often driven by a combination of labour market competition, desirable work, employer advantages and fictional expectations. This article is based on an empirical study of intern labour in the Cultural and Creative Industries in Ireland. The data consists of a survey of workers and interns, and interviews with interns past and present. Through approaching internships as a form of precarisation, and intern labour through the lens of ‘fictional expectations’, this article provides an analysis of intern labour as a form of regenerative precarisation through the self-reinforcing tendencies of action, subjectivity, discursive constructs and social structures. The labour market practice of interning creates discursive, normative and structural patterns of precarisation. These patterns in turn shape subjective and intersubjective expectations of work and life, impacting on the actions that individuals make and thus acting as drivers of further precarisation.

scholarly journals Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Athanasios Koukounaras
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, with the advantages of environmental parameter control (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of advanced technologies (hydroponics, automation, etc.) for higher productivity, earliness, stability of production and better quality. On the other hand, climate change and the application of high inputs without suitable management could have negative impacts on the expansion of the greenhouse horticulture sector. This special issue gathers twelve papers: three reviews and nine of original research. There is one review that focuses on irrigation of greenhouse crops, while a second surveys the effects of biochar on container substrate properties and plant growth. A third review examines the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. The research papers report both the use of new technologies as well as advanced cultivation practices. In particular, new technologies are presented such as dye-sensitized solar cells for the glass cover of a greenhouse, automation for water and nitrogen deficit stress detection in soilless tomato crops based on spectral indices, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on potted ornamentals, the integration of brewery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion with substrate-based soilless agriculture, and application of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Research studies about cultivation practices are presented comparing different systems (organic-conventional, aeroponic-nutrient film technique (NFT)-substrate culture), quantitative criteria for determining the quality of grafted seedlings, and of wild species as alternative crops for cultivation.

scholarly journals Drag Performers’ Perspectives on the Mainstreaming of British Drag: Towards a Sociology of Contemporary Drag

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852110083
Author(s):  
Mark McCormack ◽  
Liam Wignall
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Career Opportunity ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries ◽  
British Culture ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Inductive Analysis

Drag performance has entered mainstream British culture and is gaining unprecedented appreciation and recognition, yet no sociological accounts of this transformation exist. Using an inductive analysis of in-depth interviews with 25 drag performers, alongside netnography of media and other public data, this article develops a sociological understanding of the mainstreaming of drag. There are two clear reasons for the success of drag. First, there is a pull towards drag: it is now seen as a viable career opportunity where performers receive fame rather than social stigma in a more inclusive social zeitgeist, even though the reality is more complex. Second, there is a push away from other creative and performing arts because heteronormative perspectives persist through typecasting and a continued professional stigma associated with drag. In calling for a sociology of drag, future avenues for research on contemporary drag are discussed, alongside the need for the sociology of cultural and creative industries to incorporate sexuality as both a subject and analytic lens.

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