Provisions in the Development Plan of Cities / Towns of Different Characters - A Comparative Study

Dating back to the history of development which starts near the resources or the Euclidean type planning where only physical planning is considered the time has come where planners need to consider the social aspects as well as the character of the city while setting goals or making policies for the same. Every place has its own uniqueness it may a cool new hi-tech building or an antique ancient monument, a busy booming mall or a quiet peaceful natural scenery. The need of this study of urban system is important to understand the human values, development, and the interactions they have with their physical environment. Development plan aims to promote growth and regulate the present and future development of towns and cities. In its simplest form, it is about improving the standard of living of the residents. While planning for a city, we should not only think about development as a tool for improving the physical and material conditions of the citizens but also consider the changes in built environment of the city which forms an important part of the city character and also gives clues related to the social and cultural life in that city The richness of the values forming the identity and character of the built environment is also an expression of the richness of the social and cultural life in that city .

Legal protection of forests in Kievan Rus

The article considers the issues of legislative regulation in the ancient monument of law – Ruska Pravda, issues of forest protection in the territory of Kievan Rus, in order to form a general comprehensive concept of forest protection in Ukraine in different periods of state formation. The relevance of the study is justified by the change of economic, political, social and legal development of Ukraine, which influenced the transition from the monistic paradigm of legal reality research methodology to the pluralism of research paradigms and allows a new assessment of development of forest protection norms on the territory of Ukraine. The most important factors that led to the formation of forest protection legislation of Kievan Rus are highlighted. A comparative legal analysis of the Short and Spatial editions of Russkaya Pravda was carried out. It is established that the Spatial edition differs from the Short edition by a larger number of articles on the protection of forestry, which is due to the process of formation of feudal society and the need for more detailed regulation of property rights. The features of this monument of law, which distinguished it from the legal acts created in subsequent periods, are indicated. Attention is drawn to the enshrinement in Russkaya Pravda of the norms of customary law, according to which «what is given by nature belongs to the whole society». Therefore, deforestation was not prohibited, but liability for theft of firewood was imposed by imposing a fine of 9 kunas, and for each cart with firewood – 2 kunas separately, while the law regulated fishing related to forests. The system of fines provided by Ruska Pravda for offenses related to forestry is described. Organizational principles of forest protection in Kievan Rus are considered. It is established that in this period there were no special organizational structures in this area and that law and order in the forests was provided by princely warriors with the participation of hunters. Key words: «Russian Law», Kievan Rus, forest protection, forestry, liability for violation of forest protection norms, theft, fine.

Stonehenge and Avebury

As Britain’s foremost prehistoric monument, Stonehenge illustrates changing fashions in interpretation of, and public and professional attitudes towards, the national archaeological heritage over at least three centuries. From Stukeley and the early antiquaries there was constant interest in Stonehenge and its environs, including Avebury and Silbury Hill. But it was not until the twentieth century, after the site had become a listed ancient monument and had been taken into state guardianship, that the greatest damage was inflicted through fieldwork that remained unpublished until the end of the century. Stonehenge evidently was significant in terms of the seasonal solar cycle, but in the mid-twentieth century especially it became the focus of astro-archaeologists with complex theories of astronomical and calendrical significance. Interest has always focused on the origin of the bluestones, whether the product of glacial drift or transported from south Wales by the builders. Research on Stonehenge and its neighbourhood in recent years has greatly enhanced understanding of the site’s chronological and structural sequence, and its possible roles as a place of ritual, burial, and ceremonial activity. Now with Avebury part of the World Heritage site, Stonehenge is once again subject to controversy as to how best to protect its environment from greatly increased volumes of traffic.

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger's Reactions to the Pantheon:

In Antonio da Sangallo the Younger's Reactions to the Pantheon: An Early Modern Case of Operative Criticism, Francesco Benelli looks at three annotated drawings by Antonio in which he analyzed features of the Roman Pantheon. The architect's analysis of this ancient monument drew on both his close, methodical, and pragmatic investigations of the building and his deep knowledge of Vitruvian theory. Together, the drawings and text represent an unprecedented critique of a building then almost universally admired. Yet Antonio's dependence on Vitruvius, who belonged to a different period of Roman history than did the Pantheon, led to certain discrepancies within his conclusions. Nonetheless, Antonio's study marks a new level of professional confidence, objectivity, and critical detachment among Renaissance architects, as ancient monuments were no longer seen as perfect and unquestionable, but as sources to be praised, criticized, utilized, adapted, or ignored according to the specific needs of modern architectural practice.

DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The promotion of Cultural Heritage (CH) goods has become a major challenges over the last years. CH goods promote economic development, notably through cultural and creative industries and tourism. Thus, an effective planning of archaeological, cultural, artistic and architectural sites within the territory make CH goods easily accessible. A way of adding value to these services is making them capable of providing, using new technologies, a more immersive and stimulating fruition of information. In this light, an effective contribution can be provided by sentiment analysis. The sentiment related to a monument can be used for its evaluation considering that if it is positive, it influences its public image by increasing its value. This work introduces an approach to estimate the sentiment of Social Media pictures CH related. The sentiment of a picture is identified by an especially trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN); aftewards, we compared the performance of three DCNNs: VGG16, ResNet and InceptionResNet. It is interesting to observe how these three different architectures are able to correctly evaluate the sentiment of an image referred to a ancient monument, historical buildings, archaeological sites, museum objects, and more. Our approach has been applied to a newly collected dataset of pictures from Instagram, which shows CH goods included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage properties.</p>

Restoration of the two-sided «The Vernicle» gonfalon from the Solvychegodsky Historical and Art Museum

Двусторонняя шитая хоругвь с изображением Спаса Нерукотворного, в обрамлении барочной металлической рамы, является уникальным древним памятником, сохранившимся до наших дней без поновлений и реставрационных вмешательств. Проведенные визуальные и химико-технологические исследования позволили определить технику и материалы выполнения двустороннего лицевого шитья на одной основе и особенности изготовления двустворчатой рамы из просеченного железа с полудой и золочением. Реставрация двустороннего шитья после демонтажа рамы проводилась поэтапно. Она заключалась в выборе способа и проведении общей очистки, в подборе метода частичного дублирования с сохранением равнозначных изображений на лицевой и оборотной стороне пелены, в укреплении тканевой основы и разрушенных шелковых и золотных нитей древнерусского шитья. Консервация и реставрация металлической рамы проводились в Костромском филиале ВХНРЦ. A two-sided embroidered gonfalon with the Vernicle framed by a baroque metal frame is a unique ancient monument that has survived to this day without renovations and restoration interventions. Conducted visual and chemical-technological research allowed to determine the technique and materials of performing two-sided pictorial embroidery on one basis and features of manufacturing a double-leaf frame of penetrated iron with a tinning and gilding. The restoration of two-sided embroidered after dismantling the frame was carried out in stages. It consisted in choosing a method and carrying out a general cleaning, in the selection of the method of partial duplication with preservation of equivalent images on the front and back of the veil, in strengthening the coating fabric and the destroyed silk and gold threads of old Russian embroidery. The preservation and restoration of the metal frame was carried out in the Kostroma branch of the Grabar Art Conservation Center.

Consecration and Materiality

This article focuses on a case of failed consecration: the Egyptian obelisk in New York’s Central Park, commonly known as Cleopatra’s Needle. The obelisk arrived in New York from Alexandria in 1880, with great fanfare. For a brief period, it was the talk of the town: a tourist curiosity and star of advertising campaigns for consumer goods. After an initial surge in public visibility, the monument’s prominence faded. Today, the obelisk is not on the list of New York’s top cultural attractions, and no longer features in media campaigns or political rallies. I ask why the obelisk’s initial popularity failed to crystallize into an enduring condition of consecration. To answer this question, I use archival data to chart the obelisk’s transfer of ownership and planned move, through its Central Park début and subsequent decline in cultural salience. The obelisk met key criteria associated with successful cases of retrospective consecration. What weakened the obelisk’s career were lack of consecrating institutions and inherently unstable material conditions. These mechanisms are symbiotically related: because no institution took responsibility for conserving and protecting the obelisk, its granite face rapidly deteriorated and frustrated attempts to attract potential consecrating institutions. The article makes a twofold contribution to the literature on retrospective consecration. First, by discussing a failed case, it highlights the linked efficacy of consecration formation mechanisms. Second, in focusing on an ancient monument, it demonstrates the role played by materials and the specific measures of consecration that obtain in the broader sphere of ancient monuments.