scholarly journals Polygyny and Resources for Empowerment and Equality in Anglo-Phone West Africa: Implications for Childbearing and Women’s Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Bola Lukman Solanke ◽  
Joseph Ayodeji Kupoluyi ◽  
John Olugbenga Abe ◽  
Olatunji Taofik Bankole
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Relationship

In West Africa, polygyny remained a common type of marriage. However, in spite of numerous studies exploring polygyny, the relationship between polygyny and access to resources for empowerment and equality is not well-ascertained in West Africa. This study addresses this gap by raising the question: to what extent does polygyny explains access to resources for empowerment and equality among married women? Data were extracted from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys in The Gambia, Nigeria and Sierra-Leone. The outcome variable is access to resources for empowerment and equality measured by access to education, employment and barriers to accessing health care. The key explanatory variable is type of marriage with specific attention to polygyny. Multivariate multiple regression was applied using Stata 12. Results showed that polygyny was negatively associated with access to education in the studied countries; positively associated with access to employment in the studied countries; and negatively associated with access to health in Nigeria and Sierra Leone. It is important to refocus national attention to improving the capabilities of women because economic empowerment will not only improve women’s well-being, it will also translate to the reduction of childbearing pressures among women.

Education in Emergencies: A Review of Theory and Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Burde ◽  
Amy Kapit ◽  
Rachel L. Wahl ◽  
Ozen Guven ◽  
Margot Igland Skarpeteig
Keyword(s):  
Peace Education ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Education In Emergencies ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education And Conflict

In this article, we conduct an integrative and rigorous review of theory and research on education in emergencies programs and interventions as international agencies implement them in areas of armed conflict. We ask several questions. How did this subfield emerge and what are the key conceptual frameworks that shape it today? How do education in emergencies programs affect access, learning, and protection in conflict-affected contexts? To answer these questions, we identify the conceptual frameworks and theoretical advances that have occurred since the inception of the field in the mid-1990s. We review the theories that frame the relationship between education and conflict as well as empirical research that tests assumptions that underpin this relationship. Finally, we assess what we know to date about “what works” in education in emergencies based on intervention research. We find that with regard to access, diminished or inequitable access to education drives conflict; conflict reduces boys’ and girls’ access to education differently; and decreased distance to primary school increases enrollment and attendance significantly for boys and even more so for girls. With regard to learning, education content likely contributes to or mitigates conflict, although the mechanisms through which it does so remain underspecified; and peace education programs show promise in changing attitudes and behaviors toward members of those perceived as the “other,” at least in the short term. Finally, providing children living in emergency and postemergency situations with structured, meaningful, and creative activities in a school setting or in informal learning spaces improves their emotional and behavioral well-being.

Kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve baanonzekerheid: samenhangen met arbeidstevredenheid en psychisch welzijn

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Handaja ◽  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Job Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Quantitative and qualitative job insecurity: associations with job satisfaction and well-being Quantitative and qualitative job insecurity: associations with job satisfaction and well-being Y. Handaja & H. De Witte, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 20, June 2007, nr. 2, pp. 137-159 This study analyses the associations between both quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and job satisfaction and psychological ill-being. We also analyse whether the relationship between job insecurity and psychological ill-being is mediated by job satisfaction. A more subtle and differentiated measurement of qualitative job insecurity is used, in which insecurity is measured regarding four aspects: the job content, working circumstances, working conditions and social relations. Data gathered among Belgian bank employees are used to test the hypotheses. The results show that both quantitative and qualitative job insecurity are negatively associated with job satisfaction and positively associated with psychological ill-being. The relationship between job insecurity and psychological ill-being is only partially mediated by job satisfaction. This signifies that the impact of job insecurity exceeds the boundaries of work, since it exerts an autonomous impact on the psychological well-being of individual workers. Limitations of the research and recommendations for further research are discussed.  

Consumer-Level Perceived Access to Health Services and Its Effects on Vulnerability and Health Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Tanner ◽  
Richard J. Vann ◽  
Elvira Kizilova
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
The Relationship

Access to health services affects the well-being of millions of consumers. Although the topic of health-related access is regularly featured in popular and academic conversations, these conversations primarily concentrate on objective or situational access factors. This research focuses instead on consumers’ subjective perception of access to better appreciate how personally experienced service availability and ease of access jointly determine consumers’ access perceptions. The authors find that perceived access to health services (PAHS) offers insight into the relationships between access, perceived health vulnerability, and overall health. Through scale development and a series of three theory-testing studies, this work demonstrates the close link between PAHS and perceived vulnerability (Study 1), connects this relationship to overall health (Studies 1–3), and establishes behavioral changes associated with access-vulnerability concerns (Study 2). Moreover, Study 3 finds evidence for a “muting” effect of health system distrust on the relationship between PAHS and perceived vulnerability as well as an “amplifying” effect of health motivation on the relationship between perceived vulnerability and overall health. Together, these studies illustrate PAHS’s relevance for explaining consumer vulnerability and overall health.

scholarly journals Association between personal values in adolescence and impaired bonding relationship with children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Obikane ◽  
Kazuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Nishi ◽  
Norito Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Community Representative ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Bonding disorders happen as parents cannot build an affective relationship with children and are associated with their psychological and social conditions. Personal values impact well-being and psychological outcomes; however, how personal values influence bonding relationships is unknown. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between personal values in adolescence recalled by adult participants and impaired bonding using a community-representative database. Methods We conducted a retrospective study using cross-sectional data of adults living with children in Japan. Personal values were evaluated by value priorities measured by 11 items from Personal Value Questionnaires, and commitment to values measured by a Japanese version of the Personal Values Questionnaires II. Impaired bonding was evaluated by five items from a Japanese-version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale. Odds ratios of value priorities and commitment to values for impaired bonding relationships were calculated after adjusting covariates. Results Of 13,920 people selected by probability proportionate sampling, 466 participants with children under 6 years old were selected for analysis. Personal values on improving society, graduating from school, positive evaluation from others, and pursuing one’s interest were negatively associated with impaired bonding relationship, while personal values on financial success were positively associated with impaired bonding relationship. Commitment to values were negatively associated with bonding problems. Conclusions While a future longitudinal study is needed, the present findings may indicate that personal values in adolescence are associated with their bonding relationship with children.

THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON WOMEN'S PREFERENCES FOR GENDER EQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM SIERRA LEONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Cannonier ◽  
Naci Mocan
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:We use data from Sierra Leone where a substantial education program provided increased access to education for primary-school age children but did not benefit children who were older. We exploit the variation in access to the program generated by date of birth and the variation in resources between various districts of the country. We find that an increase in schooling, triggered by the program, has an impact on women's attitudes toward matters that impact women's health and on attitudes regarding violence against women. An increase in education reduces the number of desired children by women and increases their propensity to use modern contraception and to be tested for AIDS. While education makes women more intolerant of practices that conflict with their well-being, increased education has no impact on men's attitudes toward women's well-being. Thus, it is unclear whether the change in attitudes would translate into behavioral changes. Consistent with this finding, education (on this margin) has no impact on women's propensity to get married, their age at first marriage or age at first birth.

Student Attitudes toward Sports and Fitness Activities after Graduation

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Forrester ◽  
Christopher Arterberry ◽  
Bob Barcelona
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Sports Involvement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Colleges and universities have generally been seen as environments where physical activity can be facilitated and promoted. Most colleges and universities offer programs and facilities that promote participation in recreational sports, physical activity, and overall physical health. This study was designed to examine the relationship between recreational sports involvement, satisfaction, interpersonal and group, physical health and well-being, and academic benefits of involvement and the importance of sports and fitness activities after graduation. Surveys were randomly distributed to students ( N = 718) participating in a variety of recreational sports programs. Multiple regression was used to analyze the relationship between the predictor variables (involvement, satisfaction, and benefits of involvement) and the outcome variable (importance of sports and fitness activities after graduation). Only physical health and well-being benefits and the combined measure of recreational sports involvement were significant predictor variables in the regression equation. Understanding the impact of campus programs devoted to influencing positive health behavior, including physical activity, is a critical component in understanding the benefits of recreational sports involvement. Suggestions for future research are made in the context of the limitations of the study.

Do You Feel Better When You Behave More Extraverted Than You Are? The Relationship Between Cumulative Counterdispositional Extraversion and Positive Feelings

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110150
Author(s):  
E. Kuijpers ◽  
J. Pickett ◽  
B. Wille ◽  
J. Hofmans
Keyword(s):  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Relationship

The idea that increased levels of extraversion are beneficial to well-being is widespread. Drawing on the idea that behaving discordant to one’s trait level is demanding and effortful to maintain, and that repeated taxations of one’s self-regulatory resources are unpleasant, we examined the relationship between cumulative counterdispositional extraversion and positive feelings. In two experience-sampling (ESM) studies, participants repeatedly rated their level of state extraversion and positive feelings. Results revealed that cumulative positive deviations from one’s trait extraversion level were positively associated with positive feelings, whereas cumulative negative deviations were negatively associated with positive feelings. This confirms the idea that, also when looking at cumulative instances of extraversion-related behaviors, higher levels of extraversion go hand in hand with higher levels of positive feelings.

Measuring levels of self-esteem of students with visual impairments in regular schools in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 026461962110516
Author(s):  
Orestes Silverius Kapinga ◽  
Mbwiga Aloni
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
The Relationship

The global statistics show that more than 2.2 billion people are either faced with vision impairment or blindness. Visual impairment has been shown to affect young people’s emotional and psychological well-being, and has a profound effect on education attainment. This study assessed the levels of self-esteem of students with visual impairments in regular secondary schools in Tanzania. This was a cross-sectional research study. Self-esteem of students with visual impairment was studied in a group of 55 students included in two regular secondary schools enrolling students with visual impairments in Ruvuma and Iringa regions in Tanzania mainland. A set of self-esteem aspects was used to construct the outcome variable. Levels of self-esteem of students were obtained using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The findings show 7.3% and 92.7% of students with visual impairments constitutes low and high self-esteem respectively. Levels of self-esteem for students with visual impairments were independent of students’ class ( p = .440), sex ( p = .528) and type of disability ( p = .169). Intrinsic self-esteem is more advocated among students with visual impairments in regular secondary schools in Tanzania. Further study on the relationship between levels of self-esteem and students’ performance needs to be addressed. Self-esteem was self-reported by students without any means of confirmation of the responses. This may have affected the estimated prevalence levels of students’ self-esteem.

The Relationship between Meaning in life, Smartphone addiction and Well-being: An Investigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rageshawari Munderia ◽  
Rajbala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
The Relationship

The integration of smartphone in daily life has provided plethora of opportunity for constant social communication, information and entertainment. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in increased addiction for smartphone. There is dearth of research addressing the association between smartphone addiction with important psycho-social dimensions. Thus, in this context the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between meaning in life, smartphone addiction and both types of well-being (subjective well-being & psychological well-being). Secondly, the study explored the mediational role of smartphone addiction between meaning in life and well-being. The data was collected from five hundred nine (n=509) adult participants. Findings of the study revealed that (i) dimensions of meaning in life were significantly associated with smartphone addiction (ii) efficacy was negatively associated with smartphone addiction whereas personal & social involvement, and traditional value were positively associated with smartphone addiction (iii) smartphone addiction was negatively associated with psychological well-being but not with subjective well-being (iv) smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between meaning in life (value & self-worth) and psychological well-being. Results of the present study may imply that enhancing efficacy might help in mitigate negative consequences associated with smartphone addiction. The findings of the study also provide indications for future research to explore the relationship between smartphone addiction and psycho-social variables in an in-depth manner.

Political Legitimacy, Political Symbols, and National Leadership in West Africa

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Hayward ◽  
Ahmed R. Dumbuya
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on the relationship between political symbols and the legitimation of national leadership in Ghana, Guinea, Senegal, and Sierra Leone. We are particularly interested in ways in which their leaders have used myths and symbols in an attempt to foster or enhance the legitimacy of their régimes in the face of severe economic and political crises.

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