scholarly journals Latex Micro Diagnosis, Modern Management Tool of Rubber Plantations of Clones With Active or Rapid Metabolism IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Adou Bini Yao Christophe ◽  
Okoma Koffi Mathurin ◽  
Obouayeba Abba Pacôme ◽  
Atsin Guy Joël Olivier ◽  
Ballo Espérence Kouadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness

The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with active or rapid metabolism (IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330), six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1.y1) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y-1). Their trees show a wellbalanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies “ S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y ” for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.

scholarly journals Contribution of Latex Micro Diagnosis to Modern Management of Rubber Plantations: Case of Clones With Low or Slow Metabolism PB 217 and PR 107

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Adou Bini Yao Christophe ◽  
Okoma Koffi Mathurin ◽  
Obouayeba Abba Pacôme ◽  
Atsin Guy Joël Olivier ◽  
Ballo Espérence Kouadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness

The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with low or slow metabolism, six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1 .y-1 ) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y -1 ). Their trees show a well-balanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies "S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y, S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 8/y” for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of the Agro-physiological Advantages of Upward Tapping in Relation to the Downward Tapping of the GT 1 and PB 260 Rubber Clones [Hevea brasiliensis, Muell. arg. (Euphorbiaceae)] in Southwest Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
A. P. Moro ◽  
B. Y. C. Adou ◽  
M. Diarrassouba ◽  
D. Konan ◽  
E. F. Soumahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Productivity Gain ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness

The downward tapping on virgin bark of the lower panel (BO) is immediately followed by the upward tapping on virgin bark of the upper panel (HO), consecutively. To determine the agro-physiological advantages of one tapping over another, a study of the downward and upward tapping of the GT 1 and PB 260 clones of Hevea brasiliensis was carried out in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. For this purpose, the rubber trees were tapped in a downward half-spiral (S/2) at the opening for nine consecutive years, followed by upward quarter-spiral tapping (S/4U) for four consecutive years. The agronomic parameters (rubber production and vegetative growth), tapping panel dryness and the latex micro-diagnosis, were evaluated. For GT 1 clone, the transition from the downward tapping panels to the upward tapping panels resulted rubber productivity gain of 35%. Meanwhile for PB 260, rubber productivity gain was 37%. Regardless of the clone and tapping direction, the higher the rubber productivity of a respective tapping panel, the lower the isodiametric growth of the tree trunk was recorded. Latex harvesting systems, and clone’s combination, did not influence the tapping panel dryness or the physiological profile of the trees. Finally, it should be concluded that upward tapping is more productive than downward tapping, but the quantification of the gains in this rubber production depends on the clone.

scholarly journals Effect of high-frequency tapping system on latex yield, tapping panel dryness, and biochemistry of young hillside tapping rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2359-2367
Author(s):  
Raweerat RUKKHUN ◽  
Kesinee IAMSAARD ◽  
Sayan SDOODEE ◽  
Nipon MAWAN ◽  
Nuttapon KHONGDEE
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness ◽  
Latex Yield

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of high-frequency tapping system (1/3S 3d/4) on latex yield, biochemistry and its impact on the Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) of young RRIM600 hillside tapping rubber. The experiment was conducted at three different hillside rubber plantations (NM 1 - 3) at Na-Mom district, Song Khla province, Thailand. Eight-year-old rubber RRIM 600 clones was used in the experiment starting from 2008 until 2009. The rubber trees were investigated for latex yield production, bark consumption, and TPD. In addition, latex diagnosis (sucrose, inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and thiol levels) was measured. The results demonstrated that high-frequency tapping system positively affected the rubber latex yield formation. However, site-specific condition of rubber plantation altered latex yield production. NM 3 provided the highest latex yield (fresh and dry weight) as compared to other plantations. Tapping frequency was highly correlated to latex yield (fresh and dry weights) in all investigated rubber plantations (R2 > 0.75). Using high-frequency tapping system increased bark consumption and stimulated TPD. Moreover, results of latex diagnosis (sucrose, Pi, and thiol levels) showed relatively unhealthy rubber tree as impacted by high-frequency tapping system. Therefore, the farmer should consider it for better decision-making for tapping system application.

scholarly journals БИХЕВИОРИСТИЧКИ АСПЕКТИ БУЏЕТИРАЊA ПРЕДУЗЕЋА

TEME ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Блаоје Новићевић ◽  
Марија Грујица Никодијевић
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Dysfunctional Behavior ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Management Instrument ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Budgeting Process

Budgeting is an efficient management tool by which future financial performances of an enterprise are projected ie. enterprises’ expectations are expressed in the formal - quantitative terms. A paper illustrates the role and importance of budgeting as a management instrument and how companies can improve their business using budgeting. Simultaneously with the usе of budgeting in the company, the occurrence of a specific behavior of managers and employees is observed in practice, which is caused by the budgeting process. The paper examines how budgeting affects the behavior and interpersonal relationships within the company ie. it explores the behavioural aspects of budgeting. The paper attempts to identify the nature and effects of behavioral aspects of enterprise budgeting in order to eliminate dysfunctional behavior or at least to reduce it to an acceptable level.

scholarly journals Under-vine cover crops: impact on weed development, yield and grape composition

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-983
Author(s):  
Javier Abad ◽  
Marín Diana ◽  
Santesteban L. Gonzaga ◽  
Cibriáin José Félix ◽  
Sagüés Ana
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aims to evaluate the interest of using an under-vine cover crop as a sustainable management tool replacing herbicides or tillage to control weeds, evaluating its effects on yield and berry parameters in a semi-arid climate. The performance of Trifolium fragiferum as an under-vine cover crop was evaluated in 2018 and 2019 in a Merlot vineyard in Traibuenas (Navarra, Spain). This trial showed that the soil under the vines was covered by 80 % of the cover crop in August 2018 and 100 % in Aug 2019, with clover (T. fragiferum) comprising around 26 % and 70 % of the cover crop surface, respectively. The presence of the cover crop only reduced the number of shoots in the second year, although both years there was an increment in water stress. Neither yield, cluster weight nor berry weight were affected by the presence of the under-vine cover crop. Similarly, no changes in grape composition were observed. The use of T. fragiferum-like cover crops under the vine allows for better control of weeds, provided a good installation is achieved. In the first two years, this cover crop reduced vegetative growth and increased water deficit slightly. However, no changes in yield and grape composition were observed.In a context of herbicide suppression and search for sustainable management, under-vine clover cover crops constitute a viable alternative in semi-arid regions provided drip irrigation can be applied. 

scholarly journals Effect of different preceding crops and land preparation methods on the agrophysiological and health parameters of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg clone GT 1 in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Ballo Esperence Kouadio ◽  
Soumahin Eric Francis ◽  
Ballo Koffi Celestin ◽  
Elabo Agnyman Eliathe Angeline ◽  
Adou Bini Yao Christophe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness

Land preparation method and preceding crops affect the evolution of rubber trees. Its ignorance and/or poor execution do not allow the efficient development of the agronomic and economic potentialities of plantations. In order to remove this constraint, a study was undertaken in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The rubber trees were planted at 510 trees/ha according to a Fisherblock experimental design, of six preceding crop treatments with three repetitions. Only one latex harvesting system was applied (S/2 d/4 6d/7 ET 2.5% Pa 1 (1) 6/y). The parameters measured were rubber yield, annual average girth increment, physiological profile, sensitivity to tapping panel dryness and sensitivity to root rot caused by the genus Fomes. The results showed that the rate of rubber trees found in the plots was good (90.73± 0.47 %) and had varied with land preparation method depending on the preceding crops. Vegetative growth at tapping (2.05±1.36 cm.year -1 ), and average rubber yield (2053±179 kg.ha-1 .year -1 ) and the rate of tree loss due to the genus Fomes (8.33±0.42%) were influenced by land preparation method. The good productivity, the good physiological state of the rubber trees were characterized by a well balanced physiological profile and a tapping panel dryness rate (3.60 ± 1.74%), independently of treatments. The Agroeconomic results showed that mechanically prepared fallow (813641 FCFA.ha-1 .year -1 ) was the best preceding crop and land preparation method. This technical result has two main interests for the national rubber-growing industry, since it actively participates in the national policy for fighting against deforestation but also contributes to the establishment of a secondary forest by the attributes of the rubber-growing plant cover.

scholarly journals Organizing the Net-Wide Public Expert Evaluation Based on Collective Intelligence Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
B.  B. Slavin ◽  
A.  B. Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Professional Expertise ◽  
Technology Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Global Communications

Public expertise is now becoming an important element of public administration within the concept of open government, allowing to develop strategic plans and programs for the state development. Without the use of network and global communications, it is impossible to organize the expertise with the participation of a large number of specialists. However, the existing network methods of public expertise are not effective, what indicates the relevance of technology study for the organization of public expertise. The purpose of the given article is to study the possibility of using collective intelligence technologies for the organization of public expertise. The research was initiated by the need to study the possibility of using public expertise in the activities of distributed situation centres, which are the basis of public administration. In this regard, a comparative analysis of public and professional expertise was carried out. Possibility of the transfer of the professional expert technology for public expertise was shown. It enables to apply the competence approach and the technologies of collective intelligence for public expertise. The substantiation of the convergence of public and professional expertise allowed to reveal the basic principles of the public expertise organization on the basis of collective intelligence technologies. Among such principles there are: the requirement of closeness of expert communities; participation of representatives of science and practice in the public expertise; competence approach; joint collaborative activities and constant mutual rating of experts. The formulated principles of the organization of public expertise are given in comparison with the use of crowdsourcing. At present, there is a certain disappointment in the use of network methods for the organization of public expertise due to the limited crowdsourcing technologies. The proposed approach to the use of collective intelligence technologies will change the attitude to public expertise as an effective and efficient management tool in the use of open government tools. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Soil Microbial Composition and Diversity Between Mixed and Monoculture Rubber Plantations in Hainan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291987607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Jatoi ◽  
Guoyu Lan ◽  
Zhixiang Wu ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Chuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Bacterial

This study aimed to compare monoculture and mixed rubber plantations in terms of their soil bacterial and fungal composition. An Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis was performed to investigate the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial and fungal communities among three different rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis) plantations: monoculture, Mixed 1 ( Hevea brasiliensis and Mytilaria laosensis), and Mixed 2 ( Hevea brasiliensis and Michelia macclurei) in Hainan. The results showed that the bacterial composition of the three rubber plantations was basically similar. However, there was a significant difference in fungal communities among the three rubber plantations at both the phylum and operational taxonomic unit level. The species richness, Chao, and Shannon diversity of bacterial communities of monoculture rubber plantations were higher than the Mixed 1 and Mixed 2 rubber plantations, whereas all diversity indexes of fungal communities were relatively equal for the monoculture and mixed rubber plantations. Soil nutrition (such as total nitrogen and total potassium) and soil pH are the main drivers of the bacterial composition ( p <  .001). However, soil pH and water content are the main drivers of the fungal composition ( p <  .001), and to some extent, soil pH can increase soil bacteria diversity. We suggest that alkaline fertilizers should be applied in mixed rubber plantations to improve the soil pH and, consequently, to increase the total diversity of the rubber plantation.

scholarly journals Effect of Late Upward Tapping on the Productivity of the Metabolically Active Hevea brasiliensis Clone PB 260 in Southwestern Cote d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Kouakou N’guessan Kan Pulchérie ◽  
Moro Affia Perpetue ◽  
Diarrassouba Moussa ◽  
Lehi Irénée Malydie ◽  
Konan Djézou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Société Civile

In order to evaluate the improvement of rubber productivity of rubber trees by late upward tapping. A study was conducted at SCASO (Société Civile Agricole du Sud-Ouest) on the PB 260 clone of the active metabolic class. The experimental set-up is a Fisher block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments compared were bled in reverse in the eleventh year of harvest, in quarter spiral every 3, 4, 5 and 6 days, with stimulation frequencies of 6, 8, 10, 12 and 13 times a year. The parameters measured were rubber production, isodiametric growth, sensitivity to dry notching of trees and physiological profile. The results show that the different latex harvesting technologies improve the rubber productivity of PB 260 (5469 kg.ha-1.yr-1) with a low dry-nut rate (1.2%) and satisfactory radial vegetative growth (3.9cm.yr-1). The physiological profile of the trees is balanced, but the treatments significantly influenced the different parameters except sucrose. Trees bled in S/4U d3 gave better results due to their high yield with an acceptable dry notch rate. Late reverse tapping is therefore a good latex harvesting technology for improving rubber productivity after down tapping.

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