scholarly journals Covid-19 et impacts du confinement sur la population de Niamey (Niger)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (27) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ousseini Issa

Appelée « virus chinois » au début de sa propagation, la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) a bouleversé la planète terre à cause de son ampleur sanitaire, socio-économique, culturelle, géopolitique, etc. Au moment où les pays occidentaux et autres contrées du monde, en l’occurrence l’Amérique Latine et quelques pays asiatiques comme la Chine et l’Inde, comptent leurs milliers de morts et millions d’infectés par cette maladie, en Afrique subsaharienne particulièrement au Niger la Covid-19 a eu très peu d’impact sanitaire sur la population. Mais pour des mesures préventives, les gouvernants nigériens ont pris des dispositifs coercitifs semblables à ceux des pays fortement touchés par la pandémie du coronavirus. Ainsi, il est à constater le confinement d’une importante partie de la population et l’instauration d’un couvre-feu nocturne qui restreint ipso facto les libertés individuelles fondamentales. Cette restriction n’a pas été sans conséquence sur le climat social, provoquant ainsi des remous sociaux, des vives contestations voire la désobéissance civile résultant par des violences policières hors normes surtout à Niamey dans la capitale nigérienne. Cette étude est essentiellement basée sur la méthode qualitative à travers l’usage de la grille d’observation et du guide d’entretien semi-dirigé comme outils d’enquête pour analyser les impacts du confinement contre la Covid-19 sur les personnes victimes et témoins des effets du couvre-feu et/ou des violences policières à Niamey. Leurs perceptions déterminent des comportements qui banalisent ou non les gestes barrières contre le coronavirus. Quant aux résultats de l’étude, ils montrent que les violences policières reflètent le caractère conflictuel de la gestion de cette pandémie et freinent l’adhésion pacifique et totale de la population aux mesures préventives contre la Covid-19. Ces résultats montrent aussi que l’absence des mesures d’accompagnement conséquentes des autorités politiques a considérablement contribué à l’inobservance desdites mesures par la population de Niamey. Some people name it "Chinese virus" as it spreads. The 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) disrupts our planet earth because of its health, socio-economic, cultural, geopolitical scale, etc. At a time when Western countries and other parts of the world, in this case Latin America and some Asian countries such as China and India, count their thousands of deaths and millions infected by this disease, in Sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Niger, Covid-19 has very little health impact on the population. But, for preventive measures, nigérien rulers have taken coercive measures similar to those in countries strongly affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, it is to be noted that locking down a large part of the population and setting of a night curfew which ipso facto restrict fundamental individual freedoms. Indeed, this restriction has consequences on social scale by causing for instance social unrest, strong protests and even civil disobedience resulting in extraordinary police violence, especially in Niamey, the capital City of Niger. This study is essentially based on the qualitative method through the use of observation grid and semi-structured interview guide as survey tools to analyze the impacts of locking down against Covid-19 of people who are victims and witnesses of the curfew effects and/or police violence in Niamey. Their perceptions determine behaviors that may or may not trivialize barrier gestures against coronavirus. As for the outcomes of our study, they show that police violence reflects conflictual nature of management of this pandemic and hinders the peaceful and total support of the population for preventive measures against Covid-19. These results also show the absence of subsequent additional measures from political authorities leading considerably to the nonobservance of these measures by the population of Niamey.

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Tetteh ◽  
Lara Lengel

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing health and environmental concern in developing countries. In the sub-Saharan African region e-waste is considered a crisis with no end in sight yet; there is lack of structures and regulations to manage the problem. In this article, we discuss the potential of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in addressing the health, environmental, and social impacts of e-waste in sub-Saharan Africa. We draw from environmental policy, environmental communication, global health policy, and health communication to argue that managing e-waste could be framed as ongoing HIA where all the steps of HIA are performed on a rolling basis with input from local communities. Further, we suggest that HIA should be infused into recycling legislation to help streamline the practice in order to make it safe for health and the environment and to maximize the economic benefits.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschal Anosike

Previous research has focused on stable developed economies to predict that human capital and entrepreneurship education (EE) provision at the higher education (HE) level will positively affect entrepreneurial success. This article draws on the outcome of recent EE projects in two HE institutions in a conflict-torn northern Nigeria as a proxy to advocate the introduction of entrepreneurship as a compulsory component into the secondary school curriculum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using semi-structured interview data, it is found that the provision of EE at secondary education level could help to facilitate human capital development and assist efforts to curb youth unemployment. Specifically, the study suggests that EE comprises both generic and specific human capital that increases an individual’s ability to identify and exploit opportunities, particularly for young people, and in doing so helps to reduce their vulnerability to poverty and involvement in armed conflict. Suggestions for future research and policy considerations are provided.


Aquaculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M.G. Hounmanou ◽  
R.H. Mdegela ◽  
T.V. Dougnon ◽  
M.E. Achoh ◽  
O.J. Mhongole ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Milburga ATCERO

Cette contribution vise à évaluer de façon critique les nouveaux défis liés à la traduction et à l’interprétation (TI) dans une Afrique subsaharienne caractérisée par sa grande diversité linguistique. L’auteur espère identifier et suggérer des méthodologies pouvant être appliquées pour rapprocher cette région du reste du monde. Il identifie, en outre, la nécessité pour l’Afrique subsaharienne de mettre en œuvre des politiques et pratiques qui favorisent le multilinguisme. Elles sont principalement basées sur la pluralité des langues, avec un espace adéquat pour les langues internationales, étant donnée le rôle crucial des parcours scolaires sur ce continent. Dans l’environnement de travail dynamique d’aujourd’hui, différentes institutions reconnaissent le rôle important joué par la TI dans la recherche et le renforcement de l’efficacité des individus comme des organisations. L’auteur s’appuie sur un cadre logique illustrant l’importance de la traduction dans les sphères socioculturelles et linguistiques, pour la production de connaissances sur l’Afrique. Il soutient que la traduction devrait être considérée comme une occasion d’explorer la diversité des possibles dans la littérature africaine. Il conclut en décrivant les méthodes envisageables et les nouvelles orientations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e002948
Author(s):  
Safia S Jiwani ◽  
Giovanna Gatica-Domínguez ◽  
Inacio Crochemore-Silva ◽  
Abdoulaye Maïga ◽  
Shelley Walton ◽  
...  

IntroductionEvidence on the rate at which the double burden of malnutrition unfolds is limited. We quantified trends and inequalities in the nutritional status of adolescent girls and adult women in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe analysed 102 Demographic and Health Surveys between 1993 and 2017 from 35 countries. We assessed regional trends through cross-sectional series analyses and ran multilevel linear regression models to estimate the average annual rate of change (AARC) in the prevalence of underweight, anaemia, anaemia during pregnancy, overweight and obesity among women by their age, residence, wealth and education levels. We quantified current absolute inequalities in these indicators and wealth-inequality trends.ResultsThere was a modest decline in underweight prevalence (AARC=−0.14 percentage points (pp), 95% CI −0.17 to -0.11). Anaemia declined fastest among adult women and the richest pregnant women with an AARC of −0.67 pp (95% CI −1.06 to -0.28) and −0.97 pp (95% CI −1.60 to -0.34), respectively, although it affects all women with no marked disparities. Overweight is increasing rapidly among adult women and women with no education. Capital city residents had a threefold more rapid rise in obesity (AARC=0.47 pp, 95% CI 0.39, 0.55), compared with their rural counterparts. Absolute inequalities suggest that Ethiopia and South Africa have the largest gap in underweight (15.4 pp) and obesity (28.5 pp) respectively, between adult and adolescent women. Regional wealth inequalities in obesity are widening by 0.34 pp annually.ConclusionUnderweight persists, while overweight and obesity are rising among adult women, the rich and capital city residents. Adolescent girls do not present adverse nutritional outcomes except anaemia, remaining high among all women. Multifaceted responses with an equity lens are needed to ensure no woman is left behind.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Justus I. Emukule ◽  
Mary J. Kipsat ◽  
Caroline C. Wambui

Market participation in sub-Saharan Africa has been assessed mainly based on already producing households by looking at whether they sold or not, and if they sold, what quantities. The objective of this study was to determine the socio economic factors that influenced households’ decisions on market participation in terms of dairy cow ownership and quantity of milk sold while taking into consideration the non-producers using Heckman two stage model. The model allowed for not only determination of the effects of household characteristics on volume of milk surplus sold by already producing households but also drew inferences on the effect of household characteristics on probabilities of dairy cow ownership whileadding new information to literature by generating the truncation effect. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 544 producer and non-producer households and primary data collected using a semi structured interview schedule through personal interviews. From the results, probit marginal effects for dairy cow ownership were associated positively and statistically significant with household size, the level of education and land size owned by the households. The Heckman selection estimates revealed that increased number of dairy cows per household positively influenced the volumes of milk sold, while household size influenced negatively the quantity of milk sold. In conclusion, milk sales conditional on dairy cow ownership suffered from negative selectivity bias whereby a household with sample average characteristics who selected into dairy cow ownership secured 40% lower quantity of milk sold than would a household drawn at random.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Petros Woldu Fessehatsion ◽  
Pai Peng

This paper seeks to contribute a fresh perspective meant to enrich the current limited discourse on teacher retention and attrition in Sub Saharan Africa particularly in Eritrea. Factors leading to teachers’ retention and attrition in middle and secondary schools in Eritrea are discussed. Results of an in-depth semi-structured interview with thirteen teachers in five purposefully selected schools show that low remuneration, poor school leadership, school-home distance, and placement without preference & interest are factors for teacher attrition. Conversely, meagre alternative employment opportunities, love of the profession, and love of the school children play a crucial role in teachers’ persistence in their profession. Although the study was carried out among few teachers and few schools, the findings present valuable discoveries useful for policymakers, school leaders, and stakeholders in the struggle for retaining quality teachers in the schools.  


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