scholarly journals Exploring Teachers’ Retention and Attrition in Middle and Secondary Schools in Eritrea: Perspectives of Currently Serving Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Petros Woldu Fessehatsion ◽  
Pai Peng
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Teacher Attrition ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Quality Teachers ◽  
Alternative Employment ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Retention And Attrition ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper seeks to contribute a fresh perspective meant to enrich the current limited discourse on teacher retention and attrition in Sub Saharan Africa particularly in Eritrea. Factors leading to teachers’ retention and attrition in middle and secondary schools in Eritrea are discussed. Results of an in-depth semi-structured interview with thirteen teachers in five purposefully selected schools show that low remuneration, poor school leadership, school-home distance, and placement without preference & interest are factors for teacher attrition. Conversely, meagre alternative employment opportunities, love of the profession, and love of the school children play a crucial role in teachers’ persistence in their profession. Although the study was carried out among few teachers and few schools, the findings present valuable discoveries useful for policymakers, school leaders, and stakeholders in the struggle for retaining quality teachers in the schools.  

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship education as human capital: Implications for youth self-employment and conflict mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschal Anosike
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secondary School Curriculum ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Capital Development

Previous research has focused on stable developed economies to predict that human capital and entrepreneurship education (EE) provision at the higher education (HE) level will positively affect entrepreneurial success. This article draws on the outcome of recent EE projects in two HE institutions in a conflict-torn northern Nigeria as a proxy to advocate the introduction of entrepreneurship as a compulsory component into the secondary school curriculum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using semi-structured interview data, it is found that the provision of EE at secondary education level could help to facilitate human capital development and assist efforts to curb youth unemployment. Specifically, the study suggests that EE comprises both generic and specific human capital that increases an individual’s ability to identify and exploit opportunities, particularly for young people, and in doing so helps to reduce their vulnerability to poverty and involvement in armed conflict. Suggestions for future research and policy considerations are provided.

scholarly journals Determinants of Households’ Market Participation around Community Milk Cooling Plants, Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Justus I. Emukule ◽  
Mary J. Kipsat ◽  
Caroline C. Wambui
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Market participation in sub-Saharan Africa has been assessed mainly based on already producing households by looking at whether they sold or not, and if they sold, what quantities. The objective of this study was to determine the socio economic factors that influenced households’ decisions on market participation in terms of dairy cow ownership and quantity of milk sold while taking into consideration the non-producers using Heckman two stage model. The model allowed for not only determination of the effects of household characteristics on volume of milk surplus sold by already producing households but also drew inferences on the effect of household characteristics on probabilities of dairy cow ownership whileadding new information to literature by generating the truncation effect. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 544 producer and non-producer households and primary data collected using a semi structured interview schedule through personal interviews. From the results, probit marginal effects for dairy cow ownership were associated positively and statistically significant with household size, the level of education and land size owned by the households. The Heckman selection estimates revealed that increased number of dairy cows per household positively influenced the volumes of milk sold, while household size influenced negatively the quantity of milk sold. In conclusion, milk sales conditional on dairy cow ownership suffered from negative selectivity bias whereby a household with sample average characteristics who selected into dairy cow ownership secured 40% lower quantity of milk sold than would a household drawn at random.

scholarly journals Youth empowerment in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) of sub-Saharan Africa: the role of corporate social responsibility in Niger Delta, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji ◽  
Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Research Assistants

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs’) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of Global Memorandum of Understandings (GMOUs) on rural young people involved in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for sustainable livelihood in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected from primary sources, using participatory rural appraisal technique of semi-structured interview questionnaire. The use of participatory research techniques in collecting CSR impact data especially as it concerns the rural young people is because it involves the people being studied, and their views on all the issues are paramount. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Inferential statistical tool – estimation of logit model was used to test the two research hypothesis. Findings The results indicate that GMoUs have not given adequate attention to young people as a special target sub-group who live in rural areas and depend mostly on NTFPs. Results also show that a number of factors hindering rural young people from the use and development of NTFPs include a policy vacuum, non-destructive harvesting, and destruction of natural habitats, bushfires, population growths and high demands. Research limitations/implications The semi-structured interview questionnaire was directly administered by the researchers with the help of research assistants. The use of local research assistants was because of the inability of the researchers to speak the different local languages and dialects of the many ethnic groups of Ijaws, Ogonis, Ikweres, Etches, Ekpeyes, Ogbas, Engennes, Obolos, Isokos, Nembes, Okirikas, Kalabaris, Urhobos, Iteskiris, Igbos, Ika-Igbos, Ndonis, Orons, Ibenos, Yorubas, Ibibios, Anangs, Efiks, Bekwarras, Binis, Eshans, Etsakos, Owans, Itigidis, Epies, Akokoedos, Yakkurs, etc., in the sampled rural communities. Practical implications An appropriate GMoU-intervention framework for sustainable promotion of NTFPs, domestication of NFTPs, improving harvesting and processing techniques are necessary to facilitate good security, reduction of poverty and improved livelihoods, particularly for the economically-marginalized and forest-dependent rural young people is imperative. Social implications Sustainable livelihoods of the forest-dependent rural young people in sub-Saharan Africa would require some focussed CSR interventions on the NTFPs for sustainable livelihood. Facilities pertaining to storage, grading, processing and value addition through the convergence of existing schemes and programmes should be promoted and created. MOCs are in a position to empower the rural young people with information about the market, policy and products to enable the rural people strategizing and accessing returns from NTFPs in sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value This research adds to the literature on multinational enterprises’ CSR initiatives in developing countries and rationale for demands for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of sustainable livelihood.

Prevalence and determinants of abnormal glucose metabolism in urban and rural secondary schools in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study in a sub-Saharan Africa setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicité Kamdem ◽  
Daniel Lemogoum ◽  
Ahmadou Musa Jingi ◽  
Stéphane Choupo Guetchuin ◽  
Caroline Kenmegne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Sub Saharan

Nurse Managers’ Perspectives on Care Quality and Safety in Rural Hospitals in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Alexis Kakyo ◽  
Lily Dongxia Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Rural Hospitals ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ward Nurse ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Safe Care

Rural hospitals in sub-Saharan African countries play a key role in dealing with a high level of disease burden, but are usually poorly equipped with resources. Ward nurse managers in rural hospitals are in an ideal position to negotiate resources and bridge gaps in quality improvements. The aim of this study was to explore nurse managers’ perspectives on quality and safe care in rural hospitals in Uganda. This was a qualitative interpretive study in which 11 ward nurse managers with at least two years’ experience in the role were purposively selected to participate in the study. In-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were applied for data collection. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse the data. Four themes were identified from the interviews. These themes explained how nurse managers engaged stakeholders in quality and safe care for patients; supported staff through supervision; improvised practices to cope with resource and equipment constraints; and being constrained by poor working conditions. Nurse managers in rural hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa face unique challenges in ensuring quality and safe care for patients due to a lack of basic human and material resources. The strategies they apply in quality improvements have implications for policy and resource development.

scholarly journals Marketing Research and the Potentials of SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Conceptual Evidence from Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Onigbinde Isaac Oladepo ◽  
Ojo James Olanipekun
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>This study evaluated the relevance of marketing research in unveiling the potentials of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa with conceptual evidence from Nigeria. The study attempted to paint the pictures of marketing research and SMEs within the context of entrepreneurial marketing scheme. The study also adopted schema theory, the cognitive scheme for processing and retrieving marketing information, as the underpinning theory for the study. The explanatory cross-sectional survey research design was adopted as the study guide. The population of the study is made up of all operators of SMEs in Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling technique, 248 marketing research-oriented operators of SMEs were selected. A structured interview schedule, which contains a number of nominal construct items, was used as research instrument to generate primary data from respondents that cut across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients for all major constructs of the research instrument ranged between 0.73 and 0.81, while Average Variance Extracted (AVE) which further served as additional evidence of convergent validity also ranged from 0.842 to 0.865. Data generated were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the relevance of marketing research in unveiling the potentials of SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa can only be appreciated in the context of marketing function. Public relations and corporate affairs, human resource and personnel management, marketing and strategic management, as well as financial planning and technical development were conceptualized as the functional areas of business in which marketing research can easily be deployed to unveil the potentials of SMEs for optimal performance in sub-Saharan African region. The study concluded that some concerted efforts are needed to be made to reinvigorate the activities of the SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa. Marketing research, as amodern commercial tool, provides the required insights, direction and guide for optimized economic performance and sustainability of micro, small and medium scale enterprises in the region.</p>

scholarly journals Attainment of menstrual hygiene by girls in boarding secondary schools in a state in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C. Inyang Etoh ◽  
Uwemedimbuk S. Ekanem ◽  
Aniefiok J. Umoiyoho
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Major Factors

Background: Menarche is the most dramatic manifestation of puberty in girls; unlike the biometric developmental changes that occur at puberty, menarche requires the personal adjustment and response of an affected girl in order to attain good menstrual hygiene. This study was designed to evaluate how boarding secondary school girls manage their menstruation in school, away from the guidance of their parents.Methods: A cross sectional survey was performed in four public boarding secondary schools in the study area with the aid of structured questionnaires to evaluate how such girls manage their menstruation while in school.Results: The study population was 975 girls whose survey revealed the mean age at menarche of 12.5±1.4 years.  Seven hundred and two (72.0%) respondents had received sexuality education before onset of menarche. Respondents who attained good menstrual hygiene were 775(79.5%). Such respondents were those who had received sexuality education (p<0.001) and those who had access to synthetic sanitary pad (p=0.005). Duration of the menstrual period and the volume of menstrual blood loss did not affect (p=0.219) the ability of respondents to attain good menstrual hygiene. Respondents who received sexuality education had about 605 chances of attaining good menstrual hygiene than those who did not receive such education.Conclusions: A vast majority of the respondents had received sexuality education before onset of menarche and a larger proportion attained good menstrual hygiene. Major factors that positively influenced the girls’ capacity to attained good menstrual hygiene were prior sexuality education and access to synthetic sanitary pad.

scholarly journals Adoptive Behaviors of Farmers After Training and Their Subsequent Diffusive Behaviors In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shelburne ◽  
David E. Lawver ◽  
Steven Fraze ◽  
Jonathan Ulmer ◽  
Charles Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Social Modeling ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Agricultural Innovations

This study focused on Kenyan farmers in the Moiben area who participated in three agricultural seminars at Twiga demonstration farm. The problem of interest was the need for increased dissemination of improved agricultural practices to enhance production and processing of crops related to food security and socio-economic well-being. The study investigated associations between adoptive behaviors of participants and their subsequent behavior related to diffusing improved practices to others. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and two structured interview schedules. Correlational analysis was conducted on post-training behavior variables, using Kendall’s tau calculations. The study found that farmers across the samples who exhibited higher levels of adoption of workshop-recommended innovations also had a moderate to strong likelihood of showing correspondingly higher levels of diffusion-related behavior. It was concluded that these findings align well with Rogers’ (2003) discussion of change-agent credibility, and also with Bandura’s (2006) work on social modeling and perceived self-efficacy. It was recommended that offering community-based agricultural seminars such as those in this study be continued and expanded, as an important component in a pluralistic model of agricultural extension methodology for Sub-Saharan Africa. It was further recommended that farmers who adopt improved practices learned in training be identified specifically for further interventions related to implementation and diffusion of agricultural innovations.

scholarly journals Challenges of Effective Principals Leadership in School Improvement in Government Secondary Schools of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Diriba Kene ◽  
Hussien Kedir ◽  
Garkebo Basha ◽  
Feyera Dinsa
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Regional State

This research study aimed at investigating varied challenges that principals have been facing in an endeavor of school improvement in terms of input, process and outputs in secondary Schools of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. In this study, a qualitative research approach was followed and as such the data were collected with the help of semi-structured interview guides and focus group discussions. The study employed clustering, stratified, random and purposive sampling techniques to select 6 zones of Oromia region out of 20; 80 sample secondary schools out of 30, to draw 45 interviewees and 36 discussants, respectively. In this way, the interviews were conducted with the interviewees and focus group discussions were carried out among the discussants. Data obtained from these informants were analyzed using thematic analysis and narrative methods and paraphrasing the results of the discussants. The study identified inactive involvement of key stakeholders in the schools’ affairs; a weak capacity building for the principals; poor effort and commitment of students for class attendance and improvement of academic results; shortages of standard facilities and inputs; weakness of the principals together with SIP committee in properly developing strategic plan of the schools were among the main challenges that hindered effectiveness of principals’ school leadership in overall improvement of the schools. Because of these and other factors a great majority of the schools stood at level two that is below the expected level (level three & four ) in the study area. Based on  the  findings, it was recommended that principals should be equipped with basic knowledge and skills of school leadership, necessary facilities and inputs need to be fulfilled by the concerned bodies and stakeholders should be re-oriented in order to contribute in all possible aspect for betterment of school performance.

scholarly journals Covid-19 et impacts du confinement sur la population de Niamey (Niger)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (27) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ousseini Issa
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Afrique Subsaharienne ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan

Appelée « virus chinois » au début de sa propagation, la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) a bouleversé la planète terre à cause de son ampleur sanitaire, socio-économique, culturelle, géopolitique, etc. Au moment où les pays occidentaux et autres contrées du monde, en l’occurrence l’Amérique Latine et quelques pays asiatiques comme la Chine et l’Inde, comptent leurs milliers de morts et millions d’infectés par cette maladie, en Afrique subsaharienne particulièrement au Niger la Covid-19 a eu très peu d’impact sanitaire sur la population. Mais pour des mesures préventives, les gouvernants nigériens ont pris des dispositifs coercitifs semblables à ceux des pays fortement touchés par la pandémie du coronavirus. Ainsi, il est à constater le confinement d’une importante partie de la population et l’instauration d’un couvre-feu nocturne qui restreint ipso facto les libertés individuelles fondamentales. Cette restriction n’a pas été sans conséquence sur le climat social, provoquant ainsi des remous sociaux, des vives contestations voire la désobéissance civile résultant par des violences policières hors normes surtout à Niamey dans la capitale nigérienne. Cette étude est essentiellement basée sur la méthode qualitative à travers l’usage de la grille d’observation et du guide d’entretien semi-dirigé comme outils d’enquête pour analyser les impacts du confinement contre la Covid-19 sur les personnes victimes et témoins des effets du couvre-feu et/ou des violences policières à Niamey. Leurs perceptions déterminent des comportements qui banalisent ou non les gestes barrières contre le coronavirus. Quant aux résultats de l’étude, ils montrent que les violences policières reflètent le caractère conflictuel de la gestion de cette pandémie et freinent l’adhésion pacifique et totale de la population aux mesures préventives contre la Covid-19. Ces résultats montrent aussi que l’absence des mesures d’accompagnement conséquentes des autorités politiques a considérablement contribué à l’inobservance desdites mesures par la population de Niamey. Some people name it "Chinese virus" as it spreads. The 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) disrupts our planet earth because of its health, socio-economic, cultural, geopolitical scale, etc. At a time when Western countries and other parts of the world, in this case Latin America and some Asian countries such as China and India, count their thousands of deaths and millions infected by this disease, in Sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Niger, Covid-19 has very little health impact on the population. But, for preventive measures, nigérien rulers have taken coercive measures similar to those in countries strongly affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, it is to be noted that locking down a large part of the population and setting of a night curfew which ipso facto restrict fundamental individual freedoms. Indeed, this restriction has consequences on social scale by causing for instance social unrest, strong protests and even civil disobedience resulting in extraordinary police violence, especially in Niamey, the capital City of Niger. This study is essentially based on the qualitative method through the use of observation grid and semi-structured interview guide as survey tools to analyze the impacts of locking down against Covid-19 of people who are victims and witnesses of the curfew effects and/or police violence in Niamey. Their perceptions determine behaviors that may or may not trivialize barrier gestures against coronavirus. As for the outcomes of our study, they show that police violence reflects conflictual nature of management of this pandemic and hinders the peaceful and total support of the population for preventive measures against Covid-19. These results also show the absence of subsequent additional measures from political authorities leading considerably to the nonobservance of these measures by the population of Niamey.

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