scholarly journals The Influence of Ownership Concentration on Firm Financial Decisions and Value: Evidence from Nairobi Securities Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Anthony Muriungi ◽  
Mirie Mwangi ◽  
Kennedy Okiro
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Large Shareholders ◽  
Working Hypotheses

This study paper examines the influence of ownership concentration and firm financial decisions on firm value for firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange. This study is supported by theoretical literature under the signaling hypothesis, institutional monitoring hypothesis, and agency theory. The study used longitudinal data for listed firms during the ten years (2008- 2017) and regression analysis was used to study the nature and extent of the relationship. The target population was sixty-eight firms that traded equity securities during the period. Empirical results reveal that ownership concentration has no significant positive effect on firm value, but dividend payment significantly influences firm value, and the capital structure only compliments other corporate governance processes in a firm. Firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange have a high level of ownership concentration and this suggests, contrary to the shareholder monitoring hypothesis, large shareholders could be entrenched and, unless other complementary corporate mechanisms are present, large shareholders may not act in the best interest of minority shareholders.The youthful spirit of students to become entrepreneurs is apparent to the naked eye. However, the general objective of this research was to analyze the entrepreneurial attitude of male students from the Tecnológico Nacional de México campus, Tepeaca. One hundred and seventy-two male students were surveyed. The questionnaire was designed and validated by experts in the area. The validation was carried out by a new method; This consists of applying a Pearson factorial analysis for linear correlations and chi-square for nonlinear associations. Five postulates are applied to debug and validate each item. The items are taken as factors or independent variables to contrast the working hypotheses. The sampling was random. The results matrix obtained after applying Pearson's correlation yielded three correlations above 0.7. With these correlations, six linear hypotheses were validated. Only eight chi-squarevalidated nonlinear hypotheses were selected due to the limited space of a scientific article. In general, 400 working hypotheses were designed in the order of 20 items taken in two to two. It is concluded that the surveyed students have extensive knowledge of entrepreneurship. They are prepared for innovation, creation, and success in the companies they own and the companies where they provide their services.

scholarly journals Análisis de la Actitud Emprendedora de los Estudiantes Varones del Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tepeaca

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
María Luisa Juárez Hernández ◽  
Manuel González Pérez ◽  
Rafael Tovany-León ◽  
José Atonaltzin Maldonado-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
Nonlinear Associations ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Linear Correlations

El espíritu juvenil de los estudiantes de convertirse en emprendedores es notorio a simple vista. Sin embargo, el objetivo general de esta investigación fue analizar la actitud emprendedora de los estudiantes varones del Tecnológico Nacional de México campus Tepeaca. Se encuestó a ciento setenta y dos estudiantes varones. El cuestionario fue diseñado y validado por expertos en el área. La validación se llevó a cabo por un método nuevo; éste consiste en aplicar un análisis factorial de Pearson para las correlaciones lineales y chi cuadrado para las asociaciones no lineales. Se le aplican cinco postulados para depurar y validar cada ítem. Los ítems se toman como factores o variables independientes para contrastar las hipótesis de trabajo. El muestreo fue aleatorio. La matriz de resultados obtenida después de aplicar la correlación de Pearson arrojó tres correlaciones por encima de 0.7. Con estas correlaciones se validaron seis hipótesis lineales. Solo se seleccionaron ocho hipótesis no lineales validadas por chi cuadrado debido al espacio limitado de un artículo científico. En general, se diseñaron 400 hipótesis de trabajo en el orden de 20 ítems tomados en orden de dos a dos. Se concluye que los estudiantes encuestados poseen amplio conocimiento del emprendimiento. Éstos están preparados para la innovación, creación y éxito en las empresas tanto de su propiedad como las empresas donde presten sus servicios. The youthful spirit of students to become entrepreneurs is apparent to the naked eye. However, the general objective of this research was to analyze the entrepreneurial attitude of male students from the Tecnológico Nacional de México campus, Tepeaca. One hundred and seventy-two male students were surveyed. The questionnaire was designed and validated by experts in the area. The validation was carried out by a new method; This consists of applying a Pearson factorial analysis for linear correlations and chi-square for nonlinear associations. Five postulates are applied to debug and validate each item. The items are taken as factors or independent variables to contrast the working hypotheses. The sampling was random. The results matrix obtained after applying Pearson's correlation yielded three correlations above 0.7. With these correlations, six linear hypotheses were validated. Only eight chi-squarevalidated nonlinear hypotheses were selected due to the limited space of a scientific article. In general, 400 working hypotheses were designed in the order of 20 items taken in two to two. It is concluded that the surveyed students have extensive knowledge of entrepreneurship. They are prepared for innovation, creation, and success in the companies they own and the companies where they provide their services.

scholarly journals Drug Abuse Prevalence Among 10th - 12th-Grade Students of Kerman, Iran in 2017 - 2018 Academic Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Mazhari ◽  
Hassan Ziaaddini ◽  
Nozar Nakhaee ◽  
Azam Kermanian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
Academic Year

Background: It is generally accepted that due to various reasons, the age of drug abuse prevalence continues to decline, which imposes numerous personal and social dysfunctions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of drug abuse among adolescents in Kerman, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,000 10th - 12th-grade students in the academic year of 2017 - 2018 selected by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics checklist and alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The results showed that the highest prevalence of substance abuse among students was related to tobacco, alcohol, and sedatives. It was also demonstrated that the use of cigarettes, sedatives, cannabis, and amphetamine was significantly higher among male subjects compared to female participants (P < 0.05). Moreover, 16.4, 12.9, and 5.1% of the tobacco, alcohol, and sedative users required low interventions, respectively, whereas 1.5, 0.8, and 0.4% of them required high interventions, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was higher drug abuse prevalence in male students compared to female students. As such, it seems that consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and narcotics in adolescents requires serious intervention.

scholarly journals Pap smear screening in antenatal women: an opportunistic way to save life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3158
Author(s):  
Sana Siddiqui ◽  
Suhailur Rehman ◽  
Imam Bano ◽  
Sayeedul H. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background: Cancer cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy encountered in developing countries. In India, first visit to the gynaecologist for most women is during pregnancy and it may be the only visit. Hence, prenatal care offers an excellent opportunity to implement cervical screening in patients of young age, especially in women who do not seek routine health care. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among the ante-natal women and to evaluate the result in relation to various risk factors.Methods: Cross sectional observational study conducted on 425 ante-natal women attending the antenatal clinic using questioner addressing various socio-demographic variables. Measures of central tendency calculated and result was tabulated by using chi-square test.Results: Maximum number of cases in our study was NILM i.e.314 (74%) followed by 68 cases of Candida (16%), 30 cases of Bacterial vaginosis (7.1%) and 10 cases of Trichomonas vaginalis (2.4%). Only 3 cases of abnormal Pap smear was reported i.e. 2 of ASCUS and 1 of LSIL. Thus, prevalence of abnormal Pap smear was 0.7%.Conclusions: In country like India where organised screening programme are not available, as well as the awareness and uptake of available services by the target population is also poor; screening in pregnancy is worthwhile and may be a viable option to reduce the burden of cervical carcinoma. 

scholarly journals Teacher Preparedness and Implementation of the Competency Based Curriculum in Public Pre-Primary Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
Harriet Isaboke ◽  
Maureen Mweru ◽  
Gladwell Wambiri
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Competency Based

Globalization and demand for twenty first century skills has led countries to adapt Competency Based Curriculum (CBC). Kenya embarked on curriculum reforms from content based to CBC in 2018. Studies have reported minimal use of CBC teaching-learning approaches in pre-primary schools in Nairobi City County. Teachers are the key implementers of the Curriculum, yet their preparedness to implement the Curriculum in public pre-primary schools remains unknown. Therefore, this study purposed to establish the preparedness of pre-primary school teachers in implementing the CBC in public pre-primary schools in the County. The Concern-Based Adoption Model by Hall, Hord and Rutherford (2006) was used in this study.  The study targeted a population of 900 comprising of 450 pre-primary school teachers, 225 ECD Center Managers and 225 head teachers in all the 225 public pre-primary schools in Nairobi City County. Twenty percent of the target population was sampled to participate in the study; therefore the study had a sample size of 180, which comprised of 45 head teachers, 45 center managers and 90 pre-primary school teachers. A Questionnaire, interview schedules, observation checklist and a document analysis guide were used to collect data. Pilot study was conducted in two public pre-primary schools in the County, validity of the research instruments was determined through expert judgment whereas reliability of the questionnaires was determined through split-half method and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.799 was obtained. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically whereas quantitative data was summarized using percentages and frequencies and Chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses. This was facilitated by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21. Findings showed that majority (65.9%) of the teachers had not received any training on CBC, whereas 34.1% of the teachers were trained. The study established a significant relationship between the teachers’ extent of training in CBC and their ability to implement the curriculum with a significance value of p=0.000<0.05. The study concluded that the teachers were not adequately prepared to implement the Curriculum. Thus, recommended that the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Nairobi City County Government should adequately create a regular in-service training program to equip teachers with necessary knowledge and skills that will help them implement the curriculum effectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Principals’ Perception of Computers on Their Use in Administration of Public Secondary Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Njathi ◽  
Boniface Ngaruiya ◽  
Paul Maithya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is a report of a study carried out to establish the relationship that existed between principals’ Perception towards computer application and the actual computer use by principals in public secondary schools in Kiambu County. Computer use in schools administration is a contemporary issue in the improvement of quality leadership in schools. The study was triggered by the need for effective leadership in schools which would lead to improved academic performance in Kiambu County, a county surrounding the Kenyan capital city of Nairobi.. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The target population for this study was 307 principals of public secondary schools in Kiambu County. The study sample comprised of 205 principals which translated to 67% of the target population. Simple randomand purposive sampling techniques were used in the selection of the respondents. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Relationship between the two variables under study was established by use of spearman rho. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi- square test of independence through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to test the null hypotheses. The study found out that principal’s attitude towards use of computers influenced the use of computers among school principals. The study recommended that the MOE in collaboration TSC to mount regular ICT workshops to sensitize school principals on the need to use computers in school administration with a view of changing their attitudes towards computer use.

Relationship between Tobacco Smoking And Dental Fear Among Adolescents of 15-18 Year Age in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1210-1212
Author(s):  
G. Amin ◽  
M.. S. Nawaz ◽  
A. M. Ikram ◽  
G. M. Shaikh ◽  
J. I. Afridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smoke Tobacco

Aim: To assess the relationship between dental fear and smoking among adolescents of 15-18 year of age in Pakistan Method: This study was a prospective crossectional survey design which was conducted in Lahore. After taking permission from the school’s head, data was collected from the male students of grade 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th using questionnaire and later on one of their parents was approached to fill the questionnaire. For this purpose, only one school was targeted. Sample size was of 200 participants whereas parents of all the student participants participated in the study. Results: The results of chi-square revealed that dental fear was quite high among male students, occasional use of tobacco, and use of mouthwash minimum thrice a day. It was also found that students of those parents whose occupational level was low reported higher dental fear. Conclusion: It was found that adolescent male students were found to have more dental fear who smoke tobacco as compared to those who do not smoke. It is important to ask about smoking habits as well as dental fear when examining oral health maintenance of adolescents. Keywords: Smoking, Tobacco, Adolescents, Dental fear

scholarly journals A Study on Investor's Attitude towards Government Securities in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Pitambar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Government Security

The research paper sought to analyze the interest and awareness of Nepali people on government securities with one specific objectives of to examine the investor's interest and awareness towards government securities. The descriptive and analytical research design has been adopted in the study. The target population was the all investors of government securities in Nepal. The judgmental sampling method has been used to select the investor and 200 respondents were taken as its sample size. The data were collected using structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was done to examine the investor's interest and awareness towards government securities. It can be concluded that both educated and uneducated people are interested in government security. Thus, the research paper draws the conclusion that both poor and rich people are interested in government security. The income is the major factor of investment on government security.

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