scholarly journals Pap smear screening in antenatal women: an opportunistic way to save life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3158
Author(s):  
Sana Siddiqui ◽  
Suhailur Rehman ◽  
Imam Bano ◽  
Sayeedul H. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background: Cancer cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy encountered in developing countries. In India, first visit to the gynaecologist for most women is during pregnancy and it may be the only visit. Hence, prenatal care offers an excellent opportunity to implement cervical screening in patients of young age, especially in women who do not seek routine health care. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among the ante-natal women and to evaluate the result in relation to various risk factors.Methods: Cross sectional observational study conducted on 425 ante-natal women attending the antenatal clinic using questioner addressing various socio-demographic variables. Measures of central tendency calculated and result was tabulated by using chi-square test.Results: Maximum number of cases in our study was NILM i.e.314 (74%) followed by 68 cases of Candida (16%), 30 cases of Bacterial vaginosis (7.1%) and 10 cases of Trichomonas vaginalis (2.4%). Only 3 cases of abnormal Pap smear was reported i.e. 2 of ASCUS and 1 of LSIL. Thus, prevalence of abnormal Pap smear was 0.7%.Conclusions: In country like India where organised screening programme are not available, as well as the awareness and uptake of available services by the target population is also poor; screening in pregnancy is worthwhile and may be a viable option to reduce the burden of cervical carcinoma. 

Male workers’ influence on partners uptake of pap smear screening in a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5606-5606
Author(s):  
Idowu Emmanuel Olowokere ◽  
Olumuyiwa Adebola Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
African Women ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Male Workers

5606 Background: Cervical cancer remains a major global health issue still claiming the lives of African women despite the availability of screening facilities. Male involvement has paid off in enhancing uptake of contraception in Africa as reported by several empirical studies. It may be worthwhile in encouraging women uptake of the screening services. This formed the basis for this study. Methods: The study adopted a cross sectional descriptive survey that involved 350 respondents. Their involvement was assessed using a structured questionnaire with cronbach reliability coefficient of 0.78. The study was analyzed using SPSS version 16 by computing the frequency, means and standard deviations. Chi-square was employed to test the significance of associations at p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that all (n = 350) male medical staff of the hospital were aware about cervical cancer and pap smear screening test for premalignant lesions of the cervix compared to 90% and 77% observed in paramedics and non-medical groups respectively. At least, an episode of Pap smear screening test had been done by the partners of 52.4% of the medical staff; while only 30.2% and 13% of the partners of paramedics and non-medical workers respectively had undergone the test. Among those whose partners had participated in screening; 78.9% (n = 95) of the men initiated the screening. Eighty two percent (82%, n = 95) paid for their wives’ transportation while 78.9% (n = 95) have at least once followed their partners to the screening centre. Chi square result showed that men with higher level of education are likely to support their partners to participate in screening for cervical cancer (p < 0.005). There was no significant association between religion and male support for Pap smear uptake (p < 0.407). Conclusions: The study showed that the medical male workers were more involved in facilitating partners screening for cervical cancer. This may not be unconnected with their knowledge of the consequences of late identification of the disease. The study therefore concluded that knowledge of cervical cancer and its consequences by men will enhance their involvement in encouraging partners to utilize screening facilities.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal PAP smears in antenatal women in a tertiary hospital in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saritha Shamsunder ◽  
Akriti Gautam ◽  
Geetika Khanna ◽  
Sunita Malik
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
The Mean

Background: Pregnancy provides a good time for opportunistic screening of our women who rarely attend for cervical screening. The prevalence of abnormal PAP smear in pregnant women in developed countries was 5-6%, however, no literature was available from India. Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal PAP smears in antenatal women presenting to our antenatal clinic. Methods: Women attending the antenatal clinic with gestation of <28 weeks were recruited after an informed consent and had a PAP smear by Ayre spatula and cytobrush or a broom type of cytobrush. The comfort level during smear taking & any problems noted were recorded using a pain score. The smears were stained using the PAP stain, were categorized as adequate or inadequate & classified as per Bethesda classification. Results: We had 150 women participating, the mean age was 24.2 yrs, the mean period of gestation was 17 weeks; 43.9% were nulliparous. Smear adequacy rate was 71.5% overall. Pain during procedure was reported in 2.9% of women, 18.3% had minor discomfort; 78.6% were comfortable. Minor bleeding during smear taking was noted in 15%; this was more with the cytobrush & broom than the Ayre spatula alone. Abnormal smears were seen in three women; two had AGC & one had LSIL. Conclusions: Opportunistic cervical screening during pregnancy is safe and well tolerated. Abnormal Cervical smears were seen in 2% of our pregnant women.

Women’s health concern in Jordan: knowledge, practice and barriers toward cervical cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqia Saleem Maabreh ◽  
Raya Yousef Al-Husban ◽  
Hekmat Yousef Al-Akash ◽  
Noha Al-Shdayfat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most important health issues faced by women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify Jordanian women’s knowledge, barriers and measures pertaining to risk factors and screening choices of CC (Pap smear tests). Design/methodology/approach This study applied a cross sectional design by collecting data from a convenient sample of 200 women between 20 and 70 years of age in health and public centers in Jordan. Data was then analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools of SPSS, version 21. Findings The findings revealed that 55.5% of the participants had no information about the Pap smear, and 75% did not know the risk factors. Moreover, 50% of the sample did not know where to take the test, and 50% reported a lack of encouragement from the husband to undertake the test. More than half of the participants (56.5%) expressed fear that cervical screening would be a painful examination even though they reported not having any previous experience with the test. Originality/value Based on these findings, public education about CC screening is essential, including advertising and a campaign similar to the breast cancer awareness programs in Jordan, as a way of encouraging early screening to improve the health of women.

scholarly journals Present potential of exfoliative cytology in detection of cervix cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sushila Jain ◽  
Anuj Paudel ◽  
S K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epithelial Lesions

  Introduction: Conventional Pap smear is the mainstay for cervical cancer screening in developing countries and women should be motivated for cervical screening program to detect early dysplastic cells. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of abnormalities in Pap smears, particularly pattern of epithelial cell abnormality in women attending Lumbini Medical College in western Nepal.   Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out and 1066 Pap smears were studied to look for epithelial cell abnormality according to revised Bethesda system 2001.   Results: Out of 1066 patients who underwent Pap smear examination, 71 (6.6%) revealed epithelial cell abnormality; most were low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) occupying 4.59% at the age between 23 to 29 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 0.37 % of patients at the age 40 years and above. In our scenario, per vaginal discharge was the major finding of the patients who showed premalignant features.   Conclusions: Women above 40 years are at a risk of premalignant as well as malignant lesions and these women should undergo screening for abnormal cells at the age of 18 or when sexual activity starts and as per recommendations to look for early dysplastic cells. Cervical screening program should be motivated by the national policy makers and also by health professionals.

Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmissible infections among women attending antenatal clinics in three provinces in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional survey

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Vallely ◽  
Pamela Toliman ◽  
Claire Ryan ◽  
Glennis Rai ◽  
Johanna Wapling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) is estimated to have among the highest prevalences of HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STIs) of any Asia-Pacific country, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis globally. The prevalence of curable STIs, such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), among pregnant women in PNG is relatively unknown. Methods: A cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey to investigate the epidemiology of CT, NG, TV and other STIs among pregnant women in three provinces of PNG was undertaken. Women aged 18–35 years attending their first antenatal clinic visit were invited to participate. Participants completed a short interview and provided self-collected vaginal specimens for CT, NG and TV laboratory-based nucleic acid amplification tests and a venepuncture specimen for laboratory testing for syphilis and Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) serology. Routine antenatal assessment was conducted according to national guidelines, including HIV counselling and testing and point-of-care syphilis screening. Results: A total of 765 women were enrolled. Overall, 43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 39.2–46.4) had one or more of CT, NG or TV infection. CT was the most prevalent STI (22.9%, 175/765; 95% CI: 19.9–25.9), followed by TV (22.4%, 171/765; 95% CI: 19.4–25.4), and NG (14.2%, 109/765; 95% CI: 11.7–16.7). The prevalence of active syphilis was 2.2% (17/765; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), HSV-2 was 28.0% (214/765; 95% CI: 24.8–31.2) and HIV, 0.8% (6/765; 95% CI: 0.2–1.4). Prevalences were highest among primigravid women, women aged <25 years, and among those in Central Province. Conclusion: High prevalences of curable genital STIs were observed among women attending routine antenatal clinic services in PNG. These infections have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and could be important contributors to poor maternal and neonatal health in this setting.

scholarly journals Violence against the Brazilian elderlies: an analysis of hospitalizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Carla de Castro ◽  
Leidyani Karina Rissardo ◽  
Lígia Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Old Men

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of physical aggression and neglect and abandonment in the hospitalizations of Brazilian elderly people for violence and assault from 2008 to 2013 and the association of these causes with socio-demographic variables related to hospitalization. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with elderlies hospitalized for assault. Inclusion criteria: to be 60 years old or over, to have been hospitalized in the Unified Health System (SUS) for assault or neglect and abandonment, between 2008 and 2013. The data were collected in February 2016, in Datasus database and descriptive and inferentially, using the Chi-square distribution, in the Epi Info 3.5.4 program. Results: the prevalence of hospitalizations due to assaults and violence prevailed among 60 and 69 years old men in the public sector. For abandonment and neglect, there was a higher prevalence in women, over 80 years old, in the public sector. Conclusion: nurses must be able to identify and prevent violence against the elderly.

scholarly journals Cancer Prevention Behaviors and Knowledge of Cancer Screening Among Food Insecure College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 102-102
Author(s):  
Makenzie Barr ◽  
Madison Hayes
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives The objective of the current study were to examine cancer prevention knowledge and risky behaviors by diet and food insecurity. Methods A cross-sectional examination of college students examined FI status and cancer prevention behavior (fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), alcohol intake frequency (AIF), and tobacco use (TU)) and screening knowledge (age to receive breast, cervical, lung, prostate, and colon screening for “normal risk”). Results Students were 34.13% food insecure. Body mass index was significant by food insecurity status (P &lt; .01; FI = 26.41 kg/m2, Food Secure (FS) = 23.42 kg/m2). FVI was not significant by group however average intake of the whole population was 3.04 + 1.84 servings. Likewise, AIF by group was not significant (P &gt; .05). A higher percentage of FI used tobacco (P = .01). Lung and pap smear screening age knowledge by FI status was significantly different (P = .027 and .047, respectively). Conclusions As FI is correlated with negative health outcomes, upstream interventions should be proposed to target long term impacts such as risky behaviors and cancer prevention knowledge. Funding Sources University of Kentucky Start-up funds.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE > 25 YEARS OLD WOMEN’S KNOWLEDGE ON CERVIX CANCER AND THE PAP SMEAR TEST UNDERTAKING BEHAVIOR IN OBGYN POLYCLINIC OF BANGIL LOCAL HOSPITAL OF PASURUAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Kurnia Indriyanti Purnama Sari ◽  
Yufi Aris Lestari ◽  
Titiek Titiek Idayanti ◽  
Widya Widya Anggraeni ◽  
Siti Siti Muthoharoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Undertaking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Papsmear test is a means of detecting cervix cancer early that can detect the abnormal change of cervical cells. Papsmear test is actually highly recommended to every woman who has had sexual relation, but in reality many Indonesian women have not undertaken this test. Thus, majority patients come to undertake examination after they develop advanced-stage cervical cancer. This research aimed to find out the relationship between the > 25 year old women’s knowledge on cervical cancer and Papsmear test-undertaking behavior in Obgyn Polyclinic of Bangil Local Hospital of Pasuruan. The research design employed in this study was an analytical design with cross sectional approach. The population of research was all of > 25 year old women in Obgyn Polyclinic of Bangil Local Hospital of Pasuruan, while the sample consisted of 186 respondents, taken using accidental sampling. Data of knowledge was collected using close-ended questionnaire, while that of behavior was collected using observation sheet. Then the data passed through editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating processes and was tested using chi square test. The data was displayed in pie chart form. The result of research showed that 43 (23%) respondents had good knowledge, 40 (22) had adequate knowledge, and 103 (55%) had poor knowledge. In addition, 32 (17%) respondents behaved appropriately and 154 (83%) did so inappropriately.  The result of chi square test showed significance value 0.000 < α = 0.05, indicating that H0 was not supported and H1 was supported. The conclusion of research stated that there was a relationship between the > 25 year old women’s knowledge on cervical cancer and Papsmear test-undertaking behavior in Obgyn Polyclinic of Bangil Local Hospital of Pasuruan. Thus, the author expected government, private, and health workers to provide much more information in many accessible media and to motivate the people to undertake Papsmear test.

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