Effect of flower density on pollen viability and fruit set of Calceolaria tripartita Ruiz &Pav. (Scrophulariaceae) in Darjeeling Himalaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashoke Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Darjeeling Himalaya ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
East West ◽  
Pollen Biology

<p>There are many populations in a 16 km east-west distribution and populations are usually small with fewer than 100 plants/clumps. The pollen biology in terms of pollen production, pollen-ovule ratio estimation, pollen viability and pollen fertility was studied to determine the impact of plant and flower density on pollen viability and fruit set of <em>Calceolaria tripartita</em> Ruiz &amp;Pav. (Scrophulariaceae) in Darjeeling Himalaya. It is revealed that higher the density of the plants and flowers, the productivity of pollens and ovules and the viability and fertility of pollen grains become higher showing a positive correlation between plant-flower density vs. pollen biology. Fruit set is higher in high dense flowering site than low ones which might be due to higher pollen fertility rate, low sterility and greater number of pollen load upon stigma. Thus, it reflects that plant and flower density has a crucial role upon the reproductive fitness of this taxon.</p>

Pollen Biology of Robinia pseudoacacia on Zhen Mountain in Yantai

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2748-2751
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen Pan ◽  
Lin De Liu ◽  
Ha Lin Zhao ◽  
Xue Yong Zhao ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Pollen Longevity ◽  
Pollen Biology

The pollen–ovule ratios, pollen fertility rate, pollen viability and longevity, pollen histochemistry of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers were determined in the field on Zhen Mountain in Yantai, Shandong province in China. The main results were as follows: Robinia pseudoacacia is completely fertile and has starchy pollen. The pollen longevity was about 80h. The pollen viability was higher than 90% at the beginning of anthesis on sunny days. 80h later, most pollen grains lose their viability. Pollen–ovule ratio (P/O) is 192±19. Accoring to Cruden, R. pseudoacacia is facultative autogamous.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

The importance of fruit set, fruit abortion, and pollination success in fruit production of teak (Tectona grandis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Palupi ◽  
J. N. Owens ◽  
S. Sadjad ◽  
Sudarsono ◽  
D. D. Solihin
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Fruit Abortion

Teak ( Tectona grandis L.) is believed to have been introduced from India 400–500 years ago and there appear to be no old-growth natural forests. However, Indonesia has many teak plantation forests and 40%–50% of seeds for reforestation come from seed orchards and the remainder from plantations. In both, flower and fruit abortion results in low fruit set and thus seed production. We investigated flower and fruit development in a clonal seed orchard in East Java in 1999 and 2001 using cross- and open-pollinated trees. The rates of abortion using cross-pollinations showed a similar pattern but were lower than for open-pollinations. The highest rate of abortion in cross- and open-pollinations was during pollination and fertilization, ranging 11%–23% and 31%–32%/day, respectively, less during fruit initiation (5%–6% and 6%–8%/day) and the lowest was during fruit maturation (<0.5%/day). Cross-pollinations increased fruit production by 10-fold compared with open-pollinations. About 30% of flowers were pollinated with an average of five pollen grains per stigma in open-pollinations. Pollen viability varied among clones and time of day but was not affected by position of flowers in an inflorescence. We conclude that low pollination success and low pollen viability are major causes for low fruit production in teak and are related to insect pollinators.

scholarly journals Ehretia pubescens Benth. with differential germinability patterns due to climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Amalaurpava Mary Michael* ◽  
Gopal G.V.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
The Impact

Climate change may influence the composition of plant communities by affecting the reproduction, growth, establishment and local extinction of plant species. Predicting the effect of climate change may provide insight into the impact and relationship between weather pattern and flowering phenology in long term studies. Pollen viability is one important factor of reproduction. Pollen viability is essential for a good fruit set. The study is undertaken to evaluate the influence of temperature and rainfall fluctuation pattern on floral phenology and pollen viability in the restricted distribution of the plant Ehretia pubescens Benth. Field observation on floral phenology has revealed changes occurring in the pollen viability with the change of temperature and rainfall. The plants show drought resistant; however, it is observed that it blooms immediately after the rainfall. Change in the rainfall pattern results in change in flowering pattern. On the natural habitat fruit set is a good indicating of good germinability of pollen grain in vivo. In vitro pollen germinability is less efficient for this species as supported by the data.

scholarly journals The influence of pollen viability on seed set and fruit mass in strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kaczmarska ◽  
Agnieszka M. Dobrowolska ◽  
Jerzy A. Hortyński
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Fruit Mass

This research was conducted in 2006 in the Experimental Station of the Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin near Lublin. It included 7 cultivars of strawberry ('Pastel', 'Salut', 'Teresa', 'Jota', 'Paula', 'Senga Sengana', 'Plena') and two selected clones: 2395 and 3995 that belonged to the Department. Analysis of pollen fertility was carried out on the basis of materials collected on five occasions: on May 17 (at the beginning of florescence), May 20 and May 24 (the peak of florescence) and on June 2 and June 13 (the end of florescence). Smear preparations stained with 2% acetocarmin and glycerin solution (1:1) were used to test pollen viability. The highest percent of viable pollen in 2006 was in cultivar 'Jota' (70.88%). The lowest viability had pollen of 'Teresa' cultivar (33.83%). The average content of viable pollen grains was the lowest on May 20 (36.79%). The highest pollen fertility was noted on June 2 (62.15%), the percent of fertile pollen on a similar level was observed on May 17 and 24 and June13. The cultivar 'Jota' was characterized by an increased level of pollen fertility that was quite high during the whole period of florescence. The number of seeds has a great influence on the proper development of spurious strawberry fruit. The mass of seeds from a single fruit has a great influence on the mass of fruits in both large and small fruit categories. Pollen viability affected the mass of seeds on big fruits (r = 0.444), but there is no clear direct relationship between pollen fertility and mass of strawberry fruit(r = -0.193 and r = -0.052).

scholarly journals Metabolite profiling in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) pollen grains in relation to viability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
K S Shivashankara ◽  
G A Geetha ◽  
T K Roy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Mango productivity is affected mainly by irregular flowering, proportion of bisexual flowers, poor pollination and fertilization and fruit drop. Poor fruit set in some of the varieties may be associated with the lower pollen viability. The present experiment was initiated to assess the viability of pollen grains and their metabolites in three mango cultivars Amrapali, Alphonso and Totapuri which are differing in their fruit set intensity. The profiling of sugars, amino acids and some of the phytohormones were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Assessment of pollen grains in three mango cultivars indicated that free sugars such as fructose and glucose, and available amino acids including serine, proline, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and glutamic acid were predominantly higher in all the cultivars. Phytohormones like IAA, IBA, ABA, GA,zeatin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were significantly different in low fruit setting cultivars Alphonso and Totapuri compared to high fruit setting cultivar Amrapali. In cv. Alphonso all the metabolites were higher at anthesis but later decreased drastically compared to cvs. Totapuri and Amrapali. Pollen viability percentage was significantly higher in cv. Amrapali than in cvs. Totapuri, Alphonso. Among all the cultivars, Amrapali maintained better chemical composition at anthesis and also at two hours after anthesis compared to cvs. Totapuri and Alphonso.

scholarly journals On the reproductive biology of Salacia fruticosa Wall. ex M.A. Lawson - an endemic medicinal plant of the Western Ghats, india

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 13002-13005
Author(s):  
K. Subin ◽  
P. A. Jose ◽  
T. V. Sarath
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Seedling Bank ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant ◽  
The Western Ghats

Salacia fruticosa Wall. ex M.A. Lawson, an endemic species was studied for the reproductive biology as this species showed reduced fruit set and natural regeneration.  The stigma-anther proximity, an extremely low number of pollen grains, a short period of pollen viability, a sparse incidence of pollinators, protandrous and facultative autogamous nature of the flowers and a low percent in fruit set were identified as biological constraints for the species.  The incidence of seed pest was added to the poor seed and seedling bank and accelerated rarity process of the species.

scholarly journals Determination of Blooming, Pollen and Fruit Set Characteristics in Punica granatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263
Author(s):  
Deniz AKSOY ◽  
Zeynel DALKILIC
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
In The Beginning

The objective of this study was to investigate flowering, pollen, and fruit set characteristics of locally registered pomegranate cultivars between two consecutive years. ‘Dr. Ercan 35’, ‘Efenar 35’, ‘Kamilbey 35’, and ‘Tezeren 35’ cultivars have been developed by cross-breeding programs. Open-, cross-, and self-pollination studies were performed with these cultivars using three trees in each replicate in the field. Number of anthers per flower, number of pollen grains per anther, viability, and germination tests were conducted in the laboratory. Fruit set ratio of self-pollinated combinations were lower than open-pollination. The fruit set ratio from self-pollination was obtained from ‘Dr. Ercan’ (60.3%), ‘Efenar 35’ (62.4%), ‘Kamilbey 35’ (50.5%), and ‘Tezeren 35’ (25.2%). The highest fruit set ratio (49.7%) was obtained from ‘Kamilbey 35’ × ‘Dr. Ercan 35’ combination. The highest number of characteristics was as follows: ‘Tezeren 35’ (402 anthers/hermaphrodite flowers), ‘Kamilbey 35’ (8550 pollen/anther, male flowers in the beginning of flowering), ‘Efenar 35’ (84.7% pollen viability, hermaphrodite flowers), ‘Kamilbey 35’ (71.2%, pollen germination, hermaphrodite flowers). In conclusion, at least one, two or more, pollinator cultivars are necessary for commercial plantations using with these recently released pomegranate cultivars.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Triploidy causes sexual infertility in Cyrtanthus breviflorus (Amaryllidaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Ramsey ◽  
Glenda Vaughton ◽  
Glendon D. Ascough ◽  
Steven D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Challenging Question

The balance between sexual and asexual reproduction can vary markedly in clonal plants. At one extreme, plants are sexually infertile and reproduction is solely clonal. Infertility can be caused by environmental and/or genetic factors, but the role of each is often unknown. Here we determine variation in sexual reproduction and explore the underlying factors causing sexual infertility in Cyrtanthus breviflorus Harv. We examined open- and cross-pollinated fruit set, ploidy using flow cytometry, pollen viability, pollinator visits to flowers and pollen deposition onto stigmas. One population was sexually infertile; no plants produced fruit. Three populations were sexually fertile; >98% of plants produced fruit. Percent pollen viability differed between infertile (18%) and fertile (97%) populations. The most likely cause of infertility was unequal ploidy. Plants in the infertile population were triploid, whereas those in fertile populations were diploid. Pollination factors were not related to infertility. In infertile and fertile populations, pollen-collecting insects visited flowers frequently, depositing 4-fold more pollen grains onto stigmas than the number of ovules per flower. Our study is the first to demonstrate infertility and triploidy in C. breviflorus. How triploidy became established despite high levels of pollinator activity remains a challenging question.

Pollen Biology of Calligonum mongolicum in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2917-2920
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen Pan ◽  
Lin De Liu ◽  
Ha Lin Zhao ◽  
Xue Yong Zhao ◽  
Yue Li Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pollen Longevity ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Pollen Biology

The pollen–ovule ratios, pollen fertility rate, pollen viability and longevity, pollen histochemistry of Calligonum mongolicum flowers were determined in the field by the middle reaches of Heihe River. The main results were as follows: Calligonum mongolicum is completely fertile and has starchy pollen. Anthers matured heterotypically. The pollen longevity was about 10h. The pollen viability was higher than 70% at the beginning of anthesis on sunny days. No difference in the pollen production of single anther was found between different flower morphes, but significant difference was in that of single flower. The pollen-ovule ratios of different morph flowers were 1625±125, 1750±177, 1500±102, 1563±120, 1875±72. Pollen–ovule ratios (P/O) reveal that C. mongolicum is facultative autogamous.

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