A Review: Oxidative Stress during Lactation in Dairy Cattle

Abstract Background Extreme panting under heat stress threatens dairy cattle milk production. Previous research has revealed that the gas exchange-mediated respiratory drive in critically ill dairy cattle with low O2 saturation induces panting. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling may play important roles in immunosuppression and oxidative stress during severe respiratory stress responses in heat-stressed cattle. The objectives of this study were to transcriptomically analyze mRNA expression mediating heat-induced respiratory stress-associated panting, evaluate gas exchange, screen hub genes, and verify the expression of proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes in lymphocyte pathways. Results Jersey cattle were naturally heat-exposed. Physiological data were collected for response evaluation, and blood was collected for gas exchange and gene expression assays at 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 continuously for 1 week. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole-blood samples for mRNA-seq and expression analysis of key pathway genes/proteins. The cattle respiration rates differed with time, averaging 51 bpm at 06:00, 76 bpm at 10:00, and 121 bpm at 14:00 (p < 0.05). Gas exchange analysis showed that both pH and pCO2 differed with time: they were 7.41 and 41 mmHg at 06:00, 7.45 and 37.5 mmHg at 10:00, and 7.49 and 33 mmHg at 14:00, respectively (p < 0.01). Sixteen heat-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened between 212 DEGs and 1370 heat stress-affected genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hub gene functional analysis annotated eleven genes to signal transduction, six genes to the immune response, and five genes to the endocrine response, including both prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and VEGF. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis revealed that oxygen regulation was associated with the phosphorus metabolic process, response to oxygen levels, response to decreased oxygen levels, response to hypoxia and cytokine activity terms. The main signaling pathways were the VEGF, hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF pathways. Four genes involved Integrin beta 3 (ITBG3), PTGS2, VEGF, and myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) among the 16 genes related to immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and endocrine dysfunction were identified as participants in the VEGF signaling pathway and oxygenation. Conclusion These findings help elucidate the underlying immune and oxygen regulation mechanisms associated with the VEGF signaling pathway in heat-stressed dairy cattle.

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Relationship Between Serum Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cattle and Buffaloes with Clinical and Sub-clinical Mastitis

Biotechnology(Faisalabad) ◽

10.3923/biotech.2016.96.100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3-4) ◽

pp. 96-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lalita Sharma ◽

Amit Kumar Verma ◽

Anu Rahal ◽

Amit Kumar ◽

Rajesh Nigam

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Serum Biomarkers ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Mycotoxin syndrome in dairy cattle: characterisation and intervention results

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2013.1577 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R.R. Santos ◽

J. Fink-Gremmels

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Animal Health ◽

Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Biochemical Analyses

In daily practice, dairy cattle may be exposed to complex mixtures of mycotoxins originating from pre- and postharvest contamination of roughages, silage and concentrates. In particular silage has been identified as a source of different microbial toxins, which may impair animal health and productivity. The aim of the current study was to identify functional and descriptive biomarkers for the mouldy silage syndrome in dairy cattle. Such biomarkers should also serve as indicators of the beneficial effects of intervention strategies. In a field trial, a total of 87 cows from three different farms were enrolled in the study. From these animals blood samples were collected at three different time points and subjected to multiple biochemical analyses. Within this group, fine needle liver biopsies were obtained from 43 animals and subjected to biochemical analyses and targeted gene expression profiles. The measured parameters represent biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis and lipids. In the affected animals, oxidative stress and a dysfunction in lipid metabolism were observed, marked by significantly decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) concentrations and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and significantly increased concentrations of free cholesterol in plasma, together with a decreased activity of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). When a glucomannan mycotoxin absorbent was added to the daily ration for a period of 8 weeks most of these biochemical markers gradually improved to normal levels, and body condition and milk yield improved. The obtained results contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological changes associated with multiple mycotoxin exposure in dairy cows and allow a refined assessment of intervention strategies under field conditions.

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The Oxidative Stress Markers of Horses—the Comparison with Other Animals and the Influence of Exercise and Disease

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 617 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saori Shono ◽

Azusa Gin ◽

Fumiko Minowa ◽

Kimihiro Okubo ◽

Mariko Mochizuki

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Rhodococcus Equi ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Reactive Oxygen Metabolite ◽

Stress Markers ◽

The Mean ◽

Using Data ◽

Comparative Medicine

Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) levels in the serum of horses were measured (ponies, n = 15; thoroughbred, n = 31; other full-sized horses, n = 7). The mean d-ROM levels in horses were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those in dairy cattle (n = 25) and dogs (n = 31). However, d-ROM levels in horses were lower than the standard levels reported in humans. When d-ROM and BAP levels were plotted graphically, the points for horses with a disease (ringbone in 1 Japanese sports horse, cellulitis in 1 thoroughbred, melanoma in 1 Lipizzaner) fell outside the group of points for other (non-diseased) horses. A similar separation was seen (using data from other authors) for a horse with Rhodococcus equi, a horse following castration surgery, and a mare following delivery. These results, comparing horses, other animals, and humans, are interesting from the standpoint of comparative medicine, and they contribute to the sparse literature available on d-ROM and BAP levels in animals. Because the level of d-ROM and BAP levels were changed depending on the situation of health, those indexes are promising as indices of health in horses.

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