Dietary fibers in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Blaak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This chapter reviews how dietary fibers can be used to prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary fibers are a heterogenous group of food compounds. The physicochemical properties of dietary fibers determine their effects on gastrointestinal and metabolic health, including effect on gastro-intestinal transit, glycemic response, microbial composition and fermentative capacity. Most fiber rich foods contain insoluble, prebiotic and viscous fibers in varying ratios. The chapter begins by discussing underlying mechanisms of action of insoluble fibers. It then goes on to discuss the various dietary fiber intervention studies, specifically focusing on prebiotic fibers and soluble viscous fibers. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of consuming high levels dietary fiber and whole grains and their positive impact on metabolic health.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of a Dietary Fiber Mixture and Wheat Albumin in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-424
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro KUBO ◽  
Ayano KOIDO ◽  
Misako KITANO ◽  
Hirotaka YAMAMOTO ◽  
Morio SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Combined Effects

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dietary Intakes and Nutritional Knowledge in Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen ◽  
Phawinpon Chotwanvirat ◽  
Annapann Jantawan ◽  
Nantaporn Siwasaranond ◽  
Sunee Saetung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Care Behavior

Introduction. Most nutritional guidelines for diabetes management emphasize the importance of having individualized goals, away from a one-size-fits-all approach. However, there is a dearth of information on the dietary intakes and nutritional knowledge of Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is aimed at clarifying dietary intakes in relationship to glycemic control and at examining nutritional knowledge among Thai patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study of outpatients with T2DM at Theptarin Hospital and Ramathibodi Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) was performed to assess dietary intakes by food records. Diabetes nutritional knowledge and dietary self-care behavior was also evaluated. Results. A total of 304 Thai patients with T2DM (female 52.6%, mean age 57.4 ± 10.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2, and baseline A1C 7.2 ± 1.3%) participated in the study. The mean daily calorie intake was 1427 ± 425 kcal, and mean intake for each macronutrient was acceptable (carbohydrate 52%, protein 17%, and fat 31%). However, the intake of free sugar was much higher (12.1 ± 5.8% of total daily energy intake) and dietary fiber intake (9 grams per day) was much lower than recommended. There were no correlations between dietary intake and glycemic control. A subset of patients (N=213) completed the diabetes nutritional knowledge survey. There was no association between diabetes nutritional knowledge and the actual dietary self-care behavior. Conclusion. These results indicate that compliance of Thai patients with T2DM to dietary recommendations is not completely satisfactory, especially for free sugar and dietary fiber intakes. Addressing the reality of how patients with T2DM eat in their daily lives and their knowledge gaps would enable them to adhere to medical nutrition therapy.

scholarly journals Association of dietary fiber intake with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fubi Jin ◽  
Jinghong Zhang ◽  
Long Shu ◽  
Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

Abstract Background Epidemiological evidence concerning dietary fiber on newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and newly-diagnosed T2DM in a middle-aged Chinese population. Methods Using data from the Hangzhou Nutrition and Health Survey collected between June 2015 and December 2016, we investigated the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of chronic non- communicable diseases. Anthropometric measurements and samples collection for biochemical assays are conducted by the well-trained staff and nurse, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of dietary fiber intake on the risk of newly-diagnosed T2DM in crude and adjusted models. Results Among 3250 participants, 182 (5.6%) people were identified as newly-diagnosed T2DM. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed a significant inverse association of total dietary fiber with BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c and LDL-C in all participants, participants with and without T2DM (P < 0.05). Compared with the study participants in the first quartile (Q1, the lowest consumption)of dietary fiber intake, participants in the fourth quartile (Q4) had a lower prevalence of newly-diagnosed T2DM(OR = 0.70; 95%CI:0.49-1.00; P < 0.05), after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions In this middle-aged Chinese population, higher intake of dietary fiber was significantly associated with lower risk of newly-diagnosed T2DM. However, our findings need to be confirmed in future large-scale prospective studies.

Coagulopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathological Mechanisms and the Role of Factor XIII-A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Marry-ann Ntanyane Phasha ◽  
Prashilla Soma ◽  
Etheresia Pretorius ◽  
Alia Phulukdaree
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has quadrupled within three decades since 1980, affecting 422 million adults in 2016. It remains one of the most common noncommunicable chronic diseases and the underlying risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide. There are different underlying mechanisms that play a role in the development of pathologies associated with the disease such as hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, obesity, inflammation and hypercoagulation; each of which are interlinked. Hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and obesity play a huge role in the activation of inflammation and coagulation. Activation of inflammatory pathways increases the production of thrombin which predisposes the development of thrombotic related diseases. One of the factors that contribute to the increase of thrombin is the impairment of the fibrinolysis process due to decreased expression of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) by increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), a transglutaminase that is composed of subunits A and B (FXIII-A2B2), is essential for the last step of fibrin clot formation in the coagulation pathway. Genetic variation of FXIII-A in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alters the activity of FXIII, altering clot properties which influence disease outcomes. This review discusses the link between underlying mechanisms of T2DM, well known FXIII-A variants and coagulation.

Gambaran Dukungan Keluarga Dan Kepatuhan Diet Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2: Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 324-335
Author(s):  
Dwi Priharsiwi ◽  
Trina Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Good Family

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is closely related to lifestyle. This disease is exprienced by many people in the world. The family has to provide support that can have a positive impact on dietary complience. It can be in the form of being able to control what can be consumed according to the recommendations of health workers during the diet, reminding each other, and providing support to family members who are on a diabetes mellitus diet. To determine the description of family support and dietary complience in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research method used in this study was a literature review by conducting an online searh from the Medline database source and the Garuda portal. There were 5 articles found that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that 361 respondents (52,7%) had good family support and 432 respondents (63%) had non-adherent dietary compliance levels. Good family support can prevent complications and help treatment so that patients are more enthusiastic and can carry out activites as usual. Dietary non-compliance can delay the patient’s recovery. Familly support, although it is good, does not guarantee that dietary complience will also be good. Other factors can affect dietary complience, such as age, education, and occupation.Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; family suppor; dietary complience   AbstrakDiabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit kronis yang berhubungan erat dengan pola hidup, penyakit ini banyak dialami oleh penduduk di dunia. Keterlibatan keluarga merupakan langkah yang harus ditempuh untuk memberikan dukungan yang dapat berdampak positif terhadap kepatuhan diet. Dampak positif dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan diet adalah dapat mengontrol apa saja yang dapat dikonsumsi sesuai anjuran tenaga kesehatan selama diet, saling mengingatkan, serta memberikan support kepada anggota keluarga yang sedang menjalankan diet diabetes mellitus. Untuk mengetahui gambaran dukungan keluarga dan kepatuhan diet pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu literature review dengan melakukan penelusuran online dari sumber database medline dan portal garuda didapatkan 5 artikel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 361 responden (52,7%) memiliki dukungan keluarga baik dan 432 responden (63%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan diet tidak patuh. Dukungan keluarga baik dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi serta membantu pengobatan sehingga pasien lebih semangat dan dapat melakukan aktivitas seperti biasa. Ketidakpatuhan diet dapat memperlampat penyembuhan pasien. Walaupun dukungan keluarga baik, tidak menjamin kepatuhan diet akan baik, karena terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan diet yaitu seperti usia, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan.Kata Kunci: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2; dukungan keluarga; kepatuhan diet  

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