scholarly journals The role of scientific schools in the organization of native radiophysics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-177
Author(s):  
Vasily V. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Galina M. Chulkova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Science ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
The Creation

The article describes the scientific-school approach as a method of historical and scientificresearch. The value of the scientific-school approach in relation to the study of domesticscience is revealed. Based on the consideration of new «dimensions» (or aspects) ofscience, a researcher can get a panoramic picture of its development in a scientifically-substantive,scientific-organizational, scientific-educational, personal-psychological and sociocultural«dimensions». A brief historical review is given, fixing some important milestones onthe path to the formation of the first Soviet scientific schools in physics. These schools played a fundamental role in the organization and development of physical science in our countryafter the October Revolution. The reasons for the loss of the role of scientific schools in the organizationof modern scientific research abroad are discussed. It is shown that the evolutionof Russian radiophysics is closely related to the activities of a number of scientific schools.Various «roles» of scientific schools that they played in the emergence of native radiophysics,the creation of its theoretical foundation, the formation of new areas of radiophysical research,the development of information transfer technologies, military technologies with a significantradiophysical component, the formation of modern educational and scientific radiophysicalcenters are examined. These «roles» may be useful in organizing research in our country.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS IN MODERN PEDIATRICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Zaprudnov ◽  
K. I. Grigoryev ◽  
L. A. Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Characteristic Features

The authors, in the form of discussion, express their own opinion on one of the current problems of the concept of “scientific school”. The change in the old ideas about the characteristic features of the scientific school is now logical and reflects the turbulent processes in modern pediatrics.The scientific school with its own peculiarities, is headed by a leader (or leaders), a well-known scientist, a highly educated professional with encyclopedic knowledge, to form a fundamentally new scientific and practical direction in medicine and pediatrics. Training of highly qualified specialists proficient in modern research methods is an inseparable part of the scientific school. In our country the formation and development of scientific schools on topical issues in pediatric science and practice are associated with the names of outstanding scientists – coryphaeus of domestic pediatrics. The article focuses on the experience of Moscow scientific schools that have their own history, stages of development, undoubted influence on pediatrics both in our country and abroad.

scholarly journals Learning about the nature of science through the critical and reflective reading of news on the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Science Classroom ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Science News ◽  
The Media ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Models And Modelling ◽  
Educational Potential

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a plethora of information published in the media. Conceived as a socioscientific issue of great relevance currently, this article highlight the educational potential of some media news about the pandemic to reflect and learn about the nature of science (NOS). To this end, a theoretical foundation is first presented regarding the reading of science news published in the media as an educational resource to learn about NOS. Secondly, a proposal is presented on how this might be addressed in the science classroom. The proposal is illustrated by four news items, intentionally selected as examples, which have been published in the Spanish digital press. The aspects of NOS that are discussed in the context of the news items selected are: tentativeness of scientific knowledge, role of error in scientific research, role of debate in the development of science, importance of models and modelling in scientific research, and ethics in science.

scholarly journals E. R. VON STERN AND THE CREATION OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA SCHOOL OF CLASSIC ARCHAEOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
A. H. Kuzmishchev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Considerable Experience

Ernst R. von Stern (1859—1924) was one of the prominent historians of antiquity in the late XIX — early XX century, who participated in the development of Classic archaeology of the Northern Black Sea region. The article discusses the role of E. R. von Stern in the creation of the school of Classic archaeology, which was based on the Novorossiisk University in Odessa and the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities, in particular the museum of that society, as well as the contribution of E. R. von Stern in education of native archaeologists and historians. R. von Stern, having considerable experience in teaching, understood the importance of educating young professional personnel. As a result, due to a long and systematic work, E. R. von Stern was able to create a scientific school of his followers. Among the students of E. R. von Stern were those who later became well-known scholars, connecting their lives with history and archaeology. In particular, the scientific career of B. V. Farmakovskyi (1870—1928), an outstanding archaeologist, a long-term researcher of Olbia, was largely formed thanks to the pedagogical talent of E. R. von Stern. The most known students of E. R. von Stern, except B. V. Farmakovskyi, were also M. I. Mandes (1866—1934), E. G. Kagarov (1882—1942) and M. F. Boltenko (1888—1959).

scholarly journals Human and Animal Immunomorphology in Norm and Experimental Studies: Contribution of Academician M. R. Sapin to the Development of Immune System Organs Doctrine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
D. B. Nikityuk ◽  
S. V. Klochkova ◽  
N. T. Alexeeva ◽  
A. G. Kvaratskheliya
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Historical Materials

The article provides data on scientific research of the Moscow scientific school of academicians D.A. Zhdanov and M.R. Sapin in the field of morphofunctional organization of the lymphatic and immune systems. The historical materials and scientific research of their students and followers were studied. The biographical milestones in the life and professional activities of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences D.A. Zhdanov and his student, academician of the RAS M.R. Sapin within the walls of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Institute (now – Sechenov University). The main scientific direction of D.A. Zhdanov taught about the lymphatic system. As a result of his research, the important role of the organs of the immune system in the formation of the body's response to antigenic effects was shown. Studying the professional and creative activities of M.R. Sapin showed that he was a fairly bright personality in the morphological community. A large number of his students and followers allows the scientific direction of academician M.R. Sapin live and develop today. New scientists-morphologists, using modern research methods, will continue and develop the teachings of M.R. Sapin, as in his time he continued and deepened the scientific direction of his teacher.

scholarly journals WORLD ACHIEVEMENTS OF STUDENTS OO WORSHIP AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR SCIENTIFIC WORK

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
N. SHARLAY
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
World Science ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Holistic Analysis ◽  
Talented Students ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
Scientific Pedagogical

The content of the article is to carry out a holistic analysis of the world achievements of students O.O. Bogomolets and the significance of their scientific achievements. It was found out that the scientific-pedagogical and teaching activity of the scientist О.О. Bogomolets is improperly researched, generalized and covered in literature – so his legacy as a teacher, founder of scientific schools, requires even more detailed study and systematic study, because it contains valuable experience of scientific and methodological and pedagogical work for a new generation of scientists. It is determined that today there are actually no systematically completed studies of his pedagogical activities, organizational and methodological work on the establishment of scientific schools and work with future doctors. It is investigated that the contribution of O.O. Bogomolets and his disciples in world science are indisputable, and the achievements of the scientist and his disciples as pioneers in science are really impressive. It is determined that the uniqueness of O.O. Bogomolets is a combination of the depth of theoretical thought with the tasks in medicine. It is substantiated that his ideas in a number of tasks were much ahead of the level of science at that time and much later were confirmed in scientific research. O.O Bogomolets is a scientist of world importance, Ukrainian scientist-pathophysiologist, founder of the Ukrainian school of pathological physiology, endocrinology and gerontology, organizer of Ukrainian science. He was characterized by deep erudition, initiative, extreme devotion to science, democracy, lecturing skills. These qualities made it possible for him to create a scientific school of pathophysiologists. Alexander Bogomolets had a large detachment of talented students and at the same time left a great legacy through his students to the next generation. The depth of brilliant scientific research and the style of scientific and pedagogical work have managed to encourage hundreds of young scientists.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr V. Kavaliou
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Distance Communication ◽  
Institutional Aspects

The article examines the problem of institutional aspects of the activities of scientific schools. The methodological basis of the study includes the ideas of the evolutionary theory of social institutions. Dialectical and causal methods are the main methods of analysis. The article demonstrates the role of institutions in the process of formation, decline and revival of the school on the example of the Austrian school of economics. The development of the school took place in accordance with the institutional requirements that existed at that time, the school reached the rare case of four to five generations of “teacher-pupil”. The loss of the institutional academic environment after the Anschluss of Austria is interpreted as the most important factor leading to decline. The process of the school revival is analyzed in the context of the used scientific institutions (conferences, research centers, scientific journals). The theoretical and practical value of the paper is to confirm the thesis that the transformation of scientific schools into invisible colleges that do not require geographical localization, in the case of a school revival, has its own specifics. In our opinion, the work of scientists in different scientific centers with joint distance communication initially requires the concentration of a “critical mass” around one of them. For the Austrian school, the Mises Institute acted as such a center. In addition, the fruitful functioning of a scientific school requires the task of preparing new scientists, which cannot be without academic institutionalization, i.e. opening the master's and doctoral programs.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in aircraft design and the role of professor V.G. Maslov’s scientific school in the process of its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
N. M. Borgest ◽  
V. A. Grigoriev ◽  
V. S. Kuzmichev
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Leading Position

The article was prepared for the 95th anniversary of the birth of Valentin Grigorievich Maslov, Doctor of Science (Engineering), Professor, founder of the school for optimal design of aircraft engine parameters, head of the engine CAD system department (Department 6) of the applied research laboratory (ONIL-2) of Kuibyshev Aviation Institute named after academician S.P. Korolyov. The stages of creating the theoretical foundation for optimal design of aircraft are discussed. The role of Professor V.G. Maslov in the formalization of knowledge in aircraft design in a context of uncertainty and the importance of multi-criteria assessment of design solutions are described. The work of Department 6 ONIL-2 (KuAI-SSAU), led by Valentin Grigorievich, provided Samara scientific school with a leading position in the field of optimal design of engines for aircraft of varying function. These works contributed to the formation of a modern understanding of the intellectualization of systems and the successful start of work in the field of their creation. The development of Professor V.G. Maslovs ideas in the works of his students is shown.

scholarly journals Methodology of Modern Rhetorical Education: Russian Scientific Schools

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-43
Author(s):  
V. I. Annushkin ◽  
A. V. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Communication ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Rhetorical Education ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Style Of Thought ◽  
The Creation

The article is devoted to the description of the activities of Russian scientific schools in theoretical and pedagogical understanding of rhetoric as a science of the laws and rules of effective and appropriate speech. The process of restoration of rhetoric in Russia from the 70-80s of the last century is considered - a classical discipline dealing with the problems of speech and the culture of speech communication. It is shown that the result of this process was the creation in various universities of Russia of original scientific and pedagogical concepts, which today cover the whole range of general territorial rules for constructing prosaic speech and particular issues of professional communication in various fields of activity. It is noted that each described scientific school offers independent ways and methods of teaching good and correct, convincing and decorated, perfect speech. Rhetoric is defined as the central philological discipline that deals with the problems of public speech practice and dictates, with its recommendations, a certain style of thought and lifestyle. It is emphasized that this science is correlated with all “speech professions”, since each competent specialist expresses himself in a word and organizes his activity through communication and the creation of effective influencing texts.

scholarly journals 100 YEARS OF POLYMER SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-166
Author(s):  
Павел Михайлович Пахомов
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureates

Отмечено, что в 1920 г. Герман Штаудингер вводит понятие «макромолекула», и с этого момента ведет отсчет наука о полимерах. Рассмотрен научный вклад в полимерную науку Г. Штаудингера, У. Карозерса и Г. Марка, являющихся основоположниками этой науки. Перечислены лауреаты Нобелевской премии, исследования которых связаны с полимерной наукой. Рассмотрен вклад российских ученых в становление науки о полимерах. Выделены две научные школы по полимерам в СССР: ленинградская и московская. Отмечена выдающаяся роль академика В.А. Каргина в становлении полимерной науки и создании научной полимерной школы в СССР. It is noted, that in 1920, Hermann Staudinger introduced the termin of «macromolecule», and from that moment the polymer science is started. The contribution to the polymer science of H. Staudinger, W. Carothers and H. Mark, who are the founders of this science, is considered. The Nobel Prize laureates, whose studies are related to polymer science, are listed. The contribution of Russian scientists to the formation of the science of polymers is considered. In the USSR two scientific schools on polymers - Leningrad’ and Moscow’ - are distinguished. The outstanding role of academician V.A. Kargin in the formation of polymer science and the creation of a scientific polymer school in the USSR is noted.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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