scholarly journals The analysis of the methods of hydrocarbon emission measurement according to European vehicle emission legislation

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Stanisław RADZIMIRSKI
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Hydrocarbon Concentration ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emission ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Legislation

The paper discusses the measurement methods of methane hydrocarbons, non-methane hydrocarbons and total hydrocarbons set forth in the European emission regulations pertaining to M and N vehicle types and their engines. A model for the determining of the concentration of the said hydrocarbons and mathematical formulas have been derived. The concentration of the hydrocarbons determined as per the standards and the actual hydrocarbon concentration have been compared. Based on the above, changes have been proposed in the methodology set forth in the regulations.

scholarly journals Study on the decomposition of vehicle evaporative emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Kun Liao ◽  
Ni Zhang ◽  
Lingyun Wei ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
Shenghua Qu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Evaporative Emissions ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emission ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Light Vehicle ◽  
Definition Of

With the further tightening of light vehicle emission regulations, the emission limit of evaporative pollutants is reduced from 2.0g/test to 0.7g/test from the fifth stage to the sixth stage in China. The definition of evaporative pollutants in the regulation refers to the hydrocarbon loss from the fuel system of the vehicle. Through the actual evaporation test, it is found that the tested emissions include not only the hydrocarbon emissions from the fuel system, but also the hydrocarbon emissions from the non fuel system. In this study, an experimental study on evaporative pollutants was carried out for a vehicle and its components developed by Dongfeng Motor Company. The results show that the hydrocarbon emission from fuel system accounts for 21% of the total hydrocarbon emission. In order to reduce the emission of evaporative pollutants, we can start from two aspects: one is to improve the design of fuel system; the other is to carry out specific pretreatment for non fuel system.

On-Road Gaseous Emission Characteristics of China IV CNG Bus in Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1864-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Ming Lou ◽  
Si Li Qian ◽  
Zhi Yuan Hu ◽  
Pi Qiang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System

In this paper, on-road CO, THC, NOX, CO2 gaseous emissions characteristics of china IV CNG bus were analyzed based on on-road vehicle emission test in the peak and non-peak hours of city traffic in Shanghai using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results reveal that: compared with the condition results in the non-peak hours, it (conditions in the peak hours) have lower average speed, longer idle time and shorter high speed time; the NOX emission factor and rate in the peak hour reduced by 5.66% and 70.2%; the CO, HC, CO2 emissions factors are increased by 47.2%, 32.6%, 20.8%, and the CO, HC, CO2 emissions rates reduced by 1.94%, 26.5%, 48.7% respectively, compared with that in the non-peak hours; The CO, HC, NOX, CO2 emissions factors all decreased as bus speed increased, while they increased as bus acceleration increased; the gaseous emissions rates all increased as bus speed increased; both the emissions factors and emissions rates contributions are highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses; the emissions rates under the condition of idling is lowest; gaseous emissions contribution under the various operating conditions has displayed certain correlations with the percentage of the time for different operating conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Emission Measurement Methods for Electromagnetic Disturbances in the Frequency Range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz for LED Lamps According to EN 55015

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Kamuda ◽  
Dariusz Klepacki ◽  
Kazimierz Kuryło ◽  
Wiesław Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Electromagnetic Disturbances

The results of measurements of electromagnetic disturbances emitted by LED lamps, in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz, which were made using two methods described in the EN 55015/2013 standard have been presented in the paper. In order to compare both methods, each tested lamp was first measured using the traditional method described in Section4.4.2 and then tested by an alternative, equivalent method described in Annex B of the above-mentioned standard. The comparison of results for both methods indicates that using first method, a given LED lamp emits disturbances below the acceptable limits, while the same LED lamp tested with the second method emits disturbances that are at the limit of admissible values. Additionally, used statistical tools in the form of calculated linear correlation coefficient show that the nature of the emission of disturbances measured for the same lamp is very comparable in both methods. The reference of these quasi-peak values to the permissible limits applicable in one or the other method may lead to different decisions.

scholarly journals Designing On-Road Vehicle Test Programs for the Development of Effective Vehicle Emission Models

2005 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Younglove ◽  
George Scora ◽  
Matthew Barth
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Error ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mobile Vehicle ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Source Emission

Mobile source emission models for years have depended on laboratory-based dynamometer data. Recently, however, portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) have become commercially available and in widespread use, and make on-road real-world measurements possible. As a result, the newest mobile source emission models (e.g., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's mobile vehicle emission simulator) are becoming increasingly dependent on PEMS data. Although on-road measurements are made under more realistic conditions than laboratory-based dynamometer test cycles, they introduce influencing variables that must be carefully measured for properly developed emission models. Further, test programs that simply measure in-use driving patterns of randomly selected vehicles will result in models that can effectively predict current-year emission inventories for typical driving conditions. However, when predicting more aggressive transportation operations than current typical operations (e.g., higher speeds, accelerations), the model predictions will be less certain. In this paper, various issues associated with on-road emission measurements and modeling are presented. Further, an example on-road emission data set and the reduction in estimation error through the addition of a short aggressive driving test to the in-use data are examined. On the basis of these results, recommendations are made on how to improve the on-road test programs for developing more robust emission models.

Relating Vehicle Emission Regulations to Air Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
M L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
The Relationship

The European regulations governing the emissions of gaseous pollutants from gasoline-engined motor vehicles is reviewed and discussed, including the so-called ‘Luxembourg Agreement’. The relationship between the regulation emission limits and those measured in practice from ‘as-received’ vehicles in use is also discussed. Having discussed the relationship between regulations and emissions, the further relationships between vehicle emissions and air quality are also discussed, giving particular attention to carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and lead.

scholarly journals Vehicle Emission Factors of Solid Nanoparticles in the Laboratory and on the Road Using Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barouch Giechaskiel ◽  
Francesco Riccobono ◽  
Theodoros Vlachos ◽  
Pablo Mendoza-Villafuerte ◽  
Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road
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