Relating Vehicle Emission Regulations to Air Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
M L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
The Relationship

The European regulations governing the emissions of gaseous pollutants from gasoline-engined motor vehicles is reviewed and discussed, including the so-called ‘Luxembourg Agreement’. The relationship between the regulation emission limits and those measured in practice from ‘as-received’ vehicles in use is also discussed. Having discussed the relationship between regulations and emissions, the further relationships between vehicle emissions and air quality are also discussed, giving particular attention to carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and lead.

scholarly journals The Contributions To The Study Of Carbon Monoxide Pollution Due To Car Traffic In A Densely Populated Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Borza Sorin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Gis Software

Abstract Air quality monitoring is the most important environmental factor to be considered because it is the fastest way that helps pollutant transport into the environment. The development of human society has led to a negative anthropogenic and technogenic impact on air quality, resulting into a significant series of adverse effects on human health, flora, fauna and ecosystems in general. In this paper it is presentd the research work performed to monitor carbon monoxide emissions from motor vehicles in traffic, in a densely populated area in Sibiu. Also, in the paper it is described, the research findings conducted in accordance with national and European legislation. In our research we used GIS software, Geomedia Professional.

scholarly journals Hubungan Konsetrasi NO2 Udara Ambien Terhadap Konsentrasi NO2 Udara Dalam Ruang Di Lampu Merah Simpang Jelutung Kota Jambi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peppy Herawati ◽  
Anggrika Riyanti ◽  
Ageng Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTTtransportation is one of the factors that have a major influence in air quality decline. Air pollution is not only happening outside the room and will mobilization activities of motor vehicles, but it can affect air quality in space. One of the pollutant gas produced from vehicles is the concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This allows an exposure that will impact on public health. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of NO2 air ambient concentration (outdoor) to indoor air (indoor) in Simpang Jelutung Red Lights area. The method used in this study is quantitatif method. Data collection using sampling NO2 concentration in outdoor and indoor. The relationship between outdoor and indoor NO2 concentrations was analyzed using Pearson correlation. This is in line with the small influence of air NO2 concentration in space on public health. Result shows that all of the sample is still categorized either or not passing the air quality standard (150 μg / m3) in Government Regulation Number 41 Year 1999. The correlation analysis result  show relationship NO2 concentration between ambient air (outdoor) to indoor air was 13%, which means that correlation relationship is very weak.  Keywords:     Ambient air, indoor air, NO2 concentration

Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions, Fifty Years: 1960–2010

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Merrion
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Consent Decrees ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines have been legislated since the 1960’s and continue until 2010. Smoke emissions continue to be controlled but exhaust odor regulations were never promulgated. Gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons) were not regulated until 1973 and particulate matter first regulated in 1988. Emission regulations have been through several periods of cooperation between regulators and manufacturers but there have also been periods of conflict and lawsuits. The most recent issues are with the October 2002 requirements of the Consent Decrees signed by seven diesel engine manufacturers and USEPA/US DOJ/CARB. Also the 2007/2010 regulations are under review.

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial Variability of Air Quality in Sydney: Part 1—A Suburban Balcony Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Simmons ◽  
Clare Paton-Walsh ◽  
Frances Phillips ◽  
Travis Naylor ◽  
Élise-Andrée Guérette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen

There is increasing awareness in Australia of the health impacts of poor air quality. A common public concern raised at a number of “roadshow” events as part of the federally funded Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub (CAUL) project was whether or not the air quality monitoring network around Sydney was sampling air representative of typical suburban settings. In order to investigate this concern, ambient air quality measurements were made on the roof of a two-storey building in the Sydney suburb of Auburn, to simulate a typical suburban balcony site. Measurements were also taken at a busy roadside and these are discussed in a companion paper (Part 2). Measurements made at the balcony site were compared to data from three proximate regulatory air quality monitoring stations: Chullora, Liverpool and Prospect. During the 16-month measurement campaign, observations of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone and particulate matter less than 2.5-µm diameter at the simulated urban balcony site were comparable to those at the closest permanent air quality stations. Despite the Auburn site experiencing 10% higher average carbon monoxide amounts than any of the permanent air quality monitoring sites, the oxides of nitrogen were within the range of the permanent sites and the pollutants of greatest concern within Sydney (PM2.5 and ozone) were both lowest at Auburn. Similar diurnal and seasonal cycles were observed between all sites, suggesting common pollutant sources and mechanisms. Therefore, it is concluded that the existing air quality network provides a good representation of typical pollution levels at the Auburn “balcony” site.

Air Quality and Climate Change: Hard Choices

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Ochsner ◽  
Ruth MacDougall ◽  
La Ronda Bowen ◽  
Allen Dusault ◽  
George Simons
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
The Status ◽  
Catch 22 ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
Control Technologies

This paper presents the results of a study conducted by Itron, Sustainable Conservation and Bowen & Associates for the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) to investigate the status and costs of controls for reducing emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from small (100 to 300 kW) reciprocating engines operating on biogas from dairy digesters. During the course of the study, it became apparent that simultaneous environmental policies have created a fundamental “catch 22” situation for California’s biogas industry. On one hand, California air quality regulations require distributed generation (DG) technologies to achieve aggressive emission limits for control of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). At the same time, California’s Governor and Legislature have passed landmark legislation calling for GHG emissions to be reduced by twenty-five percent to 1990 levels by no later than 2020. A “catch 22” occurs because while DG technologies, particularly biogas fueled technologies, can play a key role in reducing GHG emissions, NOx control technologies needed to meet the required NOx levels have not matured to commercial readiness. This requires project developers to take substantial risks on both the financial and technical front without the likelihood of recouping their investments. The result creates an impasse that potentially deprives California not only of forward progress in reducing GHG emissions but forestalls significant interim NOx reductions that could otherwise be achieved. However, the situation highlights a problem that extends beyond California’s borders and the biogas industry: how to simultaneously achieve aggressive air quality targets while making significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper presents the findings of an investigation into proposed NOx emissions limits for biogas to energy applications and how those requirements interact with policies to reduce GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Estimasi Beban Pencemar Dari Emisi Kendaraan Bermotor di Ruas Jalan Kota Pekanbaru

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Hodijah ◽  
Bintal Amin ◽  
Mubarak Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Pm 10

Increasing population and economy in Pekanbaru City was clearly followed by anincrease in the number of motor vehicles has the potential to cause air pollution andendanger human health. This research was aimed to analyze the pollutant load gases of CO,HC, NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 emissions from motor vehicles at at Pekanbaru City. Survey on thevolume of motor vehicles, roadside air quality and vehicle emission test was conducted onthree different road in Pekanbaru city. The volume of motor vehicles and pollutants loadsfrom motor vehicle emissions was highest at Sudirman road and the lowest at Diponegororoad. There are very significant differences between Sudirman road with Diponegoro roadand Tuanku Tambusai road with Diponegoro road. Higher pollutant load was found for gasCO (76,4 %), than gas HC (19,4 %), gas NO 2 (3,6 %), gas SO 2 (0,1 % ) and PM 10 ( 0,7 % ).The largest contribution of pollutant load gas CO, HC and PM 10 comes from motorcycles, gasNO 2 from the city cars and gas SO 2 coming from the truck. The quality of roadside air in thethird road to the gases CO, NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 are still below the ambient air qualitystandards, whilest gas HC had passed the ambient air quality standard. A positive correlationbetween concentrations of roadside air pollutants with a load of motor vehicle emissions wasfound. The percentage of motor vehicle emission test results explain that the rates of vehiclesfueled with gasoline were higher than diesel vehicles and that do not pass of the emission testwere generally produced before 2007, while for diesel vehicles that do not pass the emissionstest opacity value that were produced in the 2010 onward. 

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variations of lower tropospheric pollutants and their relation with meteorological factors in Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilshad Ahmed ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Moinuddin Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Fahim Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Housing Authority ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

Abstract Despite being one of the most populated cities globally, the air quality of Karachi is hardly ever comprehended. The present paper investigates the outdoor concentrations of 10 air pollutants, viz. NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, O3, CH4, methane carbon, non-methane hydrocarbons, and total hydrocarbons at three different city sites, viz., Sohrab Goth, Defense Housing Authority, and North Nazimabad. The results demonstrate that these pollutants severely affected the city's air quality. The annual mean concentrations of both NO2 and SO2 exceeded the WHO guidelines at some study sites. The city experiences varied concentrations of major air pollutants because three types of fuel, viz. diesel, gasoline, and compressed natural gas, operate the motor vehicles in this conurbation. The study also correlates the various air pollutants with each other and with various meteorological factors. All the three oxides of nitrogen are statistically associated at all three sites with one another, with SO2 at Defense Housing Authority, with CO at North Nazimabad, and with meteorological factors at Sohrab Goth and Defense Housing Authority. Carbon monoxide is statistically associated with the meteorological factors only at North Nazimabad. The study suggests that higher air pollution in the city is due to the adoption of lenient vehicular emission standards because stringent emission standards cannot be adopted due to the non-availability of low or zero sulfur fuel. Moreover, ineffective regulation of exiting standards also contributes to higher vehicular emissions in the city.

STUDI PENENTUAN KOMPOSISI OPTIMUM CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL–PETRODIESEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni S. Wirawan dkk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

Biodiesel is a viable substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Its advantages are improved lubricity, higher cetane number and cleaner emission. Biodiesel and its blends with petroleum-based diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines without any signifi cant modifi cations to the engines. Data from the numerous research reports and test programs showed that as the percent of biodiesel in blends increases, emission of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) all decrease, but the amount of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fuel consumption is tend to increase. The most signifi cant hurdle for broader commercialization of biodiesel is its cost. In current fuel price policy in Indonesia (especially fuel for transportation), the higher percent of biodiesel in blend will increase the price of blends fuel. The objective of this study is to assess the optimum blends of biodiesel with petroleum-based diesel fuel from the technically and economically consideration. The study result recommends that 20% biodiesel blend with 80% petroleum-based diesel fuel (B20) is the optimum blend for unmodifi ed diesel engine uses.Keywords: biodiesel, emission, optimum, blend

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