Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

THE ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE CARE OF ORPHANS IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE TAMBOV EPARCHY)

2018 ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Katharina KUCHER ◽  
Pavel Petrovich SHCHERBININ ◽  
Yuliya Vyacheslavovna SHCHERBININA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Provincial Society ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Charitable Activities

The practice of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate of the 19th – early 20th century through the prism of Orthodox charity and monastic charity is studied comprehensively and systematically. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials, primarily periodicals, various little-known aspects of the claimed scientific problem were studied representatively. We summarize the domestic experience of studying the system of charitable initiatives of the Orthodox clergy in provincial Russia, which had significant differences from the realities of the capital. The peculiarity of the care organizations of orphans of the spiritual estate at the regional and district level, which allows to assess the realities of social protection in the Tambov Eparchy of the chronological period, is studied. The possibilities of monastic charity and its significance in the context of charitable activities are clarified. Special consideration is given to the rules of care for orphans in monasteries in the years of peace and during the Russian-Japanese War in 1904–1905 and the First World War in 1914–1918. The main motives and incentives for charitable activities of large regional monasteries were identified, which reflected the general trends in the development of provincial society in the Russian Empire of the examined period. Conclusions are drawn about the results and experience, traditions and features of the activities of parish caregivers to support orphans at the level of the province and county, which allowed to successfully reconstruct this part of the social protection system of pre-revolutionary Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of charitable support of the Orthodox clergy, as well as the assessment of socio-cultural and ethno-religious positions of the regional society. The influence of the practice of orphans care in the monastery shelters in the period of education and training, as well as subsequent socialization is clarified. It is proved that the Orthodox clergy very rarely showed their own initiative to care for orphans in the region, but the orders of the eparchial authorities determined the ideology and practice of provincial charity through the prism of spiritual bonds and values of mercy.

scholarly journals Eduards Volters and the Institutionalization of Book Science in the Early 20th Century

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 230-263
Author(s):  
Aušra Navickienė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
European Region ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Eduardas Volteris (1856‒1941) is one of the first book theorists in the Eastern European region and developer of the most important memory and higher education institutions of independent Lithuania. This article analyzes the early 20th c. phenomenon of the institutionalization of book science. It attempts to answer the question of how Eduardas Volteris contributed to establishing the very first Eastern European societies of book researchers, to consolidating the sciences of bibliography, bibliology and book science within the realm of academia, and to professionalising of book scholarship. The sources for examination of the social aspects of book science are: documents belonging to the Russian Society of Bibliology, which was active in St. Petersburg in 1899–1931, materials in scholarly serial publications on book science of the early 20th c., theoretical papers published by E. Volteris, and the results of the historical studies on the history of European book science.

Social care, the personal passport, and reasonable adjustments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traolach S. Brugha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adult Autism

Where treatment and health care is no longer able to bring relief and improve functioning, social care should take over. In this chapter, we discuss the development of social care in the context of adult autism, and the range of its concerns and interests is considered. The key role of the social worker, particularly as a broker of social care, is developed. Health professionals define the need for reasonable adjustments to assessed disability, and the content of a personal passport, summarizing individual’s needs. Health professionals also have a key role in risk management, although the social worker may have a key co-ordinating role. A wide range of contexts for social care within and beyond health care is considered. The distinction between individual need and care planning, and the role of the wider society, which will be covered in Chapter 14, concludes this chapter.

scholarly journals Volodymyr Menchyts (1837–1916) Against the Backdrop of the Epoch

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Nelia Romaniuk ◽  
◽  
Andrii Sinitskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods

Purpose of the article is to broaden the knowledge about the Ukrainian national movement, problems of the creation of a nation in 19th – beginning of the 20th century through the prism of life and activities of an individual person – Volodymyr Amvrosiiovych Menchyts, as a cultural and educational figure. The methodology of research is based on a combination of general scientific and special historical methods with the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The application of these methods made it possible to conduct a systematic analysis of the sources that helped to personify the figure of V. Menchyts. Scientific novelty. The role of V. Menchyts against the backdrop of the epoch of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century has been highlighted on the basis of published and archival documents. His role was marked by the intensification of the national movement, the formation of the idea of state formation of Ukraine. Conclusions. Research into the biography of Volodymyr Amvrosiyovych Menchyts and its reproduction showed that he was an outstanding personality, a bright representative of the Ukrainian national movement of the second half of the 19th – beginning 20th century. He entered Ukrainian history as an educator and philosopher, a collector of Ukrainian folklore, and a specialist in literature and publishing. V. Menchyts was a representative of the spiritual elite of the society of that time. Those people contributed to the formation of moral and ethical foundations of the social worldview, national idea and state formation of Ukraine. A significant constellation of figures that developed and acted in this period in society, in particular Volodymyr Menchyts and his company, clearly defined the outlines of the Ukrainophil movement. Along with a cohort of less known but, undoubtedly, sincere patriots, the famous representatives of this movement were able to lay the ideological foundation for the development of the Ukrainian state at the beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals Avantgarde Suomessa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Women Artists ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
First Time

Avant-garde in Finland is the first book to provide an overarching introduction to avant-garde art by Finnish artists. The articles in the book discuss the application and development of the cultural ideas of the avant-garde in Finnish art from the early 20th century till the present day. The book focusses on the social, political, and artistic characteristics of avant-garde art and their manifestation in Finnish avant-garde literature, visual arts, architecture, fashion, and music. The book shows the remarkable role of women artists in the development of the Finnish avant-garde. Many artists and groups are presented in the book for the first time. At the same time, the articles highlight connections between well-known Finnish artists and international avant-garde movements that have not been recognized in earlier research. A key theme of the book is the tension between the internationality of avant-garde and the nationalist elements of Finnish culture. The book is peer-reviewed, and its authors are eminent senior scholars and younger researchers.

Protection of motherhood and infancy in the first decade of Soviet government in the Tambov Region (1918–1928)

2019 ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Pavel Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
County Level ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

The social policy regarding motherhood and infancy, including the system of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate in the first decade of Soviet government (1918–1928) was specially and comprehensively studied in the context of state, public and private support of the agrarian society. The focus was on the reconstruction of the conformity of the program of maternity and childhood protection proclaimed by the Soviet government at the regional level. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials (archival sources, periodicals, published materials) various little-known aspects of a scientific problem are representatively investigated. We summarize the successful and unsuccessful experience of the formation of a welfare state system and public initiatives of the medical community and women’s departments in provincial Russia, which often had significant differences from metropolitan events and management decisions. A staged organization has been identified of creating subdivisions of motherhood and infancy, the actual care of orphans at the regional and county level, which makes it possible to assess the op-portunities and needs of social protection and the care of children in urban and rural society during the chronological period. We clarify the transformation of social institutions in relation to the maternity and childhood, both at the level of the governorate and at the county level. The situation of abandoned children and the social policy of transferring these children to private education are specifically considered, the financial problems associated with the transfer of orphans to childless peasant families are assessed. The main trends of social care for the “children of misfortune”, the motives for helping and supporting them by the local community, collectives of enterprises and state institutions of the period under review are revealed. Conclusions are made about the results and historical regional experience and traditions, peculiarities of supporting motherhood and childhood at the level of the province and counties, which made it possible to successfully reconstruct this social protection system of the new Soviet Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and concrete historical manifestations of the social state in the era of social cataclysms (Revolution, Civil War, Antonovschina, New Economic Policy), as well as assessing social and political, social and cultural tendencies of the Soviet government.

The First Public Libraries in the Nizhny Novgorod Province

2010 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Elena G. Kapranova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Establishment Process

Types of the first public libraries existing in the Nizhniy Novgorod province in the end of 19th — the early 20th century are reviewed. Use of a wide range of sources has allowed to draw conclusions on the importance of their activity for the population of province and provincial city. The role of an educational society in the in the establishment process and the further keeping of public libraries is shown.

scholarly journals ANDEH SETIA: Women's Economic Mobilizer in Sulit Air in Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Addi Arrahman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach

<p><em>Weaving handicrafts became the motor Minangkabau's economy at the beginning of the 20th. It encouraged the establishment of weaving centers, such as Amai Setia (1911) and Andeh Setia (1912). Amai Setia handicrafts' are still standing strong nowadays, while Andeh Setia is thus no longer known by the people of Sulit Air today. This paper uses the social history approach and exposes the history of the emergence and fall of Andeh Setia as an economic movement in Sulit Air. The establishment of Andeh Setia is inseparable from the role of ninik mamak and women in Sulit Air. Andeh Setia's success was ultimately drowned due to the loss of driving figures, the reduction in women's interest in weaving crafts, and the overflow of merantau. This finding also suggests that the economic independence of the people in Sulit Air, depends heavily on the role of </em>perantau<em>. This situation is thus an obstacle to the realization of economic independence. </em></p><p> </p><p>Kerajinan tenun menjadi penggerak perekonomian di Minangkabau pada awal ke-20. Ini mendorong terbentuknya pusat kerajaninan tenun, seperti Amai Setia (1911) dan Andeh Setia (1912). Kerajinan Amai Setia hingga saat ini masih dapat ditemukan, sedangkan Andeh Setia justeru tidak dikenal lagi oleh masyarakat Sulit Air hari ini. Padahal, pada tahun 1912, kualitas tenun Andeh Setia sangat diminati pasar. Itulah sebabnya, Andeh Setia menjadi penggerak ekonomi perempuan di Sulit Air. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa sebab hilangnya Andeh Setia adalah karena kehilangan tokoh penggerak, menurunnya minat kaum perempuan terhadap kerajinan tenun, dan menguatnya arus merantau.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals La pédagogie «régénérationniste» du jardin et du paysage de Javier de Winthuysen

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rémy Bercovitz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Social

<p class="Normal1">One of the most important Spanish garden and landscape designers of the early 20th century, Javier de Winthuysen (1874-1956) was also a pioneer in the reflection<strong> </strong>on education in the field of garden and landscape. Yet the educational dimension of his reflection and his work has been little studied so far. The following lines aim to partially fill this gap. The educational dimension of Winthuysen's work is thought to constitute an extremely pertinent way into an in-depth understanding of the ideas of a landscape designer who never ceased to relate the question of the art of gardens and the role of landscape design to the social debates and the intellectual controversies that agitated his time.</p>

Historiographical traditions in the study of “children of misfortune” in the context of orphanage in the Russian Empire and Soviet Russia in the first third of the 20th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-282
Author(s):  
Inna Shikunova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
System Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire

We consider the historiographical traditions of both domestic and foreign historiography on the study of the childhood history, children’s daily life, the history of motherhood and childhood, social welfare and charity of “children of misfortune” both in the capital and at the provincial level in the first third of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of methodological approaches and research practices, we identify the most successful, complex and effective, including consider-ation of various poorly studied aspects of the claimed scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system study that are significantly different from the works of the capital’s historians. We refine the approaches and interpretation in the study of the role and place of the social state in the Russian Empire and the policy of Soviet authorities in relation to orphans. We reveal the main posed questions of the prospects of historiographical study of a wide range of childhood history problems. We draw conclusions about the results of the study of social protec-tion and charity of orphans system in both pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account the regional specifics and specific historical manifesta-tions of social policy in the study of charitable support and private public initiative of the period under review. We reveal the stereotypical approaches and assessments in relation to the system development of social charity and welfare for “children of misfortune” in imperial and Soviet Russia.

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