Desertion control commissions as one of the types of quasi-judicial bodies in the early Soviet period (on the example of the Tambov district commission to combat desertion)

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Alla G. Fakurdinova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Parallel System ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Revolutionary Period

We analyze the regulatory framework for the formation of Desertion Commissions of various levels – emergency agencies that existed in the early Soviet post-revolutionary period. The relevance of the study is determined by the widespread use of quasi-judicial forms, both in retrospect and in the modern legal field: the introduction of mediation procedures, administrative proceedings. Quasi-judicial institutions in the Soviet model of statehood occupied a significant place and accompanied a parallel system of people’s courts. A study of quasi-judicial bodies and their powers in retrospect allows us to clarify both the theoretical value and the practical implementation of the justice forms. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the history of the Desertion Commissions in their hierarchy on archival materials of the Tambov Governorate and regulations. The research methods were the formal legal analysis of historical and legal acts of the Soviet era: a comparative analysis of the powers and activities of quasi-judicial bodies and people’s courts. We establish the emergency powers of the Desertion Commissions, based on the principles of mutual responsibility, hostage, at the same time, we substantiate the existence of elements of judicial mediation in the framework of their activities.

scholarly journals Historical and Legal Analysis of the Development of the Institute of Defence Attorneys in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Olga Biryukova ◽  
Irina Bondarenko ◽  
Oleg Vinnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Revolutionary Period

This research featured the origin, formation, and development of the institute of defence attorneys in Russia. The methodology was based on the classical principles of historicism and objectivity. Comparative-historical and chronological methods made it possible to reproduce a retrospective analysis of the development of the Institute of defence attorneys. The formal-legal method helped to clarify its legal basis. The authors studied normative legal acts and monuments of law, as well as scientific publications, monographs, and dissertations related to the history of the Bar in Russia. The institute of defence attorneys proved to have a long history, from the first legal representatives of the XV century to the first Russian Bar in the second half of the XIX century, the Soviet Bar, and the contemporary Bar. At each stage, the Russian Bar had its own specific features. For instance, the term "lawyer" was not used in the pre-revolutionary period. The Judicial Statutes of 1864 included the term "sworn attorney". During the Soviet period, lawyers were called "defenders". Their function was quite formal: to represent the general principles of Soviet legislation rather than to defend the interests of the client. The contemporary law on legal practice and defence defines the terminology and regulates the legal status of an attorney. The paper also introduces an analysis of the forms of Bars in Russia and their main functions. The Institute of defence attorneys provides qualified legal assistance to the population, which makes the review quite relevant.

scholarly journals История становления метеорологических наблюдений на востоке России и в ряде восточных странах

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-901
Author(s):  
Aybulat V. Psyanchin ◽  
◽  
Rezeda Z. Hizbullina ◽  
Liliya A. Zaripova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meteorological Observations

Introduction. The article reviews the history of the origin and development of meteorological observations in the East of Russia and some Eastern countries of Eurasia. Goals. The paper seeks not just to describe the sequence of events from the history of the development of meteorology as a science in the East, but rather to find patterns that lead to the chain of research on the nature of the region, identify the main stages or periods thereof, consider and clarify the development of meteorology in the East of Russia and Eastern Eurasia. Materials. The work employs a set of complementary research methods, such as theoretical analysis of geographical and historical literature on the problem under consideration; provides insights into archival materials and published sources; conducts comparative analysis of events from the history of the origin and development of meteorological science on the Eastern borders of our country. Conclusions. The study of archival materials and published sources made it possible to determine trends in the development of meteorological research in the region. The article primarily focuses on the influence of the Beijing Magnetic Meteorological and Main Physical Observatories on the emergence and development of the meteorological network of the East.

scholarly journals Soviet repressions against the clergy and believers of the Dnepropetrovsk region in 1939–1942

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Oleh Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Further Development

The study is carried out in line with general problems of the history of state- church relations in the conditions of the Soviet totalitarian system. For a long time modern historiography did not pay proper attention to anti-religious politics in the USSR in 1939–1941, both at general and regional levels. Most scholars avoided themes related to repressive policy regarding worshipers in the years following the Great Terror, and some even noted the liberalization of the course of the Soviet leadership in the field of religion and church on the eve of the German-Soviet war, which began in June 1941. The purpose of the study is to highlight political repressions against the clergy and believers of various Christian denominations in Dnipropetrovsk region in 1939–1942. Research methods: problem-chronological, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, analysis, synthesis. The main results of the work. The process of preparation and further implementation of repressions of the clergy and active believers of various religious groups of Dnipropetrovsk region in 1939–1942 is highlighted. Dozens of convicted worshipers and “sectarians” are identified by name. Nature of accusations and peculiarities of imposed sentences are determined. The course of collective cases fabricated by the NKVD bodies against the Orthodox clergy is shown. Repressive measures of the authorities in the initial period of the German-Soviet war are analyzed. The continuity of the state anti-religious course and the use of terror until 1942 is proved. The originality of the work is in the use and analysis of numerous previously unknown archival documents which helped to disclose the formulated scientific problem. Practical value: despite the regional limitations of the study, the materials of the article are useful not only to local historians, but also to church historians for further development of the problems in the outlined chronological framework. Type of article: analytical.

Toward a History of the "Soviet Language" (Sovyaz): Archival Documents, Electronic Sources, and the National Corpus

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-289
Author(s):  
Alexander Nakhimovsky
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
National Corpus

The subject matter of this paper is the "Soviet language" (SovYaz for short), a variety of Russian that was used in official contexts during the Soviet period. The use of the term "Soviet language" does not signify a commitment to viewing it as a language or a dialect in the linguistic sense. The question of whether SovYaz is, in fact, a social dialect sensu stricto, is beyond the scope of this paper and irrelevant to its purposes, although the materials presented here may help clarify the argument. This study of SovYaz seeks to utilize three relatively recent developments: newly opened archives with previously unimaginable sources of linguistic data; abundant searchable texts in electronic form; and a powerful new research tool, the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRL). The goal is methodological--to illustrate an approach to the study of SovYaz made possible by these new developments. The paper makes extensive use of the following procedure. First, a feature of SovYaz is identified in two documents selected for close reading, one a newspaper article, the other a top-secret NKVD report. That feature is then traced through other sources, including NCRL. The evolution of the feature is followed from the pre-revolutionary period to later times, sometimes all the way to the 21st century. Finally, the feature is described in some detail. In my experience, the emergence of the National Corpus makes possible a research methodology that transcends a close reading of selected documents but works well with it.

scholarly journals A. A. Petrov. Istoriya izucheniya tunguso-manchzhurskih yazykov v Rossii (Ocherki i issledovaniya) [The history of the study of the Tungus-Manchu languages in Russia (sketches and researches)]

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Burykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
North Siberia ◽  
Post Soviet Period

This publication is a review of a new book by A. A. Petrov devoted to the history of the study of the Tungus-Manchu languages in Russia from the 18th century till the beginning of the 21st century. Reference books of this type on the Tungus-Manchu languages and other languages of the peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia have not been published for over 70 years, and they are especially relevant due to the increase in the volume of publications on these languages, a significant part of which are regional publications of universities and Siberian scientific centers. The main part of the book is the literature on the Tungus-Manchu languages dating back to the 20th century. It is divided into three periods: the pre-revolutionary period (1900—1917), the Soviet period (1917—1991), and the Russian post-Soviet period (1992—2000). There is a certain logic in this: the biographies of most researchers of the older generation fit into one period, and each period reflects certain trends in views on the subject and asks of the study. The book includes a number of supplements for reference. These applications make the book by A. A. Petrov a convenient textbook for students of specialized universities, a guide for refresher courses for teachers of the Tungus-Manchu languages and independent work of teachers, and a guide for foreign researchers who may have difficulties with the Russian bibliography on the subject. A. A. Petrov’s book is unambiguously useful as an everyday reference book of literature on the Tungus-Manchu languages, although, of course, researchers of biographies of scientists as well as researchers of some special problems of studying Tungus-Manchu languages will turn to other sources that provide special requests.

Russian and UK Dementia Action Plans: a comparative analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Koberskaya ◽  
Bogdan Kobierskij
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This study aims to compare two national dementia plans and analyse the approach of each state to the issue. Design/methodology/approach Comparative analysis, legal analysis, policy analysis Findings Although research is central to both plans, the practical implementation of the Russian and UK plans differs. The Russian action plan on dementia is advisory in nature and does not propose specific programmes for research funding. Two plans have different approach to the role of education and risk factors. Research limitations/implications Lack of information on Russian regional strategies does not allow to compare regional differences between two countries. Originality/value This study illustrates several weak points in the UK and Russian dementia policies, which should be addressed to tackle the dementia problem in both countries.

Evolution of Scientific Ideas on Responsibility for Aiding and Abetting a Crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Nekoz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Introduction. The study of the history of complicity is often carried out outside the context of the general history of criminal law, in this connection, one can find a very arbitrary approach to solving the question of the periodization of the normative history of complicity, which clearly does not contribute to the formation of general and correct ideas about the development of the corresponding criminal legal structure. The history of criminal law provisions on liability for complicity in the commission of a crime makes it possible to better understand the current state of this criminal law institution. In modern science, a typical method of analysis is to study only legal monuments that to some extent reflect the normative ideas about complicity in various historical epochs. In this case, neither available sources from judicial practice nor the provisions of criminal law doctrine are taken into account. This approach to the organization of research is not only incomplete, but also significantly distorts the very principle of historical and legal analysis. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of scientific concepts of responsibility for aiding and abetting a crime, which will prevent an arbitrary approach to the issue of periodization of the normative history of aiding and abetting. Methodology. Various general scientific and special methods of cognition were used in this study. At the same time, the historical and legal method became the key one. Results. The study of the main models of criminal law assessment of complicity allows us to make important clarifications and additions to the existing scientific understanding of the genesis of this criminal law structure. First, it allows us to challenge the very categorical ideas formulated in science about the history of complicity, as a gradual transition from “less perfect” and “incorrect” legislative formulations to “more perfect” and “correct” ones. Second, the study calls into question the thesis about the linear development of criminal law science and practice in terms of assessing complicity in the “Soviet” and “pre-Soviet” period, that the development of complicity in the Soviet era followed the path developed by pre-revolutionary theory and practice. Third, the study proves that at all stages of the development of criminal law, the theoretical and normative understanding of complicity assumed the presence of at least two opposite models. Each alternative model assumed, due to the system properties of criminal law, a specific construction of other criminal legal institutions and norms (involvement, forms of complicity, crimes against public safety, stages of crime, rules for sentencing, etc.). Conclusion. The study of the main models of criminal-legal assessment of complicity presented in the history of domestic legislation and legal doctrine allows us to make important clarifications and additions to the existing scientific ideas about the genesis of this criminal-legal structure.

Православный приход на закате Российской империи: состояние, дискуссии, реформы

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Beglov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Church History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
First Time ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The book examines the history of the Orthodox parish, which in the period from the Great reforms of the 1860s to the revolutionary events of 1917-1918 constituted the smallest, but also the most numerous unit of the Church body. The author examines the parish in three aspects: as a social structure, as a subject of public discussion, and as an object of political reform by secular and ecclesiastical authorities. As a social structure, the parish during this period was closely associated with the evolution of the peasant community, urbanization, the development of the clergy class, and other social processes of the Imperial period. The author shows how the policy of the authorities consistently limited the independence of parish institutions and increased the fiscal burden on the parish, which created conditions for the parish crisis. The author reconstructs all the stages of heated discussions about the parish and draws attention to their characters, including those forgotten in historiography. For the first time in the context of the political history of this period, all the projects of transformation of the Orthodox parish put forward during the inter-revolutionary period by various social forces, including the Synodal bureaucracy and deputies of the State Duma, are consistently considered. The components of the “parish revolution” of 1917 and the reaction of Church authorities at various levels, including the Council of the Russian Church of 1917-1918, are described in detail. In addition, the introductory Chapter of the book contains a brief overview of the history of the parish in pre-Petrine Russia, as well as a description of its transformations in the late XVII – early XIX centuries, and the final paragraph provides an overview of the history of the parish in the Soviet period. The initial publication of the extensive archival and statistical material adds to the discussion. The book is addressed both to specialists and those interested in Russian and Church history of the XIX-XX centuries.

scholarly journals The problems of preservation of ethnic identity of the Belarusian diaspora in Soviet and post-Soviet Armenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Garik Atanesyan ◽  
Gayane Hakobyan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soft Target ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The object of this research is the problems of preservation of ethnic identity of the Belarusian diaspora in Armenia during Soviet and post-Soviet period. Interethnic families comprise the current Belarusian community in Armenia. These scattered ethnic groups are the soft target for assimilation processes in the predominantly conservative and monoethnic regions of Armenia. The article presents a brief overview on the history of Belarusian diaspora of Yerevan and Belarusian ethnic groups in the Armenian regions since its formation until the present. Certain backbone characteristics of the concept of diaspora are described. The novelty consists in the division of Belarusian diaspora of Armenia into Belarusian diaspora of Yerevan and ethnic groups of the regions of the Republic of Armenia. A comparative analysis of these fundamentally different communities allowed better understanding the problems that threaten the existence of Belarusian diaspora in Armenia. Analysis is conducted on the basic factors of ethnic identity of the Belarusian diaspora in Armenia. The article reviews the factors that contribute to assimilation and ethnic transformation of Belarusian ethnic groups of the Republic of Armenia and the diaspora of Yerevan. In Yerevan, Belarusian ethnic identifiers are being replaced by the Russians, while in rural areas of Armenia even Russian indicators are being dislodged by the local ethnic components, which can result in fatal assimilation.

Apocrypha from the History of the Jewish Military Union and its Authors

2008 ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Dariusz Libionka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
History Of

This article is an attempt at a critical analysis of the history of the Jewish Fighting Union (JFU) and a presentation of their authors based on documents kept in the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. The author believes that an uncritical approach and such a treatment of these materials, which were generated under the communist regime and used for political purposes resulted in a perverted and lasting picture of the history of this fighting organisation of Zionists-revisionists both in Poland and Israel. The author has focused on a deconsturction of the most important and best known “testimonies regarding the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising”, the development and JFU participation in this struggle, given by Henryk Iwaƒski, WΠadysΠaw Zajdler, Tadeusz Bednarczyk and Janusz Ketling–Szemley.A comparative analysis of these materials, supplemented by important details of their war-time and postwar biographies, leaves no doubt as to the fact that they should not be analysed in terms of their historical credibility and leads one to conclude that a profound revision of research approach to JFU history is necessary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document