Assessment of the condition of Balsam poplar trees (Populus balsamifera L.) in a residental area of Bratsk

In this study, we investigated the health status of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) trees in a residential area of the city of Bratsk (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia). Visual and instrumental assessment of the health status of pruned and unpruned trees was performed. The identified internal defects in the tree were analyzed with a Resistograph device, which enabled the extent of decayed wood to be determined. Visual analysis revealed various types of damage: dried branches, brittle crowns, frost cracks, mechanical damage, curvature of trunks, decay and inclusions of foreign bodies. We compared trees with and without canopy pruning. We found that pruned trees were significantly more damaged than non-pruned trees. Decomposing wood at different stages of development was found in all the trees studied. A tree passport combining the visual and instrumental assessment data was compiled for each tree. The results of the research were used to formulate conclusions and recommendations for improving the management of urban trees in order to restore their ecological and aesthetic functions.

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Instrumental Assessment of Urban Plantings of Balsam Poplar

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.12737/article_59c22400ae6f23.26328219 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 136-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Е. Рунова ◽

E. Runova ◽

Людмила Аношкина ◽

Lyudmila Anoshkina

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Populus Balsamifera ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Internal Damage ◽

Balsam Poplar ◽

Resistant Species ◽

Living Space ◽

Adverse Environmental Conditions

Trees and shrubs grown in ordinary plantings along city streets play a role of barrier between residential developments and highway, protecting residential area from adverse impact of motor vehicles. Different varieties of poplar have received large spread in the greening of cities. This unpretentious, resistant to dust and gases, fast growing species is able to successfully protect living space from harmful emissions. In Bratsk, with harsh, sharply continental climate and adverse environmental conditions, balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) is dominant variety of species. The age of trees currently close to critical one (40-50 years), therefore there is a need of gradual replacement of plantations of Populus balsamifera L. in urban plantings. In one of the residential areas of the city a study on plantations of poplars was conducted. Samples of 653 tree were studied in a visual way: damage of different nature are fixed: thinning of branches, thinning of crown, frost cracks, side-dry tree, mechanical damage, curvature of trunk, presence of rot, hollows, exfoliation, contaminants. We compared the trees subjected to pruning of the crown and trees without pruning. It was discovered that beheading trees are damaged more. 102 trees were examined using Resistograph 4450 device. This method, which is less traumatic for the tree, allows to accurately determine the presence of rot in the trunk. Central rot was detected in different degrees of spread in all trees. There are trees, which state is normal in visual inspection, but the results of instrumental evaluation show internal damage to the trunk by more than 80 %. The greatest danger is the trees with inclination of the trunk, asymmetry of crown. In the presence of the central rot, such trees are considered hazardous ones. 17 of 102 trees were considered hazardous and they are recommended for cutting. A significant part of plantations are planted with violation of the rules: distance from the edge of the roadway to the axis of tree does not comply with the regulatory, which affects traffic safety and condition of plantations. On the basis of conducted research, conclusions are formulated and recommendations on the improvement of urban spaces are proposed, restoration of their environmental and aesthetic functions: to gradually replace old plantings of poplars to other dust - and gas resistant species, expanding the range of vegetation; to comply with the rules in cutting of poplars; to carry out agricultural activities, to remove damaged trees on time.

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CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF MANGANESE, NICKEL IN ORGANS IN HEALTHY AND WEAKENED BALSAM POPLAR TREES (POPULUS BALSAMIFERA L.)

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽

10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-3-488-496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 488-496

Author(s):

R.Kh. Giniyatullin ◽

◽

E.A. Emshina ◽

I.I. Fayruzov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Populus Balsamifera ◽

Balsam Poplar ◽

Poplar Trees ◽

Distribution Features ◽

Vital State ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Absorbing Roots

The work presents the results of many years of research on the assessment of the vital state, accumulation and distribution of manganese, nickel in absorbing, semiskeletal, skeletal roots and in the aerial, organs in healthy and weakened balsamic poplar trees (Populus balsamifera L.) under the conditions of the Sterlitamak industrial centre. It was found that under the influence of heavy metals under pollution conditions at a depth of 0 - 10 (20) cm, the proportion of absorbing roots of balsamic poplar decreases in comparison with the control. It was revealed that under the conditions of the Sterlitamsk industrial centre, high concentrations of Ni and other metals in soils reduce the supply of Mn to plants. The high content of Ni and other metals in soils under the balsamic poplar stands negatively affects the vital state of trees and leads to a decrease in absorbing roots.

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Quality assessment of urban trees using growth visual and chlorophyll fluorescence indicators

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.1515/eko-2016-0013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 160-172

Author(s):

Peter Uhrin ◽

Ján Supuka

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Human Society ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Physiological Indicators ◽

Living Space ◽

Adaptation Response ◽

The City

AbstractUrbanised landscape represents composed structures of technical and biotic elements where social and economy activities create living space for human society but with strongly changed environment. To dominant characters belong climate changes with increased air temperature, drought and emission load, which has developed wide spectrum of stress factors influencing the urban vegetation. For the assessment of plant growth and adaptation response, we have used Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) as study model woody plant. In the framework of visual characters, we assessed the following indicators: (a) assimilation organs (leaf necrosis); (b) crown quality (degree of foliage and degree of dead tree crown); (c) trunk and branch quality (mechanical damage, incidence of wood destroying fungus and trunk cavities and callus healing of trunk wounds). Each indicator was assessed in five-point scale, and in the end, the common index of quality was calculated. The quality index achieved 9.33 points in the first and 10.33 in the second evaluation periods in the Nitra city and 2.66 at the both assessed periods in the comparable rural park. In the group of physiological indicators, chlorophyll a fluorescence marker and its Fv/Fm parameter were used. Within three repeating assessment during growing season (June, August and September), the average values reached Fv/Fm = 0.814 in the city and Fv/Fm = 0.829 in rural park. The results confirmed statistical significances between loaded city conditions and relatively clean rural locality. Used markers have shown as appropriate tools for growth response measurements of street trees in a changed urban environment.

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The flora of the forest belt with balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) in the vicinity of the city of Ufa

Proceedings of the Saint Petersburg Forestry Research Institute ◽

10.21178/2079-6080.2019.2.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

L.M. Ishbirdina ◽

A.Sh. Timeryanov ◽

G.E. Odintsov

Keyword(s):

Forest Belt ◽

Populus Balsamifera ◽

Balsam Poplar ◽

The City

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The impact of a mega-event on city branding: The European Capital of Culture 2010 and the image of Istanbul

BORDER CROSSING ◽

10.33182/bc.v3i1.524 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 29-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evinç Doğan ◽

Ibrahim Sirkeci

Keyword(s):

Visual Analysis ◽

Place Branding ◽

World City ◽

City Branding ◽

City Image ◽

European Capital Of Culture ◽

National Boundaries ◽

Symbolic Production ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This study examines the ways in which the city image of Istanbul is re-created through the mega-events within the context of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010. Istanbul “took the stage” as one of the three ECoC cities (Essen for the Ruhr in Germany and Pécs in Hungary), where the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators of the events. Organisers and agents of the ECoC 2010 seemed to rebrand Istanbul as a “world city” rather than a “European capital”. With a series of transnational connotations, this can be considered as part of an attempt to turn Istanbul to a global city. In this study we examine posters used during the ECoC 2010 to see whether this was evident in the promoted images of Istanbul. The research employs a hermeneutic approach in which representations, signs and language are the means of symbolic meaning, which is analysed through qualitative methods for the visual data (Visual Analysis Methods), namely Semiotics and Discourse Analysis. The analysed research material comes from a sample of posters released during the ECoC 2010 to promote 549 events throughout the year. Using stratified random sampling we have drawn 28 posters (5% of the total) reflecting the thematic groups of events in the ECoC 2010. Particular attention is also paid to the reflexivity of the researchers and researchers’ embeddedness to the object of research. The symbolic production and visual representation are therefore investigated firstly through the authoritative and historically constituted discourses in the making of Istanbul image and secondly through the orders of cultural consumption and mediatisation of culture through spectacular events. Hence enforcing a transnationalisation of the image of the city where the image appears to be almost stateless transcending the national boundaries. Findings and methodology used in this study can be useful in understanding similar cases and further research into the processes of city and place branding and image relationships.

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Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

Visual Communication ◽

10.1177/14703572211052638 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 147035722110526

Author(s):

Sara Merlino ◽

Lorenza Mondada ◽

Ola Söderström

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Conversation Analysis ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Sensory Experience ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Noisy Environments ◽

Urban Context ◽

Video Recordings ◽

The City ◽

The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

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Identification of post-cesarean surgical site infection: nursing consultation

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (suppl 3) ◽

pp. 1395-1403

Author(s):

Marcia Regina Cunha ◽

Maria Clara Padoveze ◽

Célia Regina Maganha e Melo ◽

Lucia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Service ◽

Health Status ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Medical Records ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Site Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cesarean Deliveries ◽

The City

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the profile of women in relation to their living conditions, health status and socio-demographic profile, correlating it with the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of post-cesarean surgical site infection, identifying information to be considered in the puerperium consultation performed by nurses and proposing a roadmap for the systematization of care. Method: Quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective review of medical records of women who had cesarean deliveries in 2014, in the city of São Paulo. Results: 89 medical records were analyzed, 62 of them with incomplete information. In 11, there was at least one of the signs and symptoms suggestive of infection. Conclusion: Given the results of the study, the systematization of puerperal consultation is essential. The roadmap is an instrument that can potentially improve the quality of service and the recording of information.

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Solar Irradiance Reduction Using Optimized Green Infrastructure in Arid Hot Regions: A Case Study in El-Nozha District, Cairo, Egypt

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13179617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wesam M. Elbardisy ◽

Mohamed A. Salheen ◽

Mohammed Fahmy

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Solar Irradiance ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Heat Island ◽

Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽

Urban Climatology ◽

Urban Heat ◽

The City

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, studies focused on the relationship between urban planning practice and climatology are still lacking, despite the fact that the latter has nearly three decades of literature in the region and the former has much more. However, such an unfounded relationship that would consider urban sustainability measures is a serious challenge, especially considering the effects of climate change. The Greater Cairo Region (GCR) has recently witnessed numerous serious urban vehicular network re-development, leaving the city less green and in need of strategically re-thinking the plan regarding, and the role of, green infrastructure. Therefore, this study focuses on approaches to the optimization of the urban green infrastructure, in order to reduce solar irradiance in the city and, thus, its effects on the urban climatology. This is carried out by studying one of the East Cairo neighborhoods, named El-Nozha district, as a representative case of the most impacted neighborhoods. In an attempt to quantify these effects, using parametric simulation, the Air Temperature (Ta), Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), Relative Humidity (RH), and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) parameters were calculated before and after introducing urban trees, acting as green infrastructure types that mitigate climate change and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Our results indicate that an optimized percentage, spacing, location, and arrangement of urban tree canopies can reduce the irradiance flux at the ground surface, having positive implications in terms of mitigating the urban heat island effect.

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Consideration of land use in the evaluation of erosive processes in gully erosion

Revista Eletrônica em Gestão Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental ◽

10.5902/2236117062702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. e25

Author(s):

Tamara Vieira Pascoto ◽

Simone Andrea Furegatti ◽

Anna Silvia Palcheco Peixoto

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Aerial Images ◽

Aerial Photos ◽

City Hall ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Main Factors ◽

The City ◽

Erosive Feature

There are several factors that directly or indirectly influence erosion processes. In order to properly understand the behavior of these processes, some factors need to be analyzed together. Determining them wrongly can compromise the study resulting in wrong actions. For this reason, methodologies are always sought to measure them quantitatively and qualitatively in the most accurate possible way. Land use is one of the main factors liable to inaccuracies in its determination. To use this parameter in mapping erosive processes, researchers need to delimit it, classify it, and measure it. In order to better understand the complexity of considering this parameter, the present study analyzed an erosive feature that, although stabilized, has a component in constant development. Initially, a visual analysis indicated the same classification of land use for both conditions, despite having different behaviors, leading to the need for a detailed analysis. Such analysis comprised a historical survey through aerial photos and interviews with residents and employees of the city hall about the evolution of the feature from 2008 to 2019. It also included the analysis of other influencing factors that could be responsible for this difference in behavior in the area. Two different traces of the contribution areas of the gully and branch were also considered. One considering only aerial images, and the other considering the knowledge acquired during the research about the evolution of the feature. It was concluded, then, that an analysis of the use-only occupation factor based on aerial images can accentuate the inaccuracy of the measurement of this factor.

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