scholarly journals Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Are Detectable in Saliva

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-134
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ketas ◽  
Devidas Chaturbhuj ◽  
Victor M. Cruz Portillo ◽  
Erik Francomano ◽  
Encouse Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Iga Antibodies

The approved Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are well known to induce serum antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-protein. However, their abilities to elicit mucosal immune responses have not been reported. Saliva antibodies represent mucosal responses that may be relevant to how mRNA vaccines prevent oral and nasal SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we describe the outcome of a cross-sectional study on a healthcare worker cohort (WELCOME-NYPH), in which we assessed whether IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to the S-protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were present in serum and saliva samples. Anti-S-protein IgG was detected in 14/31 and 66/66 of saliva samples from uninfected participants after vaccine doses-1 and -2, respectively. IgA antibodies to the S-protein were present in 40/66 saliva samples after dose 2. Anti-S-protein IgG was present in every serum sample from recipients of 2 vaccine doses. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the RBD were also frequently present in saliva and sera. These findings may help our understanding of whether and how vaccines may impede SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including to oral cavity target cells.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 rapidly adapts in aged BALB/c mice and induces typical pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhang ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Fei Deng ◽  
Wenxiao Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Young Mice

Age is a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated morbidity and mortality in humans; hence, in this study, we compared the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and aged BALB/c mice. We found that SARS-CoV-2 isolates replicated in the respiratory tracts of 12-month-old (aged) mice and caused pathological features of pneumonia upon intranasal infection. In contrast, rapid viral clearance was observed 5 days following infection in 2-month-old (young) mice with no evidence of pathological changes in the lungs. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 elicited significantly upregulated production of cytokines, especially interleukin 6 and interferon gamma, in aged mice; whereas this response was much weaker in young mice. Subsequent challenge of infected aged BALB/c mice with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in neutralized antibody responses, a significantly reduced viral burden in the lungs, and inflammation mitigation. Deep sequencing showed a panel of mutations potentially associated with the enhanced infection in aged BALB/c mice, such as the Q498H mutations which are located at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. We further found that the isolates can not only multiply in the respiratory tract of mice but also cause disease in aged mice. Overall, viral replication and rapid adaption in aged BALB/c mice were associated with pneumonia, confirming that the age-related susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in mice resembled that in humans. Importance Aged BALB/c model are in use as a model of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Our research demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly adapt in aged BALB/c mice through causing mutations at the RBD of the S protein. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2-infected aged BALB/c mice indicated that alveolar damage, interstitial pneumonia, and inflammatory immune responses were similar to the clinical manifestations of human infections. Therefore, our aged BALB/c challenge model will be useful for further understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and for testing vaccines and antiviral agents.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Post-Coronavac Vaccination in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Carlos David Araújo Bichara ◽  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Gergiane Lopes Vaz ◽  
Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The present study evaluated the frequency of seropositivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S1 and S2) total antibodies and anti-SARS-CoV-2 (receptor binding domain-RBD-S1) neutralizing antibodies in individuals vaccinated with the immunizing agent Coronavac. This was a cross-sectional study involving 358 individuals divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 205 volunteers who were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies; group 2 consisted of 153 individuals tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Seropositivity was greater than 70% in both groups, although 17.6% and 20.9% of individuals showed no neutralizing or total antibody reactivity, respectively. The frequency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies displayed a significantly different distribution between the sexes but not according to age. The frequency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies was 93.3% (95% CI 68.1–99.8) in the age group from 21 to 40 years but significantly decreased with advancing age, and was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8–91.8) for 41 to 60 years, 72.5% (95% CI 62.8–80.9) for 61 to 80 years, and 46.7% (95% CI 21.3–73.4) for >80 years. Our results reveal a high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies and anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in individuals who received both doses of the Coronavac vaccine, suggesting a lower effectiveness of the humoral immune response among those older than 60 years of age, which might be associated with senescence of the immune system.

scholarly journals Fetal and maternal immune responses to methylmercury exposure: A cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer F. Nyland ◽  
Susie B. Wang ◽  
Devon L. Shirley ◽  
Elisabeth O. Santos ◽  
Ana Maria Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methylmercury Exposure

scholarly journals The negative correlation between testosterone levels and age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3431
Author(s):  
Mauritius Lambertus Edy Parwanto
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Testosterone levels in the circulation determined by production and secretion by Leydig cell in the testes. The action mechanism of testosterone to target cells mediated by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The levels of testosterone and SHBG in circulation determine men's health. The objective in this study to know the relationship between testosterone, SHBG and insulin with age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 250 healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia. Consecutive sampling was done in this study. Testosterone, SHBG and insulin in the serum were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Glucose, triglycerides and albumin were measured using a spectrophotometer. Regression analysis was done to know the correlation between testosterone, SHBG and insulin with age.Results: The levels of TT, free testosterone (FT), SHBG and percentage of free testosterone (%FT) in healthy Indonesian men were negatively correlated with age (p<0.05). Free testosterone index (FTI) and insulin are not correlated with age (p>0.05). The levels of SHBG, FT, %FT and FTI were correlated positively with TT (p<0.05), but insulin did not correlate with TT (p>0.05). The %FT and FTI were positively correlated with FT (p<0.05), but SHBG and insulin levels did not correlate with FT (p>0.05). SHBG levels are not correlated with insulin (p>0.05). The rate of decline in TT levels in this study 9.8% per decade, while in SHBG levels 8.19% per decade.Conclusions: The levels of TT, FT, % FT and SHBG in this study were negatively correlated with age, but the FTI and insulin did not correlate with age. The rate of decline in TT levels in this study 9.8% per decade, while in SHBG levels 8.19% per decade.

scholarly journals 2310. No Recurrence in Recovered People with CCHF: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey, Preliminary Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S792-S792
Author(s):  
Iftihar Koksal ◽  
Firdevs Aksoy ◽  
Selcuk Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Tas ◽  
Gurdal Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread, tick-borne disease of humans. CCHF is an endemic in Turkey, and since 2004 many cases have been reported from different regions in the country. CCHF infection in humans can lead to antibody responses that can be protective but there is limited data about the immunity of CCHF. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of recurrence of CCHF in people who previously had this disease. Methods The patients who were diagnosed with CCHF between 2005 and 2018 were followed up and contacted via phone in order to answer several survey questions about CCHF. Patients who still live in the same places, who have high risks of disease transmission because of husbandry or farming and high potential of contact with ticks were included in this study. Those who changed their living place and stopped husbandry or farming were excluded from this study. The questions in the survey are the following: Have you had CCHF after your discharge from the hospital?; Has there been any tick contact?; Did you ever get a tick removed from your body? Did you or your family members have CCHF at the same time or at different periods of time? Has anyone had CCHF in the area you live? Do your animals have ticks? Do you live in the same place? Have you changed your job? Results Ninety-nine out of 351 patients who were contacted via phone had data eligible to be included in the criteria. The amount of time elapsed after the discharge of the patients was between 1 and 14 years in average. None of the patients had experienced CCHF disease again. Also, 6 of these patients were bitten by ticks repeatedly (2–5 times). An average of 7–10 years had passed since the transmission of the disease by the patients. Conclusion The results show that the CCHF disease creates an immune response and this response continues for a long time. The findings will be more enlightening with the measurement of the serum antibody levels of patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document