scholarly journals Ecotheology Islam: Teologi Konstruktif Atasi Krisis Lingkungan

ULUMUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-346
Author(s):  
Abdul Quddus

The earth inhabited by human now is facing global environmental crisis. To respond to and tackle the crisis, a new awareness to explore the principles of religion has emerged today, which was then called ecotheology, an integral environmental insight based on ethical-theological as well as ethical-anthropological dimensions. This paper is aimed at, on the one hand, exposing principles of Islamic ecotheology that are able to be guiding principles in managing the nature, and on the other hand, comparing them with the principles of modern environmental ethics of the environmentalist/ eco-thinkers. The author argues that there are three principles of Islamic ecotheology that are relevant as the basis of ethical management of nature now days, namely the principle of tawḥid (unity of all creation), the principle of āmanah-khalīfah (trustworthiness-moral leadership), and ākhirah (responsibility).  

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Adeniyi Fasoro

AbstractThe trend toward the concept of humanity in political theory has arisen largely as a reaction against the mistreatment of vulnerable people such as immigrants. The issue of immigrants’ vulnerability has led political thinkers to ponder on how to apply the principle of humanity to the question of the treatment of immigrants. I would like to address this matter by examining two questions: what is humanity, is it a value property, or a virtue? Does it really matter if the means by which an immigrant immigrates is demeaning to his own humanity as a person? The most common or intuitive reply to these questions would probably be: ‘humanity’ is simply a value-bestowing property, so regardless of immigrants’ actions they are owed respectful treatment. The aim of this paper is to emphasise instead that ‘humanity’ should be conceived as a virtue of actual commitment to act on moral principles. I explore three different meanings of humanity. First, I discuss ‘humanity’ as the common ownership of the earth. Second, I discuss ‘humanity’ as a value property. Third, I discuss humanity as a virtue of acting, on the one hand, with humanity, and on the other hand, on moral principles.


Geophysics ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1045
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Limón

In order to obtain the best possible seismic field record, it is indispensible on the one hand to know the response of the earth to the explosion, and on the other hand to operate the seismograph equipment with suitable settings.


2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert J. Steyn

The purpose of this contribution is to present a general survey of darkness as power in the New Testament. It is generally accepted that darkness functions on a symbolic-metaphorical level on the one hand and on a literal level on the other hand. The former receives attention in this study where darkness is almost exclusively connected with the domain of power of the evil. The issue of darkness is investigated from four dimensions (1) as an opposing power to light in a dualistic worldview, (2) as a ruling power with a grip on death and the grave, (3) as a power of the evil and the struggle for liberation and (4) as a symbol and instrument of judgement of God in an apocalyptic worldview, with darkness eventually becoming the condemned. It is concluded that there seems to be at least two New Testament perceptions regarding the position of darkness as power: The domain of evil’s darkness is located in the ‘underworld’, but gradually this view changed to also include a space in the layers of heaven above the earth. Earthlings found themselves in the midst of the struggle between Belial and Christ – the latter who finally conquers the power of darkness and now rules above the dark forces of evil.


2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lee Grenfell ◽  
Barbara Stracke ◽  
Beate Patzer ◽  
Ruth Titz ◽  
Heike Rauer

We propose that the photochemical smog mechanism produced substantial ozone (O3) in the troposphere during the Proterozoic period, which contributed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation shielding, and hence favoured the establishment of life. The smog mechanism is well established and is associated with pollution hazes that sometimes cover modern cities. The mechanism proceeds via the oxidation of volatile organic compounds such as methane (CH4) in the presence of UV radiation and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It would have been particularly favoured during the Proterozoic period given the high levels of CH4 (up to 1000 ppm) recently suggested. Proterozoic UV levels on the surface of the Earth were generally higher compared with today, which would also have favoured the mechanism. On the other hand, Proterozoic O2 required in the final step of the smog mechanism to form O3 was less abundant compared with present times. Furthermore, results are sensitive to Proterozoic NOx concentrations, which are challenging to predict, since they depend on uncertain quantities such as NOx source emissions and OH concentrations. We review NOx sources during the Proterozoic period and apply a photochemical box model having methane oxidation with NOx, HOx and Ox chemistry to estimate the O3 production from the smog mechanism. Runs suggest the smog mechanism during the Proterozoic period can produce approximately double the present-day ozone columns for NOx levels of 1.53×10−9 by volume mixing ratio, which was attainable according to our NOx source analysis, with 1% of the present atmospheric levels of O2. Clearly, forming ozone in the troposphere is a trade-off for survivability – on the one hand, harmful UV radiation is blocked, but on the other hand ozone is a respiratory irratant, which becomes fatal at concentrations exceeding about 1 ppmv.


Author(s):  
Sadhna Chauhan

The relation of human life and nature has been unbroken with the creation of the earth, human has consumed everything obtained from nature for his livelihood and entertainment, on the one hand he receives food, shelter and clothes from nature and on the other hand nature Seeing the scenes and portraying them by the artists is an incredible feeling of peace. Nature, river, trees, plants, mountains and animal birds are all depicted in the paintings painted by the artists first and the color, Tulika, the material that is helpful in drawing them, is also derived from nature. The artists first used colors from nature in their artwork. In tribal folk art, natural colors have been used in Mandana, Phad, Alpana, Madhubani etc. These colors are sometimes made with stones, flowers and leaves. The nature of the forms that we are attracted to and which gives us joy, is not just a replica of the art, but the art forms have been created by being influenced and transformed by the basis of those forms. We rejoice which has no meaning. Only his visceral figure leaves his mark. But the desire for analogy and meaning in some form remains in the picture. The waterfalls, the river, the sea attracts the frequency of the lines in the thick stem of the stem. ' मानव जीवन और प्रकृति का संबध पृथ्वी की रचना के साथ अटूट रहा है, मानव ने प्रकृति से प्राप्त सभी चीजों का उपभोग अपने जीवनयापन और मनोरंजन के लिये किया है, एक ओर उसे प्रकृति से भोजन, आवास और वस्त्र प्राप्त होता है तो दूसरी ओर प्रकृति के दृश्यों को देखकर और कलाकारों के द्वारा चित्रित कर शान्ति की अदभूत अनुभूति होती है। सर्वप्रथम कलाकारों द्वारा जो चित्र चित्रित किये गये उनमें प्रकृति चित्रण नदी, पेड़, पौधे, पर्वत और पशु पक्षी सभी चित्रित किये गये तथा इन्हें चित्रित करने में सहायक सामग्री रंग, तुलिका वह भी प्रकृति से प्राप्त होती है। सर्वप्रथम कलाकारों ने प्रकृति से प्राप्त रंगों का उपयोग अपनी कलाकृति में किया। आदिवासी लोक कला में माण्डना, फड़, अल्पना, मधुबनी आदि में प्राकृतिक रंगों का उपयोग किया गया है। ये रंग कभी कभी पत्थरों , फूलों तथा पत्त्यिों से बनाए जाते है। प्रकृतिमें जिन रूपों की ओर हम आकर्षित होते है तथा जो हमें आनन्द प्रदान करते है, उनकी प्रतिकृति मात्र कला नहीं है उन रूपों का आधार लेकर उनसे प्रभावित होकर तथा उनका रूपांतरण करके कलाकृतियों का निर्माण होता रहा है।‘प्रकृति में अनेक ऐसी आकृतियांे को देखकर हम आनन्दित होते है जिनका कोई अर्थ नहीं होता है। केवल उनकी चाक्षुष आकृति अपनी छाप छोड़ती है। किन्तु चित्र में किसी रूप में सादृश्य की तथा अर्थ की इच्छा बनी रहती है। झरने, नदी, समुद्र में मोटे तने के काठ में रेखाओं की आवृत्ति आकर्षित करती है।‘


2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Helberg ◽  
Chris Van der Walt

Deuteronomium getuig van God se besondere liefde soos Hy dit in verband met die Beloofde Land aan Israel betoon het. Sy bevoorregting van Israel asook sy betrokkenheid by geweld roep egter baie vrae en bespreking op. Twee aspekte wat nie in die besprekings daarvan werklik aandag kry nie, word in hierdie artikel ondersoek: enersyds die verantwoordelikheid en/of skuld van die menslike partye en andersyds dié van God. Die bevindinge is: (1) Nie die nasies of Israel kan God verwyt nie, want die nasies tree self gewelddadig en eksploiterend teenoor mekaar op. Mense bewoon die aarde ten koste van ander mense en ook ten koste van die aardeself. Hulle tree hardnekkig en opstandig op teen die Wet en die wil van God wat die beste vir hulle bedoel. Tog is God in beheer van alles wat gebeur, Hy is onbegryplik en sonder blaam, selfs wanneer Hy in en deur die sondige werklikheid optree. (2) Deuteronomium praat van God se krasse geweld én oorweldigende liefde en verkondig dat Hy die verantwoordelikheid en skuld van die sondige, opstandige mensdom op Hom neem. Hierop gee die Dienaarliedere van Jesaja nog duideliker lig. God moet veral teen hierdie positiewe getuienis waardeer word. Dit is Hy wat aan die werk is en daarom moet die situasie vanuit die oogpunt soos Hy Homself bekend maak, beoordeel word.God, violence, and land in Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy attests of God’s exceptional love as proven to Israel in connection with the Promised Land. However, his preferential treatment of Israel and his involvement in violence invokes many questions and much debate. This article investigates two aspects, which do not really receive attention in the debate: on the one hand, human responsibility and guilt, and on the other hand that of God. The findings are: (1) Neither the nations nor Israel can reproach God, for they themselves act violently and exploitingly. They inhabit the earth at the expense of others and of the earth itself. They act obstinately toward the Law and the will of God, who has the best in mind for them. Even so,God is without blame, incomprehensibly in control of all that happens, even when he acts in and through the use of the sinful reality. (2) Deuteronomy testifies about God’s severe violence ánd overpowering love. It is implicitly stated that God takes the responsibility and blame of sinful and rebellious humanity upon himself. The servant songs of Isaiah shed even more light on this issue. God must especially be appreciated by these positive testimonies and with complete trust in his unfathomable power and grace.


2014 ◽  
pp. 23-62
Author(s):  
Livio Rossetti

The present paper argues that the teachings of Anaximander are much better knowable than they actually appear, since a number of his teachings have the privilege of being almost transparent in their predicative content as well as in their logic. As a matter of fact, one can quite easily come to understand the train of thought which lies behind Anaximander’s most momentous conjectures. Thus, a largely unexpected Anaximander comes to light despite the availability of the majority of the relevant sources since 1903. Two main areas appear to be particularly prominent: on the one hand, the complex body of various conjectures and doctrines that helps to understand the system of spatial relationships from Miletus to the stars and, on the other hand, the equally complex body of conjectures and doctrines whose primarily concern is the macro-story of the Earth from its most remote past to its predictable future. The merits of Anaximander as an earth-researcher are much greater than one could actually imagine. It is suggested here that what philosophy owes to him in particular lies in his quest for knowledge, his method, his cognitive hybris, and his intellectual discipline, rather than individual doctrines. A comparison with Thales follows in the last paragraph.


2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bianchini

Although James Mill considered production and education to be two objectives of global welfare, he claimed that the former was not always consistent with the latter. On the one hand, production is necessary to provide humankind with the means of subsistence; on the other hand, if individuals allocate all their time to labor to the detriment of their own education, “neither intellect, virtue nor happiness can flourish upon the earth” (Mill [1819] 1825, p. 30). Mill argued that this problem might be solved by finding what he called “the precious middle point.” This point deserves special consideration: it acknowledges that there is a way in which education and production might be distributed in society in order to promote the greatest global welfare. The aim of this paper is to explain the relation between production and education through the working of the precious middle point.


1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.


Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.


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