scholarly journals Air pollution study in Macedonia using a moss biomonitoring technique, ICP-AES and AAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambe Barandovski ◽  
Trajce Stafilov ◽  
Robert Sajn ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva ◽  
Katerina Baceva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Moss Biomonitoring ◽  
The Republic

In the framework of the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE-ICP Vegetation) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), in 2002 and 2005, a moss biomonitoring technique was applied to air pollution studies in the Republic of Macedonia. The third moss survey took place in August and September 2010 when 72 samples of the terrestrial mosses Homalothecium lutescens and Hypnum cupressiforme were collected over the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, using the same sampling network grid as for the previous surveys. Using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), a total of 18 elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were determined. To reveal hidden multivariate data structures and to identify and characterize different pollution sources, Principal Component Analysis was used. Distributional maps were prepared to point out the regions most affected by pollution and related to known sources of contamination. As in the previous surveys, the regions near the towns of Skopje, Veles, Tetovo, Radoviš and Kavadarci were found to be most affected by pollution, even though the median elemental content in the mosses in 2010 for  Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was slightly lower than in the previous surveys. For the first time, P content in the moss samples was analyzed, and a higher content of this element as well as K in the mosses was observed in the agricultural regions of the country.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in North Macedonia from 2002 to 2010 Studied by Moss Biomonitoring Technique

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambe Barandovski ◽  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva ◽  
Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Moss Biomonitoring

Moss biomonitoring technique was used for a heavy-metal pollution study in Macedonia in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (UNECE IPC Vegetation). Moss samples (n = 72) were collected during the summers of 2002, 2005, and 2010. The contents of 41 elements were determined by neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Using factor and cluster analyses, three geogenic factors were determined (Factor 1, including Al, As, Co, Cs, Fe, Hf, Na, Rb, Sc, Ta, Th, Ti, U, V, Zr, and rare-earth elements–RE; Factor 4 with Ba, K, and Sr; and Factor 5 with Br and I), one anthropogenic factor (Factor 2, including Cd, Pb, Sb, and Zn), and one geogenic-anthropogenic factor (Factor 3, including Cr and Ni). The highest anthropogenic impact of heavy metal to the air pollution in the country was from the ferronickel smelter near Kavadraci (Ni and Cr), the lead and zinc mines in the vicinity of Makedonska Kamenica, Probištip, and Kriva Palanka in the eastern part of the country (Cd, Pb, and Zn), and the former lead and zinc smelter plant in Veles. Beside the anthropogenic influences, the lithology and the composition of the soil also play an important role in the distribution of the elements.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trajče Stafilov Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
The Republic

An overview to the results from the application of various spectrometric (atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS; inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES; and inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) and radioanalytical (neutron activation analysis, NAA) techniques in environmental pollution studies in the Republic of Macedonia are presented. The results from the surveys of the pollution with heavy metals of soil, air and food are reported. The pollution with heavy metals in the particular regions was additionally investi-gated using moss, lichens, attic dust, soil, water and sediment samples. The results from the study of the pollution in the cities of Veles (lead and zinc smelter plant), Kavadarci (ferronickel smelter plant), Radoviš (copper mine and flo-tation), Probištip, Makedonska Kamenica and Kriva Palanka (lead and zinc mines and flotation plants) and Bitola and Kičevo (thermoelectric power plants) are presented.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SOIL FROM CRN DRIM RIVER BASIN, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Ivana Mickovska
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Anthropogenic Element

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of chemical elements in topsoil and subsoil, focusing on the identification of natural and anthropogenic element sources in the area of the Crn Drim River Basin, Republic of Macedonia. For that purpose, by using sampling network of 5 × 5 km, 124 soil samples from 62 locations (topsoil and bottom soil) were collected. In total 60 elements were analysed, from which 18 elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, V и Zn) were analysed by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and an additional 42 elements were analysed by ICP - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the obtained data. Factor analysis applied to the ICP-AES results produced four geogenic fac-tors: F1 (Ba and K); F2 (Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), F3 (Cr, Fe, Na, Ni and V) and F4 (Al, Ca, Mg and Mn). Data ob-tained from the distribution maps and data analysis on soil samples, indicate the natural occurrence of the analysed ele-ments as well as low concentrations of heavy metals in the studied area.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals and arsenic in soils near Sharra landfill (Tirana, Albania)

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Natalia Chernykh ◽  
Yulia Baeva ◽  
Anamaria Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the degree of pollution of subtropical brown soils with a number of heavy metals (V, Mo, Co) and arsenic in the zone of influence of solid municipal waste landfill “Sharra”. The landfill is located about 7 km southwest of the center of Tirana. Until the early 1990s it was used mainly for the disposal of industrial waste, subsequently it became an uncontrolled open dump and is now the dumping area for all waste of the capital city of the Republic of Albania. Total metal and As contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in samples from 14 sites at different distances from the landfill body. Concentrations of V - in 1.2-1.3 times, Mo - more than in 2.2-4.4 times, Co - in 1.2-1.5 times and As - more than in 3.4 times were exceeded background concentration. It was also revealed 1.7 times higher than the established normative value for As in soils. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the negative impact of the Sharra landfill on the adjacent territories.

scholarly journals Epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia caperata as a sentinel for trace metal pollution

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Mitrovic ◽  
Slavisa Stamenkovic ◽  
Vladimir Cvetkovic ◽  
Milos Nikolic ◽  
Rada Baosic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Trace Metal Pollution ◽  
Flavoparmelia Caperata

Widely spread lichen specie Flavoparmelia caperata is used in a biomonitoring study for atmospheric trace metal pollution in natural ecosystems in Southeastern Serbia. The concentration and distribution pattern of 21 metals in lichens were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The difference observed between metal deposition in peripheral and central parts of lichen thalli reflected air quality changes in the last and previous years. These findings were confirmed with principal component analysis. Our study demonstrated the accumulation of Ba, K, Mg, Na, Tl and Zn in peripheral parts of thalli, while As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Li, Ni, Pb and Se were concentrated in central parts of thalli.

Low-Temperature Decomposition of Botanical and Biological Samples for Multielement Analysis by High-Frequency Induced Oxygen–Argon–Fluorine Plasma

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph T White ◽  
Christopher W Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Cool Plasma

Abstract The cool plasma asher (CPA) consists of a high-frequency generator and a quartz sample vessel equipped with a cooling finger that prevents loss of volatile elements. After sample decomposition within an O2–Ar–F plasma, the ashing residues and the elements condensed on the surface of the vessel or cooling finger are dissolved by refluxing in 1–5 mL of double-distilled acid. The sample solutions are analyzed for elemental content by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). The recovery values for 42 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, V, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, La, Au, and Sc) are documented after cool plasma ashing of elemental spectrometric standards. In addition, NIST Standard Reference Materials consisting of botanical and biological samples are ashed by CPA, and results are reported for 23 elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) analyzed by ICP-AES. This method achieves good recoveries for many elements while allowing decomposition of difficult sample matrixes without acid, at a temperature slightly above 100°C. We investigated several ashing facilitators to improve ashing efficiency. This paper describes improved ashing conditions due to sample agitation, gas mixtures, Teflon balls, and a Teflon vessel. The time required to ash 1.0 g of botanical sample in the CPA was reduced from 80 h with no ashing aids to 3 h with maximum ashing aids. The optimum plasma ashing conditions for 1.0 g of sample was 6 h at a high-frequency power of 30 W with a 1 h acid reflux to dissolve sample ash. Because reflux acid in the final sample volume was minimal, trace elemerits were concentrated and blank contamination was extremely low.

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