scholarly journals Friction mechanism of polymers and their composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Bogoeva-Gaceva ◽  
Dimko Dimeski ◽  
Vineta Srebrenkoska
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Friction Mechanism ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Tribological Parameters ◽  
Adhesion Friction

This paper provides a brief review of the tribological properties of polymers and polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and the relevant mechanisms of friction and wear. The influence of both molecular and mechanical components on friction involving polymers as well as the influence of fillers, reinforcements and dry lubricants on the overall tribological characteristics of PMCs is evaluated. Tribological parameters include surface roughness, the mechanism of adhesion, friction and wear, and chemical interactions with dry lubricants (if present). The article reviews the main factors that influence the wear and frictional characteristics of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, short fiber reinforced composites and high-performance unidirectional composites. Examples of quantitative data of different pairs of polymers and PMCs with the counterface are presented.

High Performance Composites Using Nanotechnology

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bauer ◽  
O. Kahle ◽  
S. Landeck ◽  
C. Uhlig ◽  
R. Wurzel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Lightweight design, using high performance composites, which directly yields a reduced need for fuel is in the focus of new developments for traffic engineering. The increased substitution of traditional, metal based materials by fibre-reinforced composites in the aviation industry exemplifies this trend. In addition to mechanical properties, e.g. an increase in strength, that leads to direct weight savings, or improved dynamical performance, which translates into longer maintenance intervals, i.e. longer service-life. In the field of fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites possible contributions from nanotechnology are currently reviewed. The modification of the matrix by introducing a “nanophase” has attracted most attention up-to-date. Additional approaches include modification of traditional reinforcements, as well as the development of new reinforcing materials. Desired improvements include mechanical properties, interlaminar shear strength, reinforcement in z-direction, fiber-matrix adhesion, and obtaining new functionalities. Starting from a summary of the most important effects of nano-modifiers in polymeric matrices, the presentation will review published results on the modification of thermoset matrix fiber-reinforced composites by using nanotechnology, as well as some of our own work in that field. Furthermore, applications of such modified composites in component parts are discussed.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Self-Healing Epoxies in Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) for Aerospace Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Stefano Paolillo ◽  
Ranjita K. Bose ◽  
Marianella Hernández Santana ◽  
Antonio M. Grande
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
General Description ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Healing Efficiency

This article reviews some of the intrinsic self-healing epoxy materials that have been investigated throughout the course of the last twenty years. Emphasis is placed on those formulations suitable for the design of high-performance composites to be employed in the aerospace field. A brief introduction is given on the advantages of intrinsic self-healing polymers over extrinsic counterparts and of epoxies over other thermosetting systems. After a general description of the testing procedures adopted for the evaluation of the healing efficiency and the required features for a smooth implementation of such materials in the industry, different self-healing mechanisms, arising from either physical or chemical interactions, are detailed. The presented formulations are critically reviewed, comparing major strengths and weaknesses of their healing mechanisms, underlining the inherent structural polymer properties that may affect the healing phenomena. As many self-healing chemistries already provide the fundamental aspects for recyclability and reprocessability of thermosets, which have been historically thought as a critical issue, perspective trends of a circular economy for self-healing polymers are discussed along with their possible advances and challenges. This may open up the opportunity for a totally reconfigured landscape in composite manufacturing, with the net benefits of overall cost reduction and less waste. Some general drawbacks are also laid out along with some potential countermeasures to overcome or limit their impact. Finally, present and future applications in the aviation and space fields are portrayed.

Optical Microscopy of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Hayes ◽  
Luther M. Gammon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Optical Microscopy of Fiber-Reinforced Composites discusses the tools and techniques used to examine the microstructure of engineered composites and provides insights that can help improve the quality and performance of parts made from them. It begins with a review of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites and their unique microstructure and morphology. It then explains how to prepare and mount test samples, how to assess lighting, illumination, and contrast needs, and how to use reagents to bring out different phases and areas of interest. It also presents the results of several studies that have been conducted using optical microscopy to gain a better understanding of processing effects, toughening approaches, defects and damage mechanisms, and structural variations. The book includes more than 180 full-color images along with clear and concise explanations of what they reveal about composite materials and processing methods. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-1-61503-044-6, follow this link.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Composites for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuhe Zhu ◽  
Susan Liao ◽  
Jiajia Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

This review paper reported carbon nanotubes reinforced composites for biomedical applications. Several studies have found enhancement in the mechanical properties of CNTs-based reinforced composites by the addition of CNTs. CNTs reinforced composites have been intensively investigated for many aspects of life, especially being made for biomedical applications. The review introduced fabrication of CNTs reinforced composites (CNTs reinforced metal matrix composites, CNTs reinforced polymer matrix composites, and CNTs reinforced ceramic matrix composites), their mechanical properties, cell experimentsin vitro, and biocompatibility testsin vivo.

scholarly journals Fracture Toughness of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Metal- and Ceramic-Matrix Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
K. C. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Soft Matrix ◽  
Bond Density ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Toughness Enhancement

Hierarchical analysis of the fracture toughness enhancement of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) reinforced hard matrix composites is carried out on the basis of shear-lag theory and facture mechanics. It is found that stronger CNT/matrix interfaces cannot definitely lead to the better fracture toughness of these composites, and the optimal interfacial chemical bond density is that making the failure mode just in the transition from CNT pull-out to CNT break. For hard matrix composites, the fracture toughness of composites with weak interfaces can be improved effectively by increasing the CNT length. However, for soft matrix composite, the fracture toughness improvement due to the reinforcing CNTs quickly becomes saturated with an increase in CNT length. The proposed theoretical model is also applicable to short fiber-reinforced composites.

Structural Self-Diagnosis for Damage in Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Composites

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Ngabonziza ◽  
Hale Ergun ◽  
Regina Kuznetsova ◽  
Jackie Li ◽  
Benjamin Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Double Cantilever Beam ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Composite structural self-diagnostic (CSSD) technology has been tested to detect the mechanical damages in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer-matrix composites. In order to characterize the self-sensing technique for damage detection, discrete electrodes were mounted on Double-Cantilever-Beam (DCB). Results on mechanical properties with corresponding electrical resistance changes of the CFRC specimens are presented in this paper. The lay-up configuration of the composite specimens is [06/Teflon/06]T. In addition, acoustic emission was also used to corroborate the CSSD results.

Friction and Wear of a Polymer-Matrix Reinforced With Nanocrystalline Alloy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Iglesias ◽  
M. D. Bermu´dez ◽  
S. Chandrasekar ◽  
W. D. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Nanocrystalline Alloy ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Nanocrystalline Metal ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Pin On Disk

The tribological behavior of a polymer-matrix composite containing discontinuous nanocrystalline alloy reinforcements is studied using a model system composed of a bakelite matrix reinforced with unitary Al6061 nanostructures. Chip formation by machining is used to produce the unitary nanostructures with grain size in the range of 50–200 nm. The hardness and strength of the unitary nanostructures are seen to be substantially greater than those of micro-crystalline Al 6061. Polymer-matrix composites containing these nanocrystalline metal reinforcements in a bakelite matrix are prepared using standard polymer processing routes. The friction and wear characteristics of the composites are studied using block-on-cylinder and pin-on-disk configurations. The wear performance of the nanocrystalline, metal-reinforced polymer is compared with that of the unfilled polymer and also with that of the polymer reinforced with microcrystalline alloy reinforcements, and shown to be superior.

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