scholarly journals Facing Alzheimer’s disease in the developing countries.

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante J. Marciani
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
America Latina

Aunque el incremento de casos de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en los países desarrollados será limitado, en los países en desarrollo de América Latina, Asia y África será en el año 2050 tres veces el de los países desarrollados. Que ciertas correlaciones entre la EA y factores de riesgo válidas para los países desarrollados no son tan categóricas cuando se aplican a los países en desarrollo, sugiere diferencias en el desarrollo de fármacos para esta enfermedad. Es improbable que, debido al costo de las medicinas de los países industrializados, el tratamiento de la EA sea una prioridad en los países subdesarrollados; por lo tanto, una estrategia más efectiva sería el prevenir o retrasar esta enfermedad. De las opciones, la vacuna contra la EA es la más favorable a pesar de que todos los intentos para producirla han fracasado, resultado de productos desarrollados usando información insuficiente; lo que ha fomentado una opinión negativa de esta vacuna en los círculos científicos. Sin embargo, la información disponible revela que los antígenos de esas vacunas posiblemente indujeron una inmunidad perjudicial y que la respuesta inflamatoria estimulada por varias de esas vacunas agravó el inicio de EA. Además, debido al daño irreversible causado por la EA y la inmunosenescencia, es poco probable que las vacunas terapéuticas tengan valor práctico en el tratamiento de la EA en estado avanzado. Sin embargo, esta información provee bases sólidas para diseñar nuevas vacunas para prevenir o retardar esta enfermedad; información que ha sido ignorada y las vacunas para prevenir la EA, de hecho descartadas. No obstante, ahora hay un mejor conocimiento de los inmunógenos necesarios para inducir una inmunidad protectora y de los adyuvantes requeridos para estimular la producción de anticuerpos protectores e inhibir la inmunidad inflamatoria perjudicial. Considerando las opciones limitadas que tienen los países en desarrollo para controlar la epidemia de EA, sería razonable si estos países colaboraran y usaran los conocimientos disponibles para desarrollar vacunas para prevenir/retrasar la EA. Un avance que produciría beneficios médicos y económicos para América Latina y otras regiones del mundo.

scholarly journals Primary Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Rao Kavoor ◽  
Sayantanava Mitra ◽  
Tathagata Mahintamani ◽  
Seshadri Sekhar Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention

scholarly journals Overcoming barriers in cognitive assessment of Alzheimer's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Alfredo Parra
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a reliable neuropsychological assessment, but major barriers are still encountered when such tests are used across cultures and during the lifespan. This is particularly problematic in developing countries where most of the available assessment tools have been adapted from developed countries. This represents a major limitation as these tests, although properly translated, may not embody the wealth of challenges that a particular culture poses on cognition. This paper centers on two shortcomings of available cognitive tests for AD, namely, their sensitivity to the educational background and to the age of the individual assessed.

Prevalence of dementia and dementia subtypes among community-dwelling elderly people in northern Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem J. Yusuf ◽  
Olusegun Baiyewu ◽  
Taiwo L. Sheikh ◽  
Adamu U. Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Screening Interview ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground: Dementia has important public health implications. The magnitude of the problem remains largely unknown in the developing countries.Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two community dwelling elderly persons and their caregivers in Zaria, Northern-Nigeria were enrolled in this study. They were interviewed using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D), Consortium to Establish Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), Stick Design Test (SDT), Blessed Dementia Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15 for Windows. Diagnosis was based on fulfilling criteria for dementia in both the International Classification of Disease, 10th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 75.5 ± 9.4 years. The prevalence of dementia was 2.79% (CI 1–4.58%). Alzheimer's disease constituted 66.67% of all the cases of dementia in this community. Age was the only demographic factor associated with dementia.Conclusion: The prevalence rates of dementia and dementia subtypes in the developing countries are similar using standard diagnostic criteria and methods.

Impact of Alzheimer's Disease in Nine Asian Countries

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Han Yang ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Sang-Yun Kim ◽  
Yong-Soo Shim ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Background: Asia will soon have the majority of demented patients in the world. Objective: To assess dementia using a uniform data system to update the current status of dementia in Asia. Methods: A uniformed data set was administered in Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia to gather data with regard to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its related issues for these countries. Results: In total, 2,370 AD patients and their caregivers were recruited from 2011 to 2014. The demographic characteristics of these patients and the relationships between patients and caregivers were different among individuals in these countries (p < 0.001). Of note, the family history for having dementia was 8.2% for females in contrast to 3.2% for males. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the differences in dementia assessment and care in developing versus developed countries. Greater effort with regard to studying dementia, especially in developing countries, is necessary.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Developed and Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli ◽  
Pallavi Shrivastava ◽  
Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda ◽  
Rita Nieto-Montesinos ◽  
Gonzalo Davila-Del Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Tau Pet

Background: The present systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy summarizes the last three decades in advances on diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in developed and developing countries. Objective: To determine the accuracy of biomarkers in diagnostic tools in AD, for example, cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. Methods: The authors searched PubMed for published studies from 1990 to April 2020 on AD diagnostic biomarkers. 84 published studies were pooled and analyzed in this meta-analysis and diagnostic accuracy was compared by summary receiver operating characteristic statistics. Results: Overall, 84 studies met the criteria and were included in a meta-analysis. For EEG, the sensitivity ranged from 67 to 98%, with a median of 80%, 95% CI [75, 91], tau-PET diagnosis sensitivity ranged from 76 to 97%, with a median of 94%, 95% CI [76, 97]; and MRI sensitivity ranged from 41 to 99%, with a median of 84%, 95% CI [81, 87]. Our results showed that tau-PET diagnosis had higher performance as compared to other diagnostic methods in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: Our findings showed an important discrepancy in diagnostic data for AD between developed and developing countries, which can impact global prevalence estimation and management of AD. Also, our analysis found a better performance for the tau-PET diagnostic over other methods to diagnose AD patients, but the expense of tau-PET scan seems to be the limiting factor in the diagnosis of AD in developing countries such as those found in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 812-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj N Kalaria ◽  
Gladys E Maestre ◽  
Raul Arizaga ◽  
Robert P Friedland ◽  
Doug Galasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vascular Dementia

scholarly journals Disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: caregivers' opinions in a Brazilian sample

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Shimizu ◽  
I. Raicher ◽  
Daniel Yasumasa Takahashi ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND: Disclosure of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a contentious issue, and has been little studied in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of socio-demographic factors and the experience of being a caregiver on opinion about disclosing AD diagnosis to the patient in a Brazilian sample. METHOD: Caregivers of 50 AD patients together with 50 control participants that did not have the experience of being a caregiver of AD patient were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Most of the participants (73.0%) endorsed disclosure of the diagnosis, while caregivers were less prone to disclose (58.0%) than controls (88.0%; p=0.0007). Logistic regression confirmed that only the experience of being a caregiver was associated with a lesser tendency for disclosure endorsement. CONCLUSION: The majority of participants was in favor of disclosing the diagnosis, but caregivers were less willing to disclose the diagnosis to the AD patient.

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