Phytochemical and hepatotoxicity studies on Adansonia digitata leaf extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ganiyat K. Oloyede ◽  
Oluwatosin A. Adaramoye ◽  
Oluwaseyi J. Oguntokun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Structures

Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) leaves are used in the treatment of kidney and bladder diseases in ethno-medicine. This research was aimed at justifying its use by isolating the secondary plant metabolites responsible for the observed hepatoprotective activity. Coumarin, terpenoids and steroids were the phytochemicals found in hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions of the crude ethanolic extract of A. digitata leaves. These compounds were isolated by chromatographic technique and their chemical structures were identified by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in literature. Stigmasterol, friedelin, scopoletin, β–sitosterol and β–sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated, identified and characterized by their UV, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. β – sitosterol-3-O- β-D-glucopyranoside, though a known phytosterol is reported newly in the leaves of A. digitata from Nigeria. The UV and IR of four yet to be identified compounds are also reported. Only the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the crude ethanolic extract of A. digatata leaves was subjected to hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride – induced liver damage in rats and it showed significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight (p<0.05). Extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed better hepatoprotective influence than at 200 mg/kg body weight. Reduction in the effect of toxic carbon tetrachloride by the extract was further supported by histopathological results from liver samples which showed regeneration of hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Machaerium opacum (Fabaceae) Leaf Extracts Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Edley F. B. Bezerra ◽  
Renato G. Santos ◽  
Antônio C. S. Menezes ◽  
André C. S. Almeida ◽  
Flávio G. Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Secondary plant metabolites have been widely studied as pest control agents. In this paper we report secondary compounds present in Machaerium opacum leaves, as well as the toxicity of different fractions of the extract of this plant to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) under laboratory conditions. Crude extracts were obtained by means of ethanol. Refractionation was carried out with the solvents hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and ethyl acetate. By means of preliminary phytochemical prospection, starting with the ethanolic extract, flavonoid, triterpene, anthraquinone, coumarin, tannin and steroid compounds were identified. In the ethanolic fractions, triterpene compounds were identified in a mixture (&alpha;-amyrin and &beta;-amyrin), as well as lupeol and the acyclic diterpene alcohol, phytol. In methanolic fractions, the flavonoid rutin was found. In the dichloromethane fraction, the flavonoid mucronulatol and its isomer, isomucronulatol, were found. Extracts of M. opacum did not present an antifeedant effect on the larvae of S. frugiperda. However, all fractions of the extracts tested promoted significant antibiosis effects (reduced weight in the larvae and pupa, larval and pupal mortality and prolongation of the adult phase) on the test population of S. frugiperda. Therefore, our results showed the insecticidal potential of leaf extracts of M. opacum against S. frugiperda.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Ethanolic Extract of Garuga pinnata Roxburgh leaves against Carbon tetrachloride induced Hepatotoxicity in rats.

2021 ◽  
pp. 2375-2380
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chavan ◽  
Remeth Dias ◽  
Chandrakant Magdum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Serum Glutamate

In this study we investigated the in vivo Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata (EEGP) leaves in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity using wistar rats of either sex as model. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of CCl4 intraperitoneally (0.125ml CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1) per 100g body weight). Garuga pinnata leaves extract at different dose levels (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) showed the dose dependant hepatoprotective effect and was compared with well known standard hepatoprotective Silymarain (100mg/kg). When groups were treated with CCl4, significant increase in serum biochemical parameters such as Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphate (ALP), Acid Phosphate (ACP), Creatinine and alteration of tissue biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the total proteins were observed. The histopathological examination of the CCl4 treated groups showed sinusoidal congestion, centrilobular necrosis, marked vacuolations and congestion. However, pretreatment with extract of leaves of Garuga pinnata significantly reduced the increased serum levels of biochemical parameters and restored antioxidant defense enzymes level to its normal. Moreover, histopathology of leaves extract treated groups showed normal architecture with minimal sinusoidal congestion. Taken together, our study concludes that EEGP to be a more potential agent for caring liver from CCl4 induced damage.

Revisiting the antiviral efficacy of terpenoids: Plausible adjunct therapeutics for novel SARS-CoV-2?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afza Ahmad ◽  
Rohit Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antiviral Efficacy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

: Presently the world is witnessing most devastating pandemic in the history of mankind caused due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS-CoV-2. This dreaded pandemic is responsible for escalated mortality rate across the globe and thus is the worst catastrophes in the history of mankind. Since its outbreak, substantial scientific explorations focusing on formulation of novel therapeutical and/or adjunct intervention against the disease are continuously in pipeline. However, till date no effective therapy has been approved and hence the present alarming situation urges the necessity of exploring novel, safe and efficient interventional strategies. Functionally, terpenoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites having multi facet chemical structures and are categorically documented to be the largest reservoir of bioactive constituents, predominant in nature. Intriguingly, very little is scientifically explored or reviewed in regards with the anti-CoV-2 attributes of terpenoids. The present article thus aims to revisit the antiviral efficacy of terpenoids by reviewing the current scientific literature and thereby provide an opinion on the plausibility of exploring them as potential therapeutical intervention to deal with ongoing CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effects of Calotropis gigantea extract against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Lodhi ◽  
Hemant Singh ◽  
Kamlesh Pant ◽  
Zeashan Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

Hepatoprotective effects ofCalotropis giganteaextract against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in ratsEthanolic extract (50 %) of stems ofCalotropis giganteaR. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) at doses of 250 and 500 mg kg-1were studied for hepatoprotective activity in male Wistar rats with liver damage induced using carbon tetrachloride, 2 mL kg-1twice a week. The protective effect ofC. giganteaextract was compared with the standard drug silymarin. Various biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated. The results revealed that theC. giganteaextract significantly decreased AST, ALT (p< 0.001) and lipid peroxide (p< 0.01) levels. The antioxidant parameters GSH, GPx, SOD and catalase levels were increased considerably compared to their levels in groups not treated withC. giganteaextract.

scholarly journals Effect of Protoberberine-Rich Fraction of Chelidonium majus L. on Endometriosis Regression

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Alicja Warowicka ◽  
Badr Qasem ◽  
Anna Dera-Szymanowska ◽  
Maria Wołuń-Cholewa ◽  
Patryk Florczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. To date, the effective treatment of this disease is still based on invasive surgery or laparoscopy. Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) belongs to medicinal, latex-bearing plants. Extracts from the plant are a rich source of pharmacologically active agents. Protoberberine compounds derived from C. majus possess anticancer and antiproliferative activities. In the present study of a rat model of endometriosis, we investigated the influence of the plant protoberberine-rich fraction (BBR) obtained from the medicinal plant C. majus on the development of endometriosis. To understand of BBR therapeutic potential for endometriosis, metabolomics has been applied to study. BBR was prepared from an ethanolic extract of dry plants C. majus. Rats (n = 16) with confirmed endometriosis were treated with BBR administered orally (1 g/kg) for 14 days. Blood serum samples were collected from all of the animals and metabolites were studied using the NMR method. The metabolomic pattern was compared before and after the protoberberine treatment. The performed analysis showed significant changes in the concentrations of metabolites that are involved in energy homeostasis, including glucose, glutamine, and lactate. Histopathological studies showed no recurrence of endometriosis loci after treatment with BBR. The results of the study found that BBR treatment prevents the recurrence of endometriosis in rats. Moreover, metabolomics profiling can be applied to better understand the mechanisms of action of these protoberberine secondary plant metabolites. Our findings provide new insights into the pharmaceutical activity of natural protoberberine plant compounds.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Carbon Tetrachloride – Induced Hepatoxicity by Dacryodes edulis Seeds Ethanolic Extract in Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9490-9500
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Dacryodes edulis (African pear) seed has a long history of use in ethnomedicine. However, there is a paucity of information on its ameliorative potential on hepatic damage. In the present study, the potentials of D. edulis ethanolic seed extract (DET) in attenuating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats was assessed. Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) designated: control, CCl4, and DET, respectively. Animals in the control group were administered 2 mL/kg body weight corn oil, while those assigned to CCl4 and DET groups were administered i.p. 30% CCl4 in corn oil (1:1 v/v) at 2 mL/kg. Treatment was administered once every 24 h consecutively for 72 h. Thereafter, control and CCl4 groups were treated once daily with 1 mL distilled water by gavage, while DET rats were treated once daily with 1500 mg/kg DET by gavage. At every 7 days interval and for 28 consecutive days, animals were starved overnight, weighed, and six rats from each group were sacrificed under anesthesia to collect blood and liver samples. After 28 days, remarkable improvements in feed intake, body weight, serum levels of hepatic function indicators, and hepatic histology were observed in DET rats compared to CCl4 rats. These results suggest a possible ameliorative potential of D. edulis ethanolic seed extract against CCl4-induced hepatic injury.

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