Potential of 5% tamarind extract gel as an etching agent: tensile strength and scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation

Background: Acid etching is a stage in obtaining bonds between composites and enamel. The application of acid to the enamel surface, however, can cause dissolution of hydroxyapatite and demineralisation of the enamel surface. Phosphoric acid, a strong acid, is an etching material that can reduce enamel hardness. Excessively reducing hardness can interfere with attachment to the restorative material. One medicinal plant that can be used as an alternative material in acid etching is tamarind. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of 5% tamarind extract gel on the tensile strength of composite resins. Methods: This is an experimental research study with a post-test-only control-group design. The study used 14 mandibular incisors. The labial part of the incisor was prepared using a diamond fissure bur with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 2 mm. The control group was then etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel, while the experimental group was etched with 5% tamarind extract gel. Bonding resins and micro-hybrid composite resins were applied, based on the manufacturers’ instructions. Next, a tensile strength test and seeing formation resin tags by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Data were analysed using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). Results: The average tensile strength of composite resins in the group etched with 5% tamarind extract gel was the same as in the 37% phosphoric acid group (p > 0.05). SEM images also show that enamel etched with 5% tamarind extract gel produced a tag similar to that etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel. Conclusion: 5% tamarind extract as an etching material can generate tensile strength of composite resin and trigger formation of resin tags in the same way as 37% phosphoric acid.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Differing Etch Times on the Etch Pattern on Enamel of Unerupted and Erupted Human Teeth Examined using the Scanning Electron Microscope

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.14.2.105 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 105-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. G. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Etch Pattern ◽

Scanning Electron

The etch pattern produced on enamel from unerupted and erupted human teeth with varying periods of acid etching using 37 per cent phosphoric acid was examined using a scanning electron microscope. For erupted enamel etch scores were fairly consistent above 10 seconds etching, for unerupted enamel etch scores matched those for erupted enamel for etch times above 30 seconds. The etch type was more consistent on unerupted enamel.

Download Full-text

OBSERVATIONS ON ETCHED ENAMEL IN NON-ERUPTED DECIDUOUS MOLARS: A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY

Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0103-06631997000300002 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo FAVA ◽

Ii-Sei WATANABE ◽

Flávio FAVA DE MORAES ◽

Luciane RIBEIRO DE REZENDE SUCASAS DA COSTA

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Etching Time ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Deciduous Molars ◽

Scanning Electron

Under the scanning electron microscope, the characteristics of the buccal surface enamel of human non-erupted deciduous molars were evaluated after using 15, 30, and 45 seconds of phosphoric acid etching time. The teeth were extracted, kept in a 70% alcohol solution and later dehydrated and metallized for analysis with the scanning electron microscope JEOL, JSM-6.100. The in vitro experiment with 35% phosphoric acid revealed that there is a tendency of predominance of interprismatic enamel dissolution or type II pattern with 15 and 45 seconds etching time. The dissolution of the interprismatic enamel was more pronounced when an acid etching time of 45 seconds was used. The enamel surface demonstrated type I and type II patterns when acid etching time was 30 seconds

Download Full-text

Microleakage of "Bulk-Fill" Composite Resin for Class II Restorations Pretreated With CO2 Laser in Deciduous Molars: An In Vitro Study

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.15171/jlms.2019.49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 304-309

Author(s):

Larissa Costa Santos ◽

Ravana Angelini Sfalcin ◽

Eugenio José Garcia ◽

Fátima Antônia Aparecida Zanin ◽

Aldo Brugnera Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Co2 Laser ◽

Class Ii ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acid Gel

Introduction: Microleakage has been reported to cause dentin hypersensitivity because of the passage of bacteria and their products through the restoration-tooth interface and is one of the main reasons for replacement of restorations. CO2 laser can be used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the microleakage in composite restorations following surface pretreatment with acid etching and CO2 laser. Methods: Twelve human caries-free primary molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared on occlusal mesial and occlusal distal surfaces. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Group 1 (G1) – 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative – Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 2 (G2) – 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply); Group 3 (G3) – CO2 laser irradiation + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative – Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 4 (G4) – CO2 laser irradiation + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply). Surfaces were restored with bonding agent (Natural Bond DE, DFL). Specimens were cut longitudinally and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 hours. Microleakage scores were assessed under a magnifying glass at x3,5 and qualitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Results: Scores prevailed between 0 and 2, however, no statistically significant difference was found among the groups (P= 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that all composite resins bulk fill did not show significant difference among them regarding microleakage using either CO2 laser or 37% phosphoric acid etching.

Download Full-text

Splitting of Islands-in-the-Sea Fibers (PA6/COPET) during Hydroentangling of Nonwovens

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892500700200402 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 155892500700200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mbwana Suleiman Ndaro ◽

Xiang-yu Jin ◽

Ting Chen ◽

Chong-wen Yu

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Water Jet ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Sem Micrographs ◽

Fiber Splitting ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper summarizes the investigations of hydroentangled islands-in-the-sea (PA6/COPET) fiber webs. An increase in water jet pressure improved the tensile strength and fiber splitting while elongation at break decreased. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs and ANOVA (MS Excel ™) were used for characterizing fiber splitting and data analyses respectively. It can be concluded that with a new innovation in spinnerette design and modification of co-polyester structure, PA6/COPET, fibers can be split in the hydroentanglement process without dissolution of the sea component.

Download Full-text

REMINERALIZATION EFFECT OF POLYASPARTIC ACID IN THE POLYMER-INDUCED LIQUID PRECURSOR PROCESS ON THE INTRAFIBRILLAR DENTIN (SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS)

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.op-46 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

RIVANTI IRMADELA DEVINA ◽

ADELINE CLARISSA ◽

NILAKESUMA DJAUHARIE ◽

KAMIZAR NAZAR ◽

RATNA MEIDYAWATI

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Control Group ◽

Polyaspartic Acid ◽

Liquid Precursor ◽

X Ray ◽

Demineralized Dentin ◽

Scanning Electron

Objective: This study aims to analyze remineralization that occurred in demineralized dentin following polyaspartic acid (pAsp) in PILP immersion.Methods: Sixteen dentin block samples were immersed in demineralized solution. The samples were divided into controls (no pAsp immersion) orpAsp immersion for 3, 7, or 14 days (n’s=4). The samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe morphology andenergy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) to observe calcium and phosphate levels.Results: SEM revealed that pAsp immersion resulted in significantly higher dentin remineralization compared to the control group. However, therewere no significant differences among 3, 7, and 14 days of immersion. EDX revealed that remineralization occurred by the deposition of calcium andphosphate ions.Conclusion: Including pAsp in the PILP process produced rapid remineralization of demineralized dentin.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Enamel Loss with Polycrystalline Ceramic Bracket using two different Debonding Techniques

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v5i1.14494 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

P Narayan Prasad ◽

Tarun Sharma ◽

Gaurav Chaudhary ◽

Arjun Vedvyas ◽

Sandeep Gupta

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Surface Loss ◽

Bonding Material ◽

Polycrystalline Ceramic ◽

Ceramic Brackets ◽

Ceramic Bracket ◽

Scanning Electron

Introduction: Debonding of ceramic brackets requires a technique that will restore the enamel surface possibly to its pretreatment condition.Objective: To evaluate a comparative degree of enamel loss with various debonding techniques.Materials & Method: 30 extracted premolars were divided into three equal groups of 10 each on the basis of bonding material used. Six subgroups comprising of 5 teeth each were formed on the basis of debonding techniques. Debonded enamel surfaces were photographed under Scanning Electron Microscope to evaluate the enamel loss percentage and compared using oneway ANOVA.Result: Decreasing order of enamel surface loss was 63.1%, 56.3%, 45.4%, 43%, 31% and 30.5% for light cure–mechanical, light cure-electrothermal, self cure-mechanical, self cure-electrothermal, single composite-mechanical and single compositeelectrothermalcombination respectively.Conclusion: Mechanical debonding leads to greater enamel loss than electrothermal debonding. Bonding with Light cure composite always leads to greater enamel loss irrespective of type of debonding technique. Bonding with single composite always leads to lesser enamel loss irrespective of debonding technique.

Download Full-text

Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extrued Spray Forming Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si Alloy

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.671 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 671-674

Author(s):

Rong Hua Zhang ◽

Yong An Zhang ◽

Bao Hong Zhu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Spray Forming ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron

In this paper, the Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloys were fabricated by spray forming and extrusion process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by means of metallographic, scanning electron microscope and tensile test. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the extrued alloys can reach 353MPa, the yield strength 300MPa, elongation 19.12%, at room temperature. At 250°C, the tensile strength of the extrued alloys can reach 221MPa, the yield strength 208MPa, elongation 13.33%.

Download Full-text

Molecular Interdiffusion of Hauling Theory between Dissimilar Polymers Based on Novel USW

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.289 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 289-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guo Hong Zhang ◽

Jian Hui Qiu ◽

Liang Shao ◽

Xie Fu

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

The Novel ◽

Welding Strength ◽

Reptation Theory ◽

Scanning Electron

Based on the novel USW method, the welds of Polylactide (PLA) - Polyformaldehyde (POM) and PLA - polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) have been carried out. The interdiffusion processes of polymer chains have also been investigated according to the reptation theory and the hauling theory. The welding strengths are carried out by the universal tester and the rupture interfaces are observed using the scanning electron microscope. The best welding strength is 52MPa (90% compared with PLA of the PLA-POM system), which can reach the tensile strength of IPS. The molecules of POM are much easier to inter-diffuse than those of PLA and PMMA.

Download Full-text

The Study of Sodium Alginate Adsorption with PAE as Environmental Friendly Additive for Paper Strength

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1855 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 1855-1861

Author(s):

Xiao Lei Song ◽

Chun Li Yao ◽

Xiao Juan Jin

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Binary System ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Paper Strength ◽

Wet Strength ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Film Forming ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Sem Analyses

This study shows a optimization usage of SA and PAE on enhancing both wet and dry strength of paper. The influence of the dosage of PAE and the viscosity of SA on the binary system for strengthening of paper have been studied and compared with paper which use PAE alone as a wet strength additive. A optimization ratio of PAE/SA was obtained, and with this ratio unchanged the amount of PAE/SA and initial of pH of the pulp has been tested. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as a assistant method to observe those influence. The results showes that PAE/SA binary strengthening system for paper has a better property than that of PAE alone as a wet strength additive. The optimal viscosity of SA is about 350 mPa•S and the optimal ratio of PAE and SA is 3:2 and the addition of PAE and SA are 0.75% and 0.5% respectively. SEM analyses confirm that the film-forming property of PAE is accelerated by SA and it is also noticeable that the PAE/SA film can stick to the suface of fibres uniformly in the aqueous pulp slurry environment. The reaserch on the effects of the slurries at different pH to the wet and dry tensile strength prove that PAE/SA strength system is more suitable for neutral and alkaline papermaking conditions.

Download Full-text