scholarly journals WHAT DOES DYNAMICS OF TOURISM MARKETING SHOW IN 12 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Manuel A Vanegas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Marketing Activities

This study is motivated by the idea to what extent tourism marketing investment contributes to tourism demand expansion. It searches for better estimation methods that can deal with the inter-temporal and cross-section correlation of the disturbances. The effect of omitting the tourism marketing variable, as evidenced by the drastic change in long and short-run elasticity values for all tourism demand models, has emerged clearly. There is a need for the national tourism institutions to have a clear, consistent, and sustained investment policy in tourism marketing activities with respect to enhanced effectiveness in allocating financial resources.Keywords: Tourism Marketing, 12 Developing Countries, Dynamic Panel, Elasticity Values, Omission of Tourism Marketing Variable.JEL: Z33, C23,O50

Estimating time series and cross section tourism demand models: Mainland United States to Hawaii data

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Nelson ◽  
David A. Dickey ◽  
Joy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Demand Models

Macroeconomic Effects of Changes in Tourism Demand: A Simple Dynamic Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan F. Schubert ◽  
Juan Gabriel Brida
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Marketing Expenditures ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Net Foreign Asset ◽  
Tourism Services

This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of an increase in tourism demand due both to an exogenous increase in foreigners' income and to tourism marketing activities in a small country which specializes in tourism production. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model, the authors show that an increase in tourism demand leads to an increase in the relative price of domestically produced tourism services and increases tourism production. Because the dynamic transition is characterized by capital accumulation and a current account deficit, the economy ends up with a higher capital stock but a lower stock of net foreign assets. Higher foreign income has a welfare-increasing effect, whereas an increase in marketing expenditures has ambiguous effects on residents' consumption and welfare. The authors also discuss the effects of a temporary demand stimulus, which is nonetheless shown to have permanent effects on the country's net foreign asset position and agents' consumption.

PENGEMBANGAN ”REAL TIME TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM” BAGI PENGGUNA JALAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmadi Suyuti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Traffic Counts ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Demand Models

Traffic information condition is a very useful  information for road user because road user can choose his best route for each trip from his origin to his destination. The final goal for this research is to develop real time traffic information system for road user using real time traffic volume. Main input for developing real time traffic information system is an origin-destination (O-D) matrix to represent the travel pattern. However, O-D matrices obtained through a large scale survey such as home or road side interviews, tend to be costly, labour intensive and time disruptive to trip makers. Therefore, the alternative of using traffic counts to estimate O-D matrices is particularly attractive. Models of transport demand have been used for many years to synthesize O-D matrices in study areas. A typical example of the approach is the gravity model; its functional form, plus the appropriate values for the parameters involved, is employed to produce acceptable matrices representing trip making behaviour for many trip purposes and time periods. The work reported in this paper has combined the advantages of acceptable travel demand models with the low cost and availability of traffic counts. Two types of demand models have been used: gravity (GR) and gravity-opportunity (GO) models. Four estimation methods have been analysed and tested to calibrate the transport demand models from traffic counts, namely: Non-Linear-Least-Squares (NLLS), Maximum-Likelihood (ML), Maximum-Entropy (ME) and Bayes-Inference (BI). The Bandung’s Urban Traffic Movement survey has been used to test the developed method. Based on several statistical tests, the estimation methods are found to perform satisfactorily since each calibrated model reproduced the observed matrix fairly closely. The tests were carried out using two assignment techniques, all-or-nothing and equilibrium assignment.  

scholarly journals Cross-section instability in financial markets: impatience, extrapolation, and switching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Dieci ◽  
Xue-Zhong He
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Asset Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Market ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fundamental Price

AbstractThis paper presents a stylized model of interaction among boundedly rational heterogeneous agents in a multi-asset financial market to examine how agents’ impatience, extrapolation, and switching behaviors can affect cross-section market stability. Besides extrapolation and performance based switching between fundamental and extrapolative trading documented in single asset market, we show that a high degree of ‘impatience’ of agents who are ready to switch to more profitable trading strategy in the short run provides a further cross-section destabilizing mechanism. Though the ‘fundamental’ steady-state values, which reflect the standard present-value of the dividends, represent an unbiased equilibrium market outcome in the long run (to a certain extent), the price deviation from the fundamental price in one asset can spill-over to other assets, resulting in cross-section instability. Based on a (Neimark–Sacker) bifurcation analysis, we provide explicit conditions on how agents’ impatience, extrapolation, and switching can destabilize the market and result in a variety of short and long-run patterns for the cross-section asset price dynamics.

MARKETING ASPECTS IN THE OPERATIONS OF THE VELEBIT NATURE PARK

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Branka Berc Radisic ◽  
Lorena Bašan ◽  
Diana Bokulić
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Nature Park

The application of marketing in tourism involves marketing activities undertaken by all producers that are in any way connected to selling their products on the tourist market, as a means of earning revenue. Tourism marketing calls for a marketing concept to be implemented in companies in the tourism sector and other tourism-supply providers. Upon the adoption of the Management Plan of the Velebit Nature Park, a marketing concept, as an element of efficient park management, must be employed to help ensure the prosperity of Park operations in all areas and across all levels.

The Effect of Advertising on Sales and Brand Equity in Small Sport Businesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Hayduk ◽  
Matthew Walker
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Meaningful Connections ◽  
Dynamic Panel Estimator

Work in relationship marketing (RM) has implied that most large sport properties fail to enact sport relationship marketing (SRM) tactics that establish meaningful connections with consumers. Work in entrepreneurial marketing (EM) suggests that small businesses must innovate to implement elements of EM due to inherent resource constraints. Therefore, exploring SRM in an entrepreneurial, innovation-dependent context like small sport businesses (SSBs) may help explain why large sport fi rms struggle with SRM. Therefore, we examined whether SSBs’ marketing activities are generative of RM-specific outcomes and attempted to identify when and how these relationships can be augmented. Results from a dynamic panel estimator carried out on a sample of 332 SSBs over a 22-year span indicate that SSBs accrue only some of the benefits to be expected in the presence of successful SRM, highlighting the need to understand why sport properties of all sizes struggle to build meaningful relationships.

Natural disasters and monetary policy: evidence from an augmented Taylor rule

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Apergis ◽  
James E. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Taylor Rule ◽  
Nominal Interest Rate ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the short-run monetary policy response to five different types of natural disasters (geophysical, meteorological, hydrological, climatological and biological) with respect to developed and developing countries, respectively. Design/methodology/approach An augmented Taylor rule monetary policy model is estimated using systems generalized method of moments panel estimation over the period 2000–2018 for a panel of 40 developed and 77 developing countries, respectively. Findings In the case of developed countries, the greatest nominal interest rate response originates from geophysical, meteorological, hydrological and climatological disasters, whereas for developing countries the nominal interest rate response is the greatest for geophysical and meteorological disasters. For both developed and developing countries, the results suggest the monetary authorities will pursue expansionary monetary policies in the short-run to lower nominal interest rates; however, the magnitude of the monetary response varies across the type of natural disaster. Originality/value First, unlike previous studies, which focused on a specific type of natural disaster, this study examines whether the short-run monetary policy response differs across the type of natural disaster. Second, in relation to previous studies, the analysis encompasses a much larger panel data set to include 117 countries differentiated between developed and developing countries.

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