scholarly journals Immobilization of Providencia stuartii Cells in Papaya Trunk Wood for N-acetylglucosamine Production from Pennaeus vannamei Shrimp Shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Yuniwaty Halim ◽  
Steven Fausta Tantradjaja ◽  
Hardoko Hardoko ◽  
Ratna Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Providencia Stuartii

Highlight Research AbstractChitin is a natural compound found abundantly in shrimp shells. Chitin can be degraded to produce N-acetylglucosamine, which has wide applications in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Fermentation using chitinolytic microorganisms can be used to produce N-acetylglucosamine from shrimp shells’ chitin. One of the strong chitinolytic bacteria that was isolated from previous research was Providencia stuartii. To provide better stability and efficiency in fermentation, P. stuartii cells were immobilized using entrapment method in papaya trunk wood. The aims of this research were to determine the optimum papaya trunk wood size, ratio of papaya trunk wood and growth medium, as well as the optimum fermentation cycle to produce N-acetylglucosamine from P. vannamei shrimp shells using submerged fermentation method. The research used experimental method with treatment of different sizes of papaya trunk wood (1 x 1 x 1 cm3, 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 cm3, and 2 x 2 x 2 cm3), different ratio of papaya trunk wood and growth medium (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20), and 4 fermentation cycles. Results showed that papaya trunk wood with size of 1 x 1 x 1 cm3 and ratio (w/v) of 1:10 could immobilize 87.08±2.05% of P. stuartii cells and produce the highest N-acetylglucosamine concentration, which was 238177.78±3153.48 ppm. The highest N-acetylglucosamine production was obtained from first fermentation cycle and decreased over the last three cycles, but still produced high concentration of N-acetylglucosamine. Therefore, it is possible to perform continuous N-acetylglucosamine production from shrimp shells using P. stuartii cells immobilized in papaya trunk wood. 

scholarly journals Immobilization of Providencia stuartii Cells in Pumice Stone and Its Application for N-Acetylglucosamine Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuniwaty Halim ◽  
Devianita Devianita ◽  
Hardoko Hardoko ◽  
Ratna Handayani ◽  
Lucia C. Soedirga
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Use

Research background. Shrimp shells contain chitin that can further be processed into N-acetylglucosamine which has been extensively used to treat joint damage. Providencia stuartii isolated form previous research has strong chitinolytic activity and may be utilized in the form of immobilized cells to be used in repeated fermentation. Pumice is a porous and rigid stone that offers superior mechanical strength, making it suitable to be used for immobilization process. Experimental approach. The research used experimental method to conduct the submerged fermentation process with different pumice stone size and pumice stone:growth medium ratio (m/V). The fermentation was carried out for 4 days at 37 C and pH of 7.0. The optimum pumice stone size and pumice stone:growth medium ratio (m/V) were used to determine the optimum fermentation cycle to produce N-acetylglucosamine. Results and conclusions. Pumice stones of 1.0×1.0×1.0 cm and pumice stone:growth medium ratio (m/V) of 1:5 were found to be the optimum conditions which successfully immobilized (89.99±1.65) % cells and produced (331.37±7.34) g/L N-acetylglucosamine. The highest N-acetylglucosamine concentration of (322.97±2.46) g/L was obtained in the first fermentation cycle which then decreased and remained stable throughout the last three cycles of fermentation. Novelty and scientific contribution. P. stuartii was a strong chitinolytic bacteria previously isolated from rotten shrimp shells and was used for the first time in immobilized form to produce N-acetylglucosamine. The findings in this research showed potential use of P. stuartii cells immobilized in pumice stone for continuous production of N-acetylglucosamine using fermentation method.

Regulation of Folate Metabolizing Enzymes In Fungus Aspergillus nidulans

Pteridines ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Balińska ◽  
Renata Natorff ◽  
Andrzej Paszewski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes

Summary The regulation of methionine synthase. serine hydroxymethyltransferase. methylenetetrahydrofolate oxidorelluctase and dihydrofolate reductase in Aspergillus nidulans have been found to be controlled by endogenous pools methionine and homocysteine. Mutants impaired in sulfur metaholite repression. which have highly elevated pools of these amino acids. also show elevated levels of folate metabolizing enzymes mentioned above. This effect was found to he the result of the accumulation of endogenous homocysteine. which induces folate enzymes. High concentration (up to 5 mM) or methionine in growth medium leads to repression of these enzymes. It appears. therefore. that the levels of folate metaholizing enzymes arc determined by the ratio of cellular levels or methionine and homocysteine.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULASE BY BACILLUS PUMILUS UNDER SUBMERGED FERMENTATION USING LABORATORY MEDIUM BY SMF METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 717-733
Author(s):  
Hiral Shah ◽  
Ankita Patel ◽  
Rinku Valand ◽  
Payal Rathod ◽  
Nidhi Gondaliya
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Cellulose Material ◽  
Fermentation Method

Cellulolytic waste is superfluous in lithosphere and its conversion is one of the basic necessities. In current research, we have screen out potential bacterial isolates that were found capable for degradation of cellulose material. They can easily convert it into simple usable form of sugar. All isolates were capable to use cellulose in natural environmental condition such as pH, humidity and moderate temperature range. Isolation was done using to carboxymethycellulose agar medium. While, the isolates were cultivated by submerged fermentation method (Smf). Among all isolates Bacullis pumilus was found most potent strain for cellulose degradation and for production of cellulase at large scale

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DENGAN TEKNIK DESTILASI REFLUKS SATU KOLOM

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Yansen Sumampouw ◽  
Hesky S. Kolibu ◽  
Seni H.J. Tongkukut
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Purity Level

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DENGAN TEKNIK DESTILASI REFLUKS SATU KOLOMABSTRAK Produksi minuman arak cap tikus di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara sangat melimpah dan dapat mencapai 100.000 liter per hari. Penggunaannya sebagai minuman keras telah menyebabkan berbagai tindak kejahatan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat sehingga diperlukan usaha untuk mengalihkan pemanfaatannya dari minuman keras menjadi etanol konsentrasi tinggi yang kemudian dapat diproses menjadi campuran bahan bakar yang disebut gasohol. Bioetanol yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran bahan bakar harus memiliki tingkat kemurnian 96%. Alkohol 40% akan ditingkatkan kemurniannya menjadi 96 %. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan alat pembuat etanol dengan teknik destilasi refluks. Pengukuran dilakukan secara terpisah untuk masing-masing variasi suhu. Hasil optimal yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu ketika suhu boiler berada pada rentang suhu 75,2°C - 75,4°C dengan tingkat kemurnian etanol mencapai 96% - 96,5%. Kata Kunci : Cap Tikus, Bioetanol, Destilasi Refluks. BIOETHANOL DEVELOPING WITH ONE COLUMN REFLUX DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE ABSTACT Wine beverage (local name :Cap Tikus) production in North Sulawesi is very abundant and can reach 100,000 liters per day. Its use as a liquor has caused a variety of crimes that occur in society so that needs necessary effort to divert the utilization of liquor into a high concentration of ethanol that can be processed into fuel mixture called gasohol. Bioethanol can be used as a fuel mixture should have a purity level of 96%. In this research Alcohol 40% will be increased to 96% purity. This research was conducted by an experimental method using ethanol maker with reflux distillation technique. Measurements performed separately for each variation in temperature. Optimal result obtained in this research are when the boiler temperature is at a temperature range of 75.2 °C - 75.4 °C with a purity level of ethanol reached 96% - 96.5%. Keywords : Cap Tikus, Bioethanol, Reflux Distillation Technique.

scholarly journals A report on characterization of submerged fermentation of Phellinus linteus in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Duc Minh Pham ◽  
Hang Nguyen Thi ◽  
Ly Nguyen Thi ◽  
Minh Huyen Nguyen Thi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Phellinus Linteus ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Cultivation Process

Phellinus linteus strain GC was cultured for harvesting biomass by submerged fermentation method in 100 L fermenter which produced in Vietnam. The process of cultivation of this fungus was performed in aerobic conditions with aeration at 1 vvm, stirred at 150 rpm, temperature from 27oC to 29oC. The observation of cultivation was performed to evaluate the optimum time of growth which produce highest biomass of the mycelium for application purpose of using as functional food. The pH of medium was slightly changed with decrease then increase again, and reached about 6.0 when cultivation process ends. The biomass of mycelium was gradually increased until about 11 days of cultivation with about 30 g/L of dried biomass and the content of of sugar reduced in medium decreased from 40 g/L to 6 g/L.

Haemoglobin inhibits the development of infective promastigotes and chitinase secretion inLeishmania majorcultures

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Schlein ◽  
R. L. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Rabbit Blood

SUMMARYHaemoglobin or blood in the growth medium ofLeishmania majorinhibited the formation of infective promastigotes and the secretion of chitinases. Inoculation of mice with stationary-phase parasites from control medium caused infections in 20/29 mice, compared to 3/20 mice injected with parasites grown with 10% rabbit blood, or 1/30 mice that received parasites grown with rabbit haemoglobin. The concentration of peanut lectin (PNA) required to agglutinate promastigotes was used as an index of their infectivity, ranging from a high concentration for infective populations to a low concentration for relatively non-infective populations. Agglutination of 50% of the parasites from control medium or from medium containing rabbit haemoglobin required 4·1 μg PNA/ml and 0·1 μg PNA/ml, respectively. Chitinase activities/107parasites decreased from 4·8 units chitinase and 12·5 unitsN-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) in the control to 2·0 units chitinase and 8·5 units NAGase in cultures containing rabbit haemoglobin. Rabbit, human, bovine and pigeon haemoglobins had various inhibitory effects on the activity of chitinases and not on the virulence, as expressed by PNA agglutination. The relevance of the results to the cycle ofLeishmaniais discussed.

Induced changes in the surface of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pinina Norrod ◽  
Judith S. Burnham ◽  
Robert P. Williams ◽  
Ming-Jer Ding
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Induced Changes

Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain F62 on medium containing pyruvate and a high ratio of cysteine to cystine resulted in functional and structural changes that are consistent with phenotypic changes in lipopolysaccharide. Both transparent (O−) and moderately opaque (O+) variants became more sensitive to killing by normal human serum and more resistant to killing by pyocin G, a bacteriocin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Electrophoresis of outer membranes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate demonstrated differences also dependent upon the growth medium. When gels were treated with periodic acid and stained with silver, lanes containing outer membranes obtained after growth in the modified medium demonstrated two bands in addition to those independent of the growth medium. The enhancement of these additional bands by periodate treatment indicated that they represent material containing carbohydrate. The mechanism by which the changes in the growth medium affected the surface of N. gonorrhoeae is not known; however, the changes demonstrated by electrophoresis were dependent upon either the high concentration of cysteine or the high ratio of cysteine to cystine.

scholarly journals Utilization of Crude Intracellular Chitinase Enzyme from Providencia stuartii for Glucosamine Production from Shrimp Shells

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Hardoko Hardoko ◽  
Titri Siratantri Mastuti ◽  
Desy Puspasari ◽  
Yuniwaty Halim
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Chitin Hydrolysis ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Optimum Ph And Temperature

Chitin hydrolysis using enzyme is one of the methods to produce glucosamine in shorter time compared to using microbial cells, but the ability to produce glucosamine at enzyme’s optimum condition is influenced by substrate concentration and fermentation time. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum substrate concentration and fermentation time of shrimp shells’ chitin to produce glucosamine at the optimum pH and temperature of crude intracellular chitinase enzyme from Providencia stuartii. Method used was experimental method, started by extraction of intracellular enzyme from P. stuartii, followed by determination of optimum pH and temperature of enzyme. The optimum condition was used for experiment of shrimp shells’ chitin fermentation with treatments of chitin substrate concentration (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0%) and fermentation time (2, 4, 6 and 24 hours). Results showed that optimum enzyme activity occurred at pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40oC, which was about 6.03 U/ml. Concentration of chitin substrate and fermentation time influenced the amount of glucosamine obtained. Fermentation of shrimp shells’ chitin using crude intracellular enzyme was optimum at 1.0% substrate concentration and 6 hours fermentation time, which produced glucosamine about 1680.06±58.49 ppm. Keywords: intracellular chitinase enzyme, glucosamine, shrimp shells’ chitin, P. stuartii

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document