scholarly journals The Role of N-Acetyl Sistein in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Resti Yudhawati ◽  
Nitya Prasanta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mucolytic Agent

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and it is still the major health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can induce oxidative stress. Some studies has proved that active TB patients have an association with excessive oxidative stress which causes glutathione (GSH) level decrease and free radicals increase. Glutathione (GSH) facilitates the control of M.TB intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages and has direct antimicrobial activity.  N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is thiol, a precursor of L-cysteine and glutathione synthesis (GSH) that has been used for decades as a mucolytic agent in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Some studies report beneficial role of NAC as immunomodulator, besides NAC also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect in TB management.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smear negative sputum by PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jobayer ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Negative Sputum

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major health problem in Bangladesh that is responsible for about 7% of total death in a year. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum and to evaluate the efficacy of PCR as a modern diagnostic tool, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in the smear negative cases. One hundred and fifty suspected pulmonary TB patients (male/ female: 97/53) were included in this study. Single morning sputum was collected from each patient and diagnostic potential of PCR was compared with staining and culture. Twenty five (16.7%) sputum were positive by ZN stained smear. Among 125 smear negative samples, 13 (10.4%) yielded growth in culture in LJ media and 21 (16.8%) samples were positive by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in smear negative cases was 100% and 92.9% respectively. Mean detection time in PCR was 24 hours. PCR detected M. tuberculosis in 21 smear negative and 9 culture negative samples. For diagnosis of tuberculosis in smear negative cases, PCR directly from sputum was a very sensitive and accurate method. In conclusion, PCR may be done, especially in clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients who remain negative by conventional methods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19368 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 2-6

scholarly journals The Roles of Host Noncoding RNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Qingzhi Jia ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Qingli Bie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, can replicate and persist in host cells. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely participate in various biological processes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and play critical roles in gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the latest reports on ncRNAs (microRNAs, piRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs) that regulate the host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In the context of host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactions, a broad and in-depth understanding of host ncRNA regulatory mechanisms may lead to potential clinical prospects for tuberculosis diagnosis and the development of new anti-tuberculosis therapies.

scholarly journals Peran Imunitas Mukosa terhadap Infeksi Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Irmi Syafa’ah ◽  
Resti Yudhawati
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Airway Mucosa ◽  
The World

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of major health problems in the world, with high morbidity and mortality rates. According to Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, Indonesia ranks as country with the 2nd highest number of TB cases in the world. Airway was described as a ‘gateway’ to the main pathogens, allergens and particles from the external environment. It has surveillance function that filtering beneficial and non-beneficial antigens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as the causative agent of TB. MTB is a mucosal transmitted pathogen, infects human through mucosal tissue of respiratory tract. Airway mucosa was considered as the first barrier as well as inductive sites to initiate mucosal immune response against MTB. In this literature, the role of mucosal immune system, in this case especially airway mucosa, and its role against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans will be further discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping ofMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolated in Baghdad

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqaya Mustafa Ali ◽  
Alberto Trovato ◽  
David Couvin ◽  
Amina N. Al-Thwani ◽  
Emanuele Borroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Transmission Index

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in Iraq but the strains responsible for the epidemic have been poorly characterized. Our aim was to characterize the TB strains circulating in Bagdad (Iraq). A total of 270Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) strains isolated between 2010 and 2011 from TB patients attending the Center of Chest and Respiratory diseases in Baghdad were analyzed by Spoligotyping. The analysis indicated that 94.1% of the isolates belong to known genotype clades: CAS 39.6%, ill-defined T clade 29.6%, Manu 7.4%, Haarlem 7%, Ural 4.1%, LAM 3.3%, X 0.7%, LAM7-TUR 0.7%, EAI 0.7%, S 0.7%, and unknown 5.9%. Comparison with the international multimarker database SITVIT2 showed that SIT 309 (CAS1-Delhi) and SIT1144 (T1) were the most common types. In addition, 44 strains were included in SITVIT2 database under 16 new Spoligotype International Types (SITs); of these, 6 SITs (SIT3346, SIT3497, SIT3708, SIT3790, SIT3791, and SIT3800) (n= 32 strains) were created within the present study and 10 were created after a match with an orphan in the database. By using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR-typing on a subset of 110 samples we found a high recent transmission index (RTI) of 33.6%. In conclusion, we present the first unifying framework for both epidemiology and evolutionary analysis ofM. tuberculosisin Iraq.

scholarly journals Obesity-Induced Dysbiosis Exacerbates IFN-γ Production and Pulmonary Inflammation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Sandra Patricia Palma Albornoz ◽  
Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva ◽  
Ana Flávia Gembre ◽  
Rômulo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Mesquita de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Damage ◽  
Ifn Γ

The microbiota of the gut–lung axis affects local and far-reaching immune responses and might also trigger chronic and inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that gut dysbiosis induced by obesity, which coexists in countries with a high tuberculosis burden, aggravates the host susceptibility and the pulmonary damage tolerance. To assess our hypothesis, we used a model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, followed by infection of C57BL/6 mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We showed that obesity increased the susceptibility, the pulmonary inflammation and IFN-γ levels in M. tuberculosis-infected mice. During the comorbidity obesity and tuberculosis, there is an increase of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the lungs, and an increase of Firmicutes and butyrate in the feces. Depletion of gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment in the obese infected mice reduced the frequencies of CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17− cells and IFN-γ levels in the lungs, associated with an increase of Lactobacillus. Our findings reinforce the role of the gut–lung axis in chronic infections and suggest that the gut microbiota modulation may be a potential host-directed therapy as an adjuvant to treat TB in the context of IFN-γ-mediated immunopathology.

scholarly journals The Role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in a Severe HIV Immunocompromised Patient—Case Report

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Florentina Dumitrescu ◽  
Cătălina-Gabriela Pisoschi ◽  
Vlad Pădureanu ◽  
Andreea Cristina Stoian ◽  
Livia Dragonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Antituberculosis Therapy ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive people. We are reporting a case of a 31-year-old HIV-infected patient who was hospitalized in July 2021 for dyspnea, cough with mucopurulent sputum and asthenia. He was confirmed to have Serratia liquefaciens pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. The evolution was unfavorable despite the antibiotic, pathogenic and symptomatic treatment. Because the patient had severe immunosuppression (CD4 count = 37 cell/mm3), we used QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus for the detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The antituberculosis therapy was initiated, which resulted in a significant improvement of the general condition and the patient was discharged with the recommendation to continue antiretroviral therapy, antituberculosis treatment and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole—single tablet daily for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia.

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