scholarly journals Penelusuran Naskah-naskah Ulu-Islam Pusaka Keluarga/Desa di Provinsi Bengkulu Tracing the Ulu-Islamic manuscripts of Family/Village Heirlooms in Bengkulu Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Sarwit Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Local Traditions

Abstract            This study was intended to identify and describe the ulu-Islamic texts stored as village or family heirlooms in the Bengkulu Province. Research based on philology by utilizing the principles of text analysis. The collection of research materials was carried out through surveys in 19 villages, spread in Kaur Regency (2 villages), South Bengkulu Regency (3 villages), Seluma District (10 villages), Lebong District (1 village), Rejang Lebong District (1 village) , North Bengkulu Regency (1 village), and Bengkulu City (1 village). The survey found 74 ulu texts. Of that number, seven texts were identified as ulu-Islam texts, namely 1 manuscript belonging to the Bahud family (BAH-01), 2 manuscripts belonging to the Jalil family (JAL-01 and JAL-02), and 4 manuscripts belonging to the Asrip family (ASR-01 , ASR-02, ASR-03, and ASR-04). The manuscripts are made entirely of striped paper and books. Based on the text content, as well as the codex aspects, it can be stated that in its development, the ulu writing tradition in Bengkulu had taken part in the in the process of production and distribution of Sufism and tarekat texts, until about the end of the first half of the twentieth century. Furthermore, the absence of the phenomenon of text transmission shows that Islamic knowledge in the ulu manuscripts was taken place through the transformation of texts. The text is written based on the author;s knowledge and experience of Sufism and the practice of the tarekat. This phenomenon also shows that the spread of Islam in Bengkulu enters and integrates with local traditions and culture.

The Trans-Asian Pathways of ‘Oriental Products’: Navigating the prohibition of narcotics between Turkey, China, and Japan, 1918–1938

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
DANIEL-JOSEPH MACARTHUR-SEAL
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Medical Market ◽  
Opium Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Historic Significance ◽  
Drug Prohibition

Abstract Patterns of opium production and distribution shifted immensely over the course of the twentieth century, with output falling by three-quarters, almost nine-tenths of which now takes place in Afghanistan. Supporters of drug prohibition trumpet the success of this long-term decline and hail the withdrawal of the four largest opium producers—India, China, Iran, and the Ottoman empire—from the non-medical market, but this seemingly linear trend conceals numerous deviations of historic significance. Among the most notable and little known is Turkey's prolonged resistance to international restrictions on the narcotics trade and the efforts of state and non-state networks to substitute Turkish opium for the diminishing supply of once-dominant Indian exports to a still opium-hungry China in the first half of the twentieth century. This article uses neglected League of Nations and Turkish government sources alongside international newspapers and diplomatic reports to demonstrate the extent of connections forged by state and non-state actors between Turkey and East Asia, expanding on recent research on trans-Asian connections in commerce and political thought.

scholarly journals Poetic grounds of epic formulae

Balcanica ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 51-78
Author(s):  
Lidija Delic
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Hidden Knowledge ◽  
Local Traditions

The study of oral formulae in the twentieth century had several phases. After the initial - very stimulating and influential - research by M. Parry and A. B. Lord, who focused on the technique of composing the poem and the mnemotechnic function of formulae, the focus at first shifted to the concept of performance (J. M. Foley), and then to the mental text (L. Honko), which introduced into research horizons social, ideological, psychological and mental conditions of improvisation, interaction between the singer and the audience, collective and individual factors of memorising, cultural representation, and the like. Although all the abovementioned aspects undoubtedly determine the structure of a specific variant, it should be kept in mind that formulae transcend concrete improvisations and connect different epic zones, different local traditions and different times. The formula precedes verbal improvisation both chronologically and logically. Therefore - before explaining the repeating of formulae by the needs and nature of improvisation (composition-in-performance) or the generating of formulae in specific variants by textualisation of mental text - we must explain the existence of the formula in the first place. This paper seeks to point out the complex system of factors that determine the genesis of formulae. Formulae are regarded as cultural codes, which combine elements from different spheres (the conceptualization of space, time, colour and so on, elements of rituals, customary norms, historical experience, life realities, ethics, etc.). Therefore, their structure is described in terms of hidden knowledge, hidden complexity, frame semantics, the tip of the iceberg, compressed meanings. Meanings ?compressed? in the formulae are upgraded with new ?income? in every new/concrete realisation (i.e. poem) and this is the area where aesthetics rivals poetics.

scholarly journals Content analytics for curriculum review: A learning analytics use case for exploration of learner context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah P. Macfadyen
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Student Writing ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Curriculum Analysis ◽  
Curriculum Review ◽  
Curriculum Renewal ◽  
Text Content ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Curriculum analysis is a core component of curriculum renewal. Traditional approaches to curriculum analysis are manual, slow and subjective, but some studies have suggested that text analysis might usefully be employed for exploration of curriculum. This concise paper outlines a pilot use case of content analytics to support curriculum review and analysis. I have co-opted Quantext – a relatively user-friendly text analysis tool designed to help educators explore student writing – for analysis of the text content of the 17 courses in our online master’s program. Quantext computed descriptive metrics and readability indices for each course and identified top keywords and ngrams per course. Compilation and comparison of these revealed frequent curricular topics and networks of thematic relationships between courses, in ways that both individual educators and curriculum committees can interpret and use for decision-making. Future Quantext features will allow even more sophisticated identification of curricular gaps and redundancies.

Development and validation of the Mental-Physical Verb Norms (MPVN): A Text Analysis Measure of Mental State Attribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Isaac Orr ◽  
michael gilead
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Mental State Attribution ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Normative Ratings ◽  
Development And Validation

Attribution of mental states to self and others, i.e., mentalizing, is central to human life. Current measures are lacking in ability to directly gauge the extent of individuals engage in spontaneous mentalizing. Focusing on natural language use as an expression of inner psychological processes, we developed the Mental-Physical Verb Norms (MPVN). These norms are participant-derived ratings of the extent to which common verbs reflect mental (opposite physical) activities and occurrences, covering ~80% of all verbs appearing within a given English text. Content validity was assessed against existing expert-compiled dictionaries of mental states and cognitive processes, as well as against normative ratings of verb concreteness. Criterion Validity was assessed through natural text analysis of internet comments relating to mental health vs. physical health. Results showcase the unique contribution of the MPVN ratings as a measure of the degree to which individuals adopt the intentional stance in describing targets, by describing both self and others in mental, opposite physical terms. We discuss potential uses for future research across various psychological and neurocognitive disciplines.

scholarly journals High treason. The activity of The Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius in 1930–1935

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
SERGIUSZ ŁUKASIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The City ◽  
Grand Duchy

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to explain the activities of the Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius during the fi rst half of the thirties of the twentieth century. The author’s aim is to show the organisation, theory and practice of this illegal party. Further-more, the intention is to present the activities of Vilnius police towards communist sym-pathizers and activists. Founded in 1923 in Vilnius, the Communist Party of Western Belaruswas a branch of The Communist Party of Poland. This organization like the polish communist party was illegal. Its aim was to combat the Polish state and to perform electioneering for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Although the name of the party could indicate a desire for independence of Belarus, in practice it was for the removal of the north eastern provinces of the Second Republic of Poland to the USSR. CPWB activity had a special dimension in Vilnius. As the region’s largest city and former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnus was home for many nations, religions and cultures. Moreover, Vil-nius was the most important fi eld for communist action. Given the number of inhabitants, industrialized multi-ethnic character, communists had the opportunity to develop wide subversive and conspiratorial work. In addition, the city was the great centre of production and distribution of communist publications, which allowed the spread of propaganda in both its administrative boundaries and in the Vilnius Voivodeship.

In quest of truth: the meaning of message making in Israeli rap

Popular Music ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Dorchin
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
System Approach ◽  
True Self ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article explores the meaning of ‘message’ in rap made in Israel. I suggest that since Israeli rappers perceive rap not just as music but as an instrument for the articulation of one's true self, they invest heavily in the notion of truth, rendering the making-of-a-message a message in its own right. I draw on two different analytical methods to explore the meaning of truth in this context: text analysis, based on a ‘word-system approach’, and ethnography of performance. The analysis of speech strategies exposes the different aspects attached to the idea of truth, and this is complemented by my fieldwork experiences, which illustrate how these aspects and perceptions are being practised during performance. I argue that for Israeli rappers the ideals of message making and ‘keeping things real’ draw simultaneously on the global stylistic capital of hip-hop and on local traditions of straightforward verbal expression.

Tshelantende

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Langenohl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Belgian Congo ◽  
Individual Style

Tshelantende was an artist, tailor, and hunter born before the turn of the twentieth century in Luluaburg, today’s Kananga, and lived until 1950s in Ibanshe in the Kasai region of the Belgian Congo colony. As an artist, Tshelantende was known for his mural paintings depicting scenes of day-to-day colonial life which later on served as references for his oeuvre of watercolour paintings. As an amateur and autodidact in the field of art, Tshelantende was free to choose his subjects and to develop his individual style of visual representation, combining local traditions with appropriations of European imagery in a realistic manner. Visualization served as means to objectify and hence distance oneself from the ongoing process of transformation and at the same time bring attention to certain topics.

Giorgos “Nisyrios” Makrigiannis (1875–1933)

2018 ◽  
pp. 337-339
Author(s):  
Panayotis League
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recording Artist ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Dominant Influence

Giorgos Makrigiannis or Nisyrios (“the Nisyrian”) was the dominant influence on the modern Dodecanese violin style and the musician who largely determined the course that their local traditions have taken over the last century—a course that was largely plotted in the United States. In 1916 Makrigiannis settled in New York. He performed throughout the Greek and Ottoman diasporas in the United States; and he taught an entire generation of Greek American violinists. But Makrigiannis' most lasting impact on Greek music in the twentieth century was as a recording artist.

Mapping Messiness: The Informational Film Archive and Actor-Network Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
Archival Practices

This chapter offers Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a toolkit for analysing the often messy and complex networks and relationships involved in the production and distribution of useful cinema. Stressing that ANT is employed in the book as a way of thinking rather than as an explicit framework, the chapter briefly outlines the key principles of ANT and relates them to documentary and informational filmmaking. In particular, the chapter discusses the potential of ANT for rendering visible or audible the many non-human actors in any instance of filmmaking, and for revealing how facts are constructed in documentary and related genres. The institutions, individuals, networks, technologies and other actors involved in mid-twentieth-century Danish informational filmmaking are then mapped. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of the archive and the researcher in the network of any given film, explaining how contemporary archival practices, especially digital technologies, are creating new dispositifs for historical informational film.

Sura Headings and Subdivisions in Qur'an Manuscripts from Sub-Saharan Africa: Variations and Historical Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-252
Author(s):  
Constant Hamès
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Sahelian Zone

Sura headings, and the information they convey, were formulated well after the Qur'anic revelation itself. Furthermore, they were not determined by authoritative, standardising decisions, as was the case for the Qur'anic text, which has come down to us ne varietur. Given the geographical extension attained by the Islamic world in the course of its history, and in the absence of normalisation due to the disappearance of a centralised power, local variations in sura headings are only to be expected. This is, in effect, the case for Africa. The sampling of Qur'an manuscripts considered here is compared to the standard Egyptian edition of 1923, and reveals differences not only in the titles of the suras but also in the other types of information associated with them, such as indications concerning the place of revelation and the number of verses in each sura. In addition, in some areas, headings are not usually committed to writing, whereas in other local traditions, they may be quite long and contain multiple elements of information. Though these variations may appear to be minor, they are of interest in a comparative perspective, taking into account different zones and eras – especially so if one seeks to discern local identities in the presentation of Qur'an manuscripts. The ones analysed here all come from the Saharo-Sahelian zone: Mauritania (2), Mali (1), Chad (2) and Somalia (1). They are dated to the nineteenth century, with the exception of one early twentieth-century manuscript.

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