scholarly journals The Face of the Banjarbaru City Wetlands in Last Four Decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Syam'ani Syam'ani ◽  
Abdi Fithria ◽  
Eva Prihatiningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Schedule Algorithm ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Face

The change of Banjarbaru city status into the central government of South Kalimantan Province, has the potential to increase the need for land. This directly affects wetlands conversion activities into other forms of land closure. This research aims to map the spatial distribution of wetlands, and the spatial distribution of wetlands conversion existing in Banjarbaru City in every decade over the last four decades, ie from the 1970s to the present. Wetlands spatial data are extracted from multitemporal satellite imagery, Landsat 5 in 1973, Landsat 5 in 1989, Landsat 5 in 1997, Landsat 5 in 2007, and Landsat 8 in 2016. The method used to extract wetlands is Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), with Full Lambda-Schedule algorithm. The research results show that over the past last decades, the total area of Banjarbaru City's wetlands has been reduced continuously. The average total reduction rate is 534.53 hectares per decade or about 53.5 hectares per year, with a linear pattern over the past four decades.

scholarly journals The spatial distribution of sago palm landscape Sentani watershed in Jayapura District, Papua Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
PETRUS ABRAHAM DIMARA ◽  
RIS HADI PURWANTO ◽  
SIGIT SUNARTA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Optimal Distance ◽  
Mediterranean Soil

Abstract. Dimara PA, Purwanto RH, Sunarta S, Wardhana W. 2021. The spatial distribution of sago palm landscape Sentani watershed in Jayapura District, Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3811-3820. Sago palm is one of the starch sources used as local food in Papua, therefore this research aims to identify the supporting environment for the plant to grow by utilizing spatial data. The methods used were Spatial Analysis and Field Survey, where the first employed satellite imagery of Quickbird in 2012 and Landsat 8 in 2020 to distinguish between sago and non-sago palm landscape. In the process, five parameters were used, consisting of covering land elevation, slope gradient, soil type, rainfall as well as the optimal distance from the river and lake. The result showed the sago palm landscape in Sentani Watershed lies in the elevation of 0-450 m asl, while its largest habitat which lies between 0-100 m asl covering an area of 4,385.63 is found in a flat slope covering an area of 2,941.99 ha and in a very steep slope that spreads out over 41.92 ha. Generally, in Sentani Watershed, the plant grows in Mediterranean soil possessing thick solum with pH 5.0-7.0 and medium to great soil erodibility. Moreover, the largest habitat experiences a precipitation rate of 1,750 mm yr-1 covering a total of 6,846.24 ha, while the Doyo River has the largest sago palm landscape compared to other rivers.

scholarly journals Public Expenditure Planning in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Judith Estranna Aitken
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Central System ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Developments

<p>It is argued in this thesis that over the past 15 years planning - and in particular expenditure planning - has had three main functions in New Zealand central government: as a survival mechanism for elites; as a means to cope with the problems and deficiencies of organised knowledge; and as a symbolic act of reassurance in the face of economic and fiscal uncertainty. Expenditure planning is regarded in this work as a learning process. However, the thesis describes historical developments which illustrate that the imperative need to contain and manage conflict inside central government is such that real executive learning is effectively precluded. Dissonance between the political implications of significant information and the rational action that might be dictated by that information inhibits effective communication and control. The cybernetic malfunctioning of the central system arises not so much from political debate over the fiscal issues as from the need of certain elites to retain their pre-eminence in the planning process - most notably, the Treasury and its associated ministers. It is concluded that a less historically-bound system of power-sharing is called for if the executive agents - officials and ministers - are to react more sensitively to adverse fiscal circumstances and prepare more efficiently for future uncertainties than they have in the past.</p>

scholarly journals Public Expenditure Planning in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Judith Estranna Aitken
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Central System ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Developments

<p>It is argued in this thesis that over the past 15 years planning - and in particular expenditure planning - has had three main functions in New Zealand central government: as a survival mechanism for elites; as a means to cope with the problems and deficiencies of organised knowledge; and as a symbolic act of reassurance in the face of economic and fiscal uncertainty. Expenditure planning is regarded in this work as a learning process. However, the thesis describes historical developments which illustrate that the imperative need to contain and manage conflict inside central government is such that real executive learning is effectively precluded. Dissonance between the political implications of significant information and the rational action that might be dictated by that information inhibits effective communication and control. The cybernetic malfunctioning of the central system arises not so much from political debate over the fiscal issues as from the need of certain elites to retain their pre-eminence in the planning process - most notably, the Treasury and its associated ministers. It is concluded that a less historically-bound system of power-sharing is called for if the executive agents - officials and ministers - are to react more sensitively to adverse fiscal circumstances and prepare more efficiently for future uncertainties than they have in the past.</p>

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF LAPAN A3 SATELLITE DATA FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PADDY FIELDS USING OBJECT BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS (OBIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Mukhoriyah Mukhoriyah ◽  
Dony Kushardono
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Visual Classification ◽  
Segmentation Process ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Image Pixels

The role of agriculture is directly related to SDG No.2, which is running a programme until 2030 to reduce national poverty, eradicate hunger by increasing food security and improving nutrition and support sustainable agriculture. Problems faced include the reduction in agricultural land, which results in lower rice production, and the limited information on the monitoring of paddy fields using spatial data. The purpose of this study is to identify paddy fields using LAPAN A3 satellite imagery based on OBIA classification. The data used were from LAPAN A3 multispectral imagery dated 19 June 2017, Landsat 8 imagery dated 17 June 2017, DEM SRTM (BIG), and the Administrative Boundary Map (BIG). The analysis method was segmentation by grouping image pixels, and supervised classification by taking several sample areas based on Random Stratified Sampling. The results will be carried using a confusion matrix. The classification results produced four classes; watery paddy fields, vegetation paddy fields, fallow paddy fields, and non-paddy fields, using of the green, red, and NIR bands for the LAPAN A3 data. From the results of the segmentation process, there remain some oversegmented features in the appearance of the same object. Oversegmentation is due to an inaccurate value assignment to each algorithm parameter when the segmentation process is performed. For example, watery paddy fields appear almost the same as open land (fallow paddy fields), the water object is darker purple. The visual classification results (Landsat 8 data) are considered as the reference for the digital classification results (LAPAN A3). Forty-eight samples were taken and divided into four classes, with each class consisting of 12 samples. The results of the accuracy test show that the total accuracy of the object-based digital classification for visual classification is 62.5% with a Kappa accuracy value of 0.5. The conclusion is that LAPAN A3 data can be used to identify paddy fields based on spectral resolution and to complement Landsat 8 data. To improve the accuracy of the classification results, more samples and the correct RGB composition are needed.

Expansion of borders in the Kurdistan region and local and regional positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah ◽  
Abbas Fadel Atwan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
National State ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Beginning

The borders of Kurdistan represent an important point in Kurdish thought. They represent the hope of establishing their national state. The circumstances of the war on terrorism in Iraq and Syria have led to the emergence of what is known as a "propaganda" and the formation of a global front in its struggle. And with the signs of the collapse of the Syrian state and the weakness of the Iraqi state in the face of the "dashing" in the beginning. These circumstances led to the emergence of the role of the Kurdistan region in the confrontation "ISIS" and maintain the administrative border in the three provinces of Kurdistan in addition to the province of Kirkuk. That the circumstances of the war on terrorism created new international conditions on the Middle East arena, which will generate many problems between the Kurdistan region and the central government of Baghdad, as well as other problems between the region, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The war on terrorism has made countries free to fight the opposition groups under the name Terrorism by their classification. The Turkish side is fighting the PKK within the borders of the Kurdistan region, and this war can develop in a post-"warlike" phase. The war in Syria is also contradictory to vision and not resolved to a specific side and Iran's position on developments is encouraging.

Epilogue: On the Current and Future State of Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Megill
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Conceptual Difficulty ◽  
Universal History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

This epilogue argues that historians ought to be able to produce a universal history, one that would ‘cover’ the past of humankind ‘as a whole’. However, aside from the always increasing difficulty of mastering the factual material that such an undertaking requires, there exists another difficulty: the coherence of universal history always presupposes an initial decision not to write about the human past in all its multiplicity, but to focus on one aspect of that past. Nevertheless, the lure of universal history will persist, even in the face of its practical and conceptual difficulty. Certainly, it is possible to imagine a future ideological convergence among humans that would enable them to accept, as authoritative, one history of humankind.

scholarly journals Pixel- vs. Object-Based Landsat 8 Data Classification in Google Earth Engine Using Random Forest: The Case Study of Maiella National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2299
Author(s):  
Andrea Tassi ◽  
Daniela Gigante ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Luciano Di Martino ◽  
Marco Vizzari
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Google Earth Engine

With the general objective of producing a 2018–2020 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) map of the Maiella National Park (central Italy), useful for a future long-term LULC change analysis, this research aimed to develop a Landsat 8 (L8) data composition and classification process using Google Earth Engine (GEE). In this process, we compared two pixel-based (PB) and two object-based (OB) approaches, assessing the advantages of integrating the textural information in the PB approach. Moreover, we tested the possibility of using the L8 panchromatic band to improve the segmentation step and the object’s textural analysis of the OB approach and produce a 15-m resolution LULC map. After selecting the best time window of the year to compose the base data cube, we applied a cloud-filtering and a topography-correction process on the 32 available L8 surface reflectance images. On this basis, we calculated five spectral indices, some of them on an interannual basis, to account for vegetation seasonality. We added an elevation, an aspect, a slope layer, and the 2018 CORINE Land Cover classification layer to improve the available information. We applied the Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) algorithm to calculate the image’s textural information and, in the OB approaches, the Simple Non-Iterative Clustering (SNIC) algorithm for the image segmentation step. We performed an initial RF optimization process finding the optimal number of decision trees through out-of-bag error analysis. We randomly distributed 1200 ground truth points and used 70% to train the RF classifier and 30% for the validation phase. This subdivision was randomly and recursively redefined to evaluate the performance of the tested approaches more robustly. The OB approaches performed better than the PB ones when using the 15 m L8 panchromatic band, while the addition of textural information did not improve the PB approach. Using the panchromatic band within an OB approach, we produced a detailed, 15-m resolution LULC map of the study area.

Maxillofacial Bony Considerations in Facial Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora G. Vincent ◽  
Anne E. Gunter ◽  
Yadranko Ducic ◽  
Likith Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Facial Transplantation ◽  
Tissue Transfer ◽  
Reconstructive Ladder ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Wounds

AbstractAlloplastic facial transplantation has become a new rung on the proverbial reconstructive ladder for severe facial wounds in the past couple of decades. Since the first transfer including bony components in 2006, numerous facial allotransplantations across many countries have been successfully performed, many incorporating multiple bony elements of the face. There are many unique considerations to facial transplantation of bone, however, beyond the considerations of simple soft tissue transfer. Herein, we review the current literature and considerations specific to bony facial transplantation focusing on the pertinent surgical anatomy, preoperative planning needs, intraoperative harvest and inset considerations, and postoperative protocols.

scholarly journals Deep-Emotion: Facial Expression Recognition Using Attentional Convolutional Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3046
Author(s):  
Shervin Minaee ◽  
Mehdi Minaei ◽  
Amirali Abdolrashidi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Visualization Technique ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
The Face ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Facial expression recognition has been an active area of research over the past few decades, and it is still challenging due to the high intra-class variation. Traditional approaches for this problem rely on hand-crafted features such as SIFT, HOG, and LBP, followed by a classifier trained on a database of images or videos. Most of these works perform reasonably well on datasets of images captured in a controlled condition but fail to perform as well on more challenging datasets with more image variation and partial faces. In recent years, several works proposed an end-to-end framework for facial expression recognition using deep learning models. Despite the better performance of these works, there are still much room for improvement. In this work, we propose a deep learning approach based on attentional convolutional network that is able to focus on important parts of the face and achieves significant improvement over previous models on multiple datasets, including FER-2013, CK+, FERG, and JAFFE. We also use a visualization technique that is able to find important facial regions to detect different emotions based on the classifier’s output. Through experimental results, we show that different emotions are sensitive to different parts of the face.

scholarly journals Mapping Panax Notoginseng Plantations by Using an Integrated Pixel- and Object-Based (IPOB) Approach and ZY-3 Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Yang ◽  
Jinwei Dong ◽  
Weili Kou ◽  
Yuanwei Qin ◽  
Xiangming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Target Class ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Iteration Analysis

Plantations of Panax notoginseng (PN), traditional herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases, are expanding rapidly in China, especially in the Yunnan province of China, due to its increasing demands and prices and causing dramatic environmental concerns. However, existing information on its planting area and spatial distribution are limited. Here, we mapped the PN planting area by using a new integrated pixel- and object-based (IPOB) approach, the Random Forest (RF) classifier, and the high-resolution ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) imagery. We improved the procedures of classification in three aspects: (1) a new spectral index—Normalized Difference PN Index (NDPI)—was proposed, (2) the efficiency and scale of segmentation were optimized by using the Bi-level Scale-sets Model (BSM), and (3) feature variables were selected through an iteration analysis from 99 feature variables (spectral, textural, geometric, and geographic). Compared with the pixel- and the object-based methods, the IPOB has the highest F1 score of 0.98 and also has high robustness in terms of user and producer accuracies (97% and 99%, respectively), following by the object-based method (F1 = 0.94) and the pixel-based method (F1 = 0.93). The high accuracy was expected since the target class has very distinctive spectral and textural characteristics. Although all three approaches showed reasonably high accuracies due to the application of the NDPI and optimized procedures, the result showed the outperformance of the proposed IPOB approach. The framework established in this study expects to apply for regional or national PN surveys extensively. The information on the area and spatial distribution of PN can guide the government on policy making for the planting and exporting of traditional Chinese medicine resources.

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