scholarly journals Public Expenditure Planning in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Judith Estranna Aitken
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Central System ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Developments

<p>It is argued in this thesis that over the past 15 years planning - and in particular expenditure planning - has had three main functions in New Zealand central government: as a survival mechanism for elites; as a means to cope with the problems and deficiencies of organised knowledge; and as a symbolic act of reassurance in the face of economic and fiscal uncertainty. Expenditure planning is regarded in this work as a learning process. However, the thesis describes historical developments which illustrate that the imperative need to contain and manage conflict inside central government is such that real executive learning is effectively precluded. Dissonance between the political implications of significant information and the rational action that might be dictated by that information inhibits effective communication and control. The cybernetic malfunctioning of the central system arises not so much from political debate over the fiscal issues as from the need of certain elites to retain their pre-eminence in the planning process - most notably, the Treasury and its associated ministers. It is concluded that a less historically-bound system of power-sharing is called for if the executive agents - officials and ministers - are to react more sensitively to adverse fiscal circumstances and prepare more efficiently for future uncertainties than they have in the past.</p>

scholarly journals Public Expenditure Planning in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Judith Estranna Aitken
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Central System ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Developments

<p>It is argued in this thesis that over the past 15 years planning - and in particular expenditure planning - has had three main functions in New Zealand central government: as a survival mechanism for elites; as a means to cope with the problems and deficiencies of organised knowledge; and as a symbolic act of reassurance in the face of economic and fiscal uncertainty. Expenditure planning is regarded in this work as a learning process. However, the thesis describes historical developments which illustrate that the imperative need to contain and manage conflict inside central government is such that real executive learning is effectively precluded. Dissonance between the political implications of significant information and the rational action that might be dictated by that information inhibits effective communication and control. The cybernetic malfunctioning of the central system arises not so much from political debate over the fiscal issues as from the need of certain elites to retain their pre-eminence in the planning process - most notably, the Treasury and its associated ministers. It is concluded that a less historically-bound system of power-sharing is called for if the executive agents - officials and ministers - are to react more sensitively to adverse fiscal circumstances and prepare more efficiently for future uncertainties than they have in the past.</p>

scholarly journals The Face of the Banjarbaru City Wetlands in Last Four Decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Syam'ani Syam'ani ◽  
Abdi Fithria ◽  
Eva Prihatiningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Schedule Algorithm ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Face

The change of Banjarbaru city status into the central government of South Kalimantan Province, has the potential to increase the need for land. This directly affects wetlands conversion activities into other forms of land closure. This research aims to map the spatial distribution of wetlands, and the spatial distribution of wetlands conversion existing in Banjarbaru City in every decade over the last four decades, ie from the 1970s to the present. Wetlands spatial data are extracted from multitemporal satellite imagery, Landsat 5 in 1973, Landsat 5 in 1989, Landsat 5 in 1997, Landsat 5 in 2007, and Landsat 8 in 2016. The method used to extract wetlands is Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), with Full Lambda-Schedule algorithm. The research results show that over the past last decades, the total area of Banjarbaru City's wetlands has been reduced continuously. The average total reduction rate is 534.53 hectares per decade or about 53.5 hectares per year, with a linear pattern over the past four decades.

scholarly journals Distribution of Power between the Centre and Provinces in Pakistan under the Constitution of 1973

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Sidra Akram ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Power

Centre-Province relationship and the distribution of power between centre and provinces is a complex and multifaceted sort of administrative and political debate for all around the world including Pakistan. Pakistan is based on federation where power has been divided between the central government and their provinces. Pakistan, which is partitioned into four regions, those are performing overwhelming participation in the organization and armed force. The other three units have demonstrated their discontent over the portion of forces between the government and areas and raised their voice for more independence and political shields. This paper will analyze the concept of a federation which considered appropriate for varied political societies to promote coordination and cooperation in the political, social, administrative, and economic sphere. So that it gives the fragile balance to conflicting demands between the centre and their provinces. This paper will discuss the fact, that the constitution of 1973 provides the suitable structural arrangement in Pakistan for union and its unit, but could not alter the power mechanism of the centre. This paper will discuss the prevailing debate of the centre-province relationship and quantum of power-sharing among them

scholarly journals Muslim Minorities in the West

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 196-198
Author(s):  
Sophie Gilliat-Ray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Muslim Minorities

The Muslim diaspora, which has become established as a significant areaof publishing in the past 2 to 3 decades, is being charted by a number ofbooks and journals. This edited collection is a valuable addition to the literature,although specialists in the field will notice some degree of overlapwith existing sources.The book is divided into three sections exploring the Muslim experiencein America (seven chapters), Europe (three chapters covering France,Germany, and Norway), and areas of European settlement (five chapterscovering Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Caribbean). Thebest way to view this book is to consider it a series of case studies examininghow Muslims in different contexts have moved from being tempo­rary and peripheral individual sojourners to being, within their adoptedsocieties, generally well-established communities that have largely overcometheir internal differences and external structural barriers in order tobe publicly recognized as a part of multicultural and multi faith communitiesand societies. Many of the contributors believe that Muslim minoritiesare growing, dynamic, confident, and demographically "young" in most oftheir new societies, and that wherever they have established themselves,they have sustained their presence and thrived, sometimes in the face ofextreme hostility.This case study character has advantages and disadvantages. On theone hand, this reviewer found it extremely valuable to learn more aboutthe experience of some very specific minority groups, such as Sahelians inFrance, who are usually ignored and overshadowed in the literature by theoverwhelming Algerian-Moroccan presence in France. Likewise, with relativelylittle academic material available on Muslims in New Zealand, forexample, this book fills many of the academic gaps in the literature. Thefirst-hand accounts from previously unpublished sources were similarlyvaluable, and the chapter on establishing the Islamic Party in NorthAmerica constitutes an important documentary record. On the other hand,some chapters went over well-established ground, such as Turks inGermany. Specialists on Muslim minorities will find that some chaptersrepeat already well-known data and profiles oflslam in these contexts ...

An Immigrant Filmmaker Substitutes an Alternative Vision of Adolescence: The Scarecrow (Sam Pillsbury, 1982)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cinematic Adaptation ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Genre Film

By comparing Sam Pillsbury’s cinematic adaptation of Ronald Hugh Morrieson’s The Scarecrow (1963) with the original, this chapter shows how the filmmaker, who was raised in the USA and immigrated to New Zealand in his teens, empties the source novel of the moral ambiguities and transgressive elements that had made the original a genuinely New Zealand work, in so far as it reflected puritan guilt over transgressive impulses in the face of repression, and thus turned the story into a genre film that that is much more anodyne in its vision.

Classical Greek Oligarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Client Relations

This book thoroughly reassesses an important but neglected form of government in ancient Greece, the “rule of the few.” The book challenges scholarly orthodoxy by showing that oligarchy was not the default mode of politics from time immemorial, but instead emerged alongside, and in reaction to, democracy. It establishes how oligarchies maintained power in the face of potential citizen resistance. It argues that oligarchs designed distinctive political institutions—such as intra-oligarchic power sharing, targeted repression, and rewards for informants—to prevent collective action among the majority population while sustaining cooperation within their own ranks. To clarify the workings of oligarchic institutions, the book draws on recent social science research on authoritarianism. Like modern authoritarian regimes, ancient Greek oligarchies had to balance coercion with co-optation in order to keep their subjects disorganized and powerless. The book investigates topics such as control of public space, the manipulation of information, and the establishment of patron–client relations, frequently citing parallels with contemporary nondemocratic regimes. It also traces changes over time in antiquity, revealing the processes through which oligarchy lost the ideological battle with democracy for legitimacy. This book represents a major new development in the study of ancient politics. It fills a longstanding gap in our knowledge of nondemocratic government while greatly improving our understanding of forms of power that continue to affect us today.

Expansion of borders in the Kurdistan region and local and regional positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah ◽  
Abbas Fadel Atwan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
National State ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Beginning

The borders of Kurdistan represent an important point in Kurdish thought. They represent the hope of establishing their national state. The circumstances of the war on terrorism in Iraq and Syria have led to the emergence of what is known as a "propaganda" and the formation of a global front in its struggle. And with the signs of the collapse of the Syrian state and the weakness of the Iraqi state in the face of the "dashing" in the beginning. These circumstances led to the emergence of the role of the Kurdistan region in the confrontation "ISIS" and maintain the administrative border in the three provinces of Kurdistan in addition to the province of Kirkuk. That the circumstances of the war on terrorism created new international conditions on the Middle East arena, which will generate many problems between the Kurdistan region and the central government of Baghdad, as well as other problems between the region, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The war on terrorism has made countries free to fight the opposition groups under the name Terrorism by their classification. The Turkish side is fighting the PKK within the borders of the Kurdistan region, and this war can develop in a post-"warlike" phase. The war in Syria is also contradictory to vision and not resolved to a specific side and Iran's position on developments is encouraging.

An Overview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Morus alba Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Paul ◽  
Monami Rajiung ◽  
Kamaruz Zaman ◽  
Sushil Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Hans Raj Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
White Mulberry

Background: Morus alba Linn. commonly known as white mulberry, belongs to the family Moraceae, is a promising traditional medicine. In Asia, besides its use in the preparation of delicacies, every part of this plant is utilized in traditional medicine. Over the past decade, studies related to identification and isolation of biologically active compounds, with flavonoids as the major class of phytoconstituents, from this plant has been reported. These phytoconstituents are not only found to be beneficial for the maintenance of general health but also are associated with a range of potential pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective to name a few. Objective: This review aims to provide upgraded and comprehensive information regarding the phytochemical, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological profile of the plant Morus alba Linn. Method: The significant information has been collected through various database viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct based on the recent findings, using different terms of Morus alba. Results: The outcome of the study suggests that Morus alba is a multifunctional plant numerous phytochemicals, and possess a range of pharmacological activities. Conclusion: The data assembled on Morus alba will be beneficial to trigger research in various fields of pharmaceutical and allied science to explore the medicinal importance of this unique plant.

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