Predicting and comparing the fire performance of a small-scale composite structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Burak Kaan Cirpici
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Fire Testing ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Reduced Scale

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a strategy for the fire testing of reduced scale structural models which will help engineers design safer structures and reduce the loss from fires. The concept of this work is how composite frame floor arrangements, beam-column connections might be modelled at a small scale suitable for fire testing. Testing full-scale is expensive, besides the testing of scaled model produces reasonable results which help us to understand the failure mechanism and all significant thermo-structural responses involved in a fire. Thermal effects within a structural element generate fire curve, thermal input and structural displacement output, in other words cause and impact. Dimensional analysis, which is a condition for dynamic similarity between prototype and model, can be achieved when all the dimensionless groups are set equal for both model and prototype. On the other hand, scaling rules are used to decide how much insulating material will be used on a structure. 5-storey composite building with composite floors and steel columns has been modelled at small scale with 1/5. The obtained results from various parametric investigations show that the reduced scale model fire test method would be a feasible way to investigate the fire performance of composite structures.

Experimental Study on Cavitation Motion of Underwater Vehicle With Protrusions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Qu ◽  
Ning Gan ◽  
Yingyu Chen ◽  
Nana Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Bubble Generation ◽  
Scale Characteristics ◽  
Motion Characteristics

Abstract For underwater vehicles with protrusions (external structure), the geometric shape of the protrusions is bound to affect the local flow field of the vehicles during the moving process of the vehicles, thus affecting the generation, development and collapse of cavitation around the vehicles. The cavitation may break, fall off and collapse randomly, and other local movements may affect the motion attitude of the underwater vehicle. It is an effective method to study fluid dynamics to simulate prototype cases with small scale models. In this paper, we mainly use the small scale model test method to explore the cavitation motion characteristics of the vehicle in water with protrusions. Through the establishment of a set of vehicle motion test equipment under reduced pressure, a series of experiments were conducted on this basis to explore the motion characteristics of vehicle cavitation under different bump shapes. In this study, two high-speed cameras were used to simultaneously record cavitation generation, development, collapse and other characteristics, to analyze the bubble generation mechanism and scale characteristics caused by the bulge, and then to study the influence of cavitation induced by the bulge on the motion attitude of the vehicle.

scholarly journals Experimental Tests on a Small-Scale Model of a Mine Stope to Study the Behavior of Waste Rock Barricades during Backfilling

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Mutaz Nujaim ◽  
Tikou Belem ◽  
Albert Giraud
Keyword(s):  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Downstream Face ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Reduced Scale ◽  
Small Scale Model

This paper presents a reduced-scale physical model of a mine stope used to reproduce the underground stope backfilling practiced in some Canadian mines. The objective is to study the geomechanical behavior of the waste rock barricades in interaction with the mine backfill. The instrumentations, along with visual observations and preliminary results, are presented. The main results demonstrated that: (i) the stability of the barricade depends on its physical properties (e.g., size, location, particles gradation and compaction) and the frictional behavior at the barricade/drift walls interface, and (ii) for two backfill formulations, cemented and uncemented, prepared with 70% of solid mass concentration, the volumetric strain due to self-weight consolidation of the backfilled room was higher for uncemented backfill (16%) than for the cemented one (4.5%). In addition, the results highlighted the importance of using shotcrete around the downstream face of the barricade, mostly at the top, to close the gaps and bind the barricade particles, which improves its stability.

Experimental Study on Effect of Disc Form on Soil Failure State of Expanded Piles under Horizontal Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Yong Mei Qian ◽  
Yu Chen Song ◽  
Yu Jie Jin ◽  
Thato Molomo Pius Moshoeshoe
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Failure ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Small Scale Model

In this paper, test method of half-section small-scale model with indoor undisturbed soil is used to study the effect of difference disc forms on bearing mechanism of concrete disc piles and soil failure state around piles under horizontal force. The model piles with different disc cross-section forms were designed under the condition of undisturbed soil, and loading test was carried out to analyze soil failure state around the pile. The results show that: under the action of horizontal force, soil around the pile is cracked along the midline; asymmetric bearing disc is more reasonable than symmetrical bearing disc. The minimum load difference between the disc end fillet and the disc tip fillet is less than 5%. The curved end of bearing disc has little effect on the horizontal bearing capacity of concrete expanded disc pile.

Structural Analysis for a Reduced Scale Model of a Hydropower Plant Debris Containment Grid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Santos de Castro ◽  
Eduardo Tadashi Katsuno ◽  
Andre Mitsuo Kogishi ◽  
José Marcos Paz de Souza ◽  
Joao Lucas Dozzi Dantas Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Reduced Scale

RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT EKSPERIMENTASI PROSES PIROLISIS BIOMASA GELOMBANG MIKRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Fachrizal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass such as agriculture waste and urban waste are enormous potency as energy resources instead of enviromental problem. organic waste can be converted into energy in the form of liquid fuel, solid, and syngas by using of pyrolysis technique. Pyrolysis process can yield higher liquid form when the process can be drifted into fast and flash response. It can be solved by using microwave heating method. This research is started from developing an experimentation laboratory apparatus of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass energy conversion system, and conducting preliminary experiments for gaining the proof that this method can be established for driving the process properly and safely. Modifying commercial oven into laboratory apparatus has been done, it works safely, and initial experiments have been carried out, process yields bio-oil and charcoal shortly, several parameters are achieved. Some further experiments are still needed for more detail parameters. Theresults may be used to design small-scale continuous model of productionsystem, which then can be developed into large-scale model that applicable for comercial use.

Validation of mathematical model of electrothermal calculation of DC catenary on the basis of scale model

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Paranin ◽  
A. B. Batrashov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Collection ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Real Physical Process

The article compares the results of calculation of the finite element simulation of current and temperature distribution in the scale model of the DC catenary with the data of laboratory tests. Researches were carried on various versions of the structural design of catenary model, reflecting the topological features of the wire connection, characteristic of the DC contact network. The proportions of the cross-sectional area of the scaled model wires are comparable to each other with the corresponding values for real DC catenary. The article deals with the operating conditions of the catenary model in the modes of transit and current collection. When studying the operation of the scale catenary model in the transit mode, the effect of the structural elements on the current distribution and heating of the wires was obtained. Within the framework of the scale model, theoretical assumptions about the current overload of the supporting cable near the middle anchoring have been confirmed. In the current collection mode, the experimental dependences of the current in the transverse wires of the scale model are obtained from the coordinate of the current collection point. Using the model it was experimentally confirmed that in the section of the contact wire with local wear, not only the temperature rise occurs but also the current redistribution due to the smaller cross section. Thus, the current share in other longitudinal wires of the scale model increases and their temperature rises. Scale and mathematical models are constructed with allowance for laboratory clamps and supporting elements that participate in the removal of heat from the investigated wires. Obtained study results of the scale model allow to draw a conclusion about the adequacy of the mathematical model and its correspondence to the real physical process. These conclusions indicate the possibility of applying mathematical model for calculating real catenary, taking into account the uneven contact wear wire and the armature of the contact network.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Multi-Column Piers under Earthquake Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Jung Han Kim ◽  
Ick-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lap Splice ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Seismic Force

When a seismic force acts on bridges, the pier can be damaged by the horizontal inertia force of the superstructure. To prevent this failure, criteria for seismic reinforcement details have been developed in many design codes. However, in moderate seismicity regions, many existing bridges were constructed without considering seismic detail because the detailed seismic design code was only applied recently. These existing structures should be retrofitted by evaluating their seismic performance. Even if the seismic design criteria are not applied, it cannot be concluded that the structure does not have adequate seismic performance. In particular, the performance of a lap-spliced reinforcement bar at a construction joint applied by past practices cannot be easily evaluated analytically. Therefore, experimental tests on the bridge piers considering a non-seismic detail of existing structures need to be performed to evaluate the seismic performance. For this reason, six small scale specimens according to existing bridge piers were constructed and seismic performances were evaluated experimentally. The three types of reinforcement detail were adjusted, including a lap-splice for construction joints. Quasi-static loading tests were performed for three types of scale model with two-column piers in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. From the test results, the effect on the failure mechanism of the lap-splice and transverse reinforcement ratio were investigated. The difference in failure characteristics according to the loading direction was investigated by the location of plastic hinges. Finally, the seismic capacity related to the displacement ductility factor and the absorbed energy by hysteresis behavior for each test were obtained and discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document