Quantitative anatomical studies of the composition of the pig at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight II. Gross composition and skeletal composition

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuthbertson ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Different Parts

1. Results are presented concerning the gross composition of pig carcasses at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight in ten litters. They show that during the periods under consideration the proportion of muscle in the carcass exceeded that of the other tissues. However, while the rates of growth of muscle and bone were similar the growth rate of fat was markedly greater. The result was that at 92 kg. the proportions of muscle and fat in the carcass were 43·53 and 41·37%, respectively.2. Results are also presented dealing with the relative development of the different parts of the skeleton. Of the five major anatomical regions of the skeleton the sacrum grew relatively fastest between 50 and 68 kg. carcass weight while the cervical vertebrae grew fastest in the second period. In both periods the bones of the thorax and loin grew at rates intermediate between the fastest and slowest growing regions.

scholarly journals Seasonal and year dynamics in the quality characteristics in pig carcasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova ◽  
Penka Marinova ◽  
Tania Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of the characteristics in pig carcasses as affected by the season and year of slaughter. A total of 106 027 carcasses of growing-finishing pigs of commercial production, slaughtered in the same abattoir in 2014 and 2015 were included in the study. The carcasses were classified using UltraFOM 200 device, as the characteristics controlled were back-fat thickness at two locations and the depth of m. Longissimus dorsi. These measurements were used to further determine the lean meat percentage. The results of the study showed significant differences in the dynamics of changes of carcass characteristics during the seasons and the years. The highest lean meat percentage was found in summer (56.48%), followed by spring (56.34%), autumn (56.29%) and winter (56.10%). On the other hand, the pigs slaughtered in winter displayed highest carcass weight and back-fat thickness at both locations.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

A COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF PUREBRED SHORTHORN AND CROSSBRED BEEF STEERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
L. A. Charette ◽  
J. S. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Eye Muscle

The influence of breed of sire on carcass traits was examined by studying data collected on 134 steers produced by mating Shorthorn cows with Shorthorn, Angus, Hereford, and Charolais bulls. The steers were fed out in two groups: one group was slaughtered at 18 to 23 months as they reached a live weight of 900–1000 lb and the other group at approximately 30 months of age. In each group the steers sired by Charolais bulls gained more rapidly, possessed more bone, produced heavier carcass weight, and showed largest eye muscle measurements. There were no appreciable differences among the crosses within the sire groups represented by the British breeds except that Hereford × Shorthorn surpassed Angus × Shorthorn and Shorthorn in growth rate significantly and for a slight superiority in marbling for the Angus compared with the Shorthorn.

THE INFLUENCE OF FEED ENERGY LEVEL ON GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN BULLS OF TWO BREED TYPES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
SARAH BUTSON ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Similar Growth

A serial slaughter experiment is described using 48 yearling bulls: 24 Hereford crossbred (HX) and 24 Beef synthetic (SY). Twelve bulls of each breed type were fed a high-energy, mainly grain diet (Hi) and the other 12 a pelleted alfalfa diet (Lo). The two breed types showed similar growth rate and feed efficiency, yet at constant carcass weight (375.2 kg) the HX were fatter (44.2 vs. 37.2 kg) and had less muscle (110.3 vs. 116.8 kg) in the dissected side than the SY. The Hi diet resulted in greater growth rate (1.46 vs. 1.06 kg/day) and feed efficiency (9.5 vs. 12.7 kg/kg), in both breed types, than the Lo diet and resulted in a greater rate of fat thickness accumulation (P = 0.001). At constant carcass weight (375.2 kg), the Hi diet gave more fat (46.9 vs. 34.5 kg) and less msucle (109.0 vs. 118.0 kg) and bone (24.6 vs. 28.0 kg) in the dissected side than the Lo diet in both breed types. It is concluded that biological type and diet can be manipulated independently to produce optimum carcass grades at various carcass weights. Key words: Fatness, feed energy, growth, carcass, bulls, beef production

Multicompartment analysis of the response of lupin hypocotyl segments to the addition and removal of indolyl-3-acetic acid

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Penny
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allosteric Activation ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Hypocotyl Segments

The typical growth rate curve of the response of lupin hypocotyl to auxin is discussed and explanations suggested for the different parts of the curve. Two alternatives are shown to be able to account for the latent period after auxin addition. One is a linear series of compartments with the transport between compartments similar to allosteric activation in enzyme kinetics and the other alternative is an unmixed compartment (transport delay). Computer simulation is used to test different models to determine whether any model quantitatively predicts the observed results. An example (and variations) of a model is given that predicts much of the experimental results. The model is tested under different conditions such as the addition of different concentrations of auxin, and different times of cycloheximide pretreatment, and on removal from different auxin concentrations. The results of the computer simulations are then compared with experimental results and the model improved to overcome discrepancies. The usefulness of computer simulation in an experimental study is discussed.

Effects of the dietary inclusion of copper sulphate, avoparcin and carbadox/sulphadimidine supplements on the performance of pigs weaned at 25 days

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Rates Of Growth

ABSTRACTTwo experiments, involving 144 and 168 pigs weaned at 22 to 31 days, to investigate the response to inclusion of copper (CuSO4.5H2O), copper plus carbadox/sulphadimidine or copper plus avoparcin supplements in starter and grower diets were made. The carbadox and sulphadimidine levels were 50 and 100 mg/kg diet respectively in both diets. Avoparcin was included at 40 mg/kg in the starter diets and 20 mg/kg in the grower diets. In the first experiment the levels of copper were either 180 or 340 mg/kg in the starter diets and either 90 or 270 mg/kg in the grower diets. In the second experiment the levels were either 20 or 180 mg/kg in the starter diets and either 10 or 180 mg/kg in the grower diets.In the starter period of the first experiment, supplementation with carbadox/sulphadimidine or avoparcin proportionately increased the rate of growth by 0·41 and 0·07 respectively in relation to supplementation with 340 mg copper per kg diet (P < 0·05). Neither supplement improved growth rate in the grower period. In the second experiment there were no significant differences in growth rate. However the rates of growth in both the starter and grower periods were higher in pigs receiving carbadox/sulphadimidine than in those receiving avoparcin, while these in turn grew slightly faster than those receiving copper only.Taking into account the costs of the supplements the inclusion of the carbadox/sulphadimidine supplement produced an economic benefit compared with the other treatments.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Singla ◽  
Mamandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

The growth of agriculture and allied sectors is critical for the Indian economy as about 49 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. During the last decade and so, the agriculture sector has undergone profound changes resulting in sharp deceleration in its growth. The study has attempted to analyze growth and performance of the agriculture sector in India since 1980-81 and tries to comprehend some of the factors responsible for the deceleration in growth. The study has shown that agriculture sector has been able to show tremendous improvement in expansion of area and production of food grain and non-food grain crops. However, there are so many underlying factors responsible for slowdown of the agricultural growth. Some of the factors identified include: Increase in area under non-agriculture uses, excessive dependence on rain fed farming, increase in number of agricultural labourers, reducing size of the operation holdings, over use of agri-inputs, inequity in the distribution of agriculture credit along with sharp deceleration in public gross capital formation in agriculture etc. The study pointed in order to achieve higher growth rate, there is a need to enhance the gross capital formation in agriculture sector particularly on irrigation so that more area can be brought under assured irrigation. Bringing equity in distribution of agricultural credit coupled with judicious and need-based agricultural inputs are some of the other recommendations drawn based upon the study.

A polycentric growth model of gallium arsenide epitaxial layers from the gas phase with simultaneous diffusion, adsorption and chemical reaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2995-3013
Author(s):  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Impact Interaction ◽  
Partial Pressures

For a quantitative description of the epitaxial growth rate of gallium arsenide, two models are proposed including two rate controlling steps, namely the diffusion of components in the gas phase and the surface reaction. In the models considered, the surface reaction involves a reaction triple - or quadruple centre. In both models three mechanisms are considered which differ one from the other by different adsorption - and impact interaction of reacting particles. In every of the six cases, the pertinent rate equations were derived, and the models have been confronted with the experimentally found dependences of the growth rate on partial pressures of components in the feed. The results are discussed with regard to the plausibility of individual mechanisms and of both models, and also with respect to their applicability and the direction of further investigations.

Measurement of growth rates for single crystals and pressed tablets of CuSO4.5 H2O on a rotating disc

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Good Agreement

Measured growth and dissolution rates of single crystals and tablets were used to calculate the overall linear rates of growth and dissolution of CuSO4.5 H2O crystals. The growth rate for the tablet is by 20% higher than that calculated for the single crystal. It has been concluded that this difference is due to a preferred orientation of crystal faces on the tablet surface. Calculated diffusion coefficients and thicknesses of the diffusion and hydrodynamic layers in the vicinity of the growing or dissolving crystal are in good agreement with published values.

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