Determination of Heavy Metals Content (Cadmium and Lead) in Raw Cow’s and Buffalo’s Milk

Total number of 104 canned soft drinks collected from several regions in Turkey were analysed. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals in the drinks commonly consumed in Turkey. Quantitative determination of heavy metals: arsenic, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in all samples was carried out by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry) method. The mean levels (± SE) of arsenic, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead were found to be 0.037 ± 0.002 mg/kg, 0.070 ± 0.009 mg/kg, 0.143 ± 0.012 mg/kg, 0.005 ± 0.0003 mg/kg, and 0.029 ± 0.002 mg/kg, respectively, in soft drinks. Our data revealed that arsenic, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead mean levels found in all soft drinks, collected from several regions in Turkey, were within the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) values.

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Simple apparatus for trace analysis of toxic heavy metals. Determination of cadmium and lead by manual d. c. polarography

Microchimica Acta ◽

10.1007/bf01220267 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 66 (3-4) ◽

pp. 253-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephen A. K. Hsieh ◽

Gerda J. K. Wong ◽

T. S. Ma

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Analysis ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Simple Apparatus ◽

Cadmium And Lead

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Determination of heavy metals in sunflower seeds by atomic absorption spectroscopy based on fractional mineralization

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2018-3-164-169 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 164-169

Author(s):

Yu. A. Demchenko ◽

A. D. Tsikunib

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Test Methods ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Actual Problem ◽

Cadmium And Lead

The actual problem of food chemistry is the contamination of food raw materials and food products with heavy metals. Modern physico-chemical methods for the quantification of heavy metals are highly accurate and allow even trace amounts of elements to be determined, but the complexity of the sample preparation procedure is one of the most time-consuming steps, requiring high costs of reagents and time, especially for analysis of fat-containing samples. In this regard, development of new ways of determination of content of heavy metals in olive raw materials is relevant. Sunflower seeds in which they established the maintenance of toxic elements with use of different ways of sample preparation have acted as an object of a research: dry combustion and a wet mineralization and the developed new way of a fractional mineralization which distinctive features are: preliminary decomposition of test on fatty (oil) and fat-free (oilcake) of fraction with their independent mineralization. Oilcake is exposed to combustion at the maximum temperature 400 ?С for two full cycles, with convertion of the mineralizat in background solution and definition of metals by AAS-ETA method, oil – is dissolved in bipolar solvent in the ratio 1:6:2 from the mass of oil, with the subsequent direct input of mix in an analytical cell of the graphite tubular furnace of an electrothermal atomizer where there is a mineralization and simultaneous atomization of test. The use of fractional mineralization makes it possible to improve the metrological characteristics of the atomic absorption method of sunflower seeds: to increase the average openability of the investigated elements to 90.8%, to reduce the error of convergence (by 4.5%) and the reproducibility (by 4.9%) of the results of the study of cadmium and lead, and also to reduce the total time of sample preparation for 4–6 hours as compared with the test methods.

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The Preparation, Morphological Characterization and Possible Electroanalytical Application of a Hydroxyapatite-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11070772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 772

Author(s):

Ivana Škugor Rončević ◽

Marijo Buzuk ◽

Maša Buljac ◽

Nives Vladislavić

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Stripping Voltammetry ◽

Chemical Conversion ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Selective Absorption ◽

Simple Modification ◽

Cadmium And Lead

By simple modification of a GC electrode with biofunctional material, hydroxyapatite (HAp), an efficient electroanalytical tool, was designed and constructed. Modification of the GC surface includes two steps in synthesis: electrochemical deposition and chemical conversion. The properties, structure, and morphology of a nanosized material formed on a surface and absorbability were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Numerous methods in this work confirmed that the developed method for controlled HAp deposition results in a HAp open structure and uniform morphology, which is capable of the selective absorption of the target species. The main goal of this study was the possibility of using a HAp-modified electrode for the fast screening of copper, cadmium, and lead content in honey and sugar samples. The electrochemical behavior and potential of the electroanalytical determination of heavy metals using the HAp/GC electrode were studied using cyclic voltammetry and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The HAp/GC electrode exhibited great performance in the determination of heavy metals, based on the reduction of target metals, because of the high absorbability of the HAp film and the electroanalytical properties of GC. A linear response between 10 and 1000 μg/L for Cu and Pb and 1 and 100 μg/L for Cd, with an estimated detection limit of 2.0, 10.0, and 0.9 μg/L, respectively, was obtained.

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Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetables Samples from Kericho West Sub-county, Kenya

Chemical Science International Journal ◽

10.9734/csji/2019/v28i230134 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leonard Bett ◽

Ongera Gilbert ◽

Wangila Phanice ◽

Shadrack Mule

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

P Value ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Cadmium And Lead

The present study was carried out to investigated the presence of heavy metals (essential and non- essential); Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn and Cd in soils and vegetables such as Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea Acephala and Amaranthus palmeri. These soils and vegetables were collected randomly from local farms in Kericho West Sub-County. The samples were analysed for heavy metal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPE 9000) to determine the levels of the heavy metals. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals ranged in vegetables:- Manganese (86.33-113.00 mg/kg), Copper (15.67-36.00 mg/kg), Iron (319.33-977.67 mg/kg), Cadmium (10.33-29.00 mg/kg) and Lead (31.67-53.67 mg/kg) as well as in the soils; Mn (172.33-201.00 mg/kg), Cu (1.33-3.33 mg/kg), Fe (63.67-98.00 mg/kg), Cd (3.67-5.33 mg/kg) and Pb (5.00-5.67 mg/kg). The data obtained was analysed by using SPSS version 20.0 for descriptive statistics and one- way ANOVA. From the analysis of heavy metals in vegetables, from Sosiot the concentration of Manganese and copper were significantly different at p-value < 0.05, while Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Manganese were not significantly different at p-value > 0.05; from Kabianga Division, Manganese and Iron were significantly different at p-value < 0.05. Copper, Lead and Cadmium were not significantly different at p-value > 0.05; from Kiptere Division, Manganese, Iron and Copper had no significant difference at p-value < 0.05. Cadmium and lead were significantly different at p-value > 0.05. Manganese had the lowest transfer factor between 0.42 and 1.15. The highest ratios were observed from copper ranging from 15.67 to 36.00 in all vegetables.

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Evaluation of a Reduced Graphene Oxide-Sb Nanoparticles Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cadmium and Lead in Chamomile Tea

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors8030053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Erik W. Nunes ◽

Martin K. L. Silva ◽

Ivana Cesarino

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Sensor ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Detection ◽

Cadmium Ions ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

The Individual ◽

Cadmium And Lead

The development of electroanalytical sensors for heavy metals detection in complex matrices holds great interest. Herein, a sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified with antimony nanoparticles (Sb) was developed for the electrochemical detection of divalent cadmium ions (Cd2+) and lead ions (Pb2+). The simultaneous determination of both metals covered a range of 0.1 to 3.0 µmol L−1, with limits of detection (LOD) of 70.03 and 45.50 nmol L−1 for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. For the individual detection, LOD of 20.50 nmol L−1 (Cd2+) and 2.01 nmol L−1 (Pb2+) were found. The analytical performance of this new sensor in detecting both metals in chamomile tea samples was satisfactorily evaluated.

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Determination of cadmium and lead in milk

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Zhitar ◽

◽

Natalia N. Yasсhenko ◽

Anatoly N. Lyschikov ◽

Elena G. Zinovieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Cadmium And Lead ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

This paper presents the results of quantitative determination of cadmium and lead in milk, the quality of which is regulated by the Federal Law "Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products" No. 88-FL of 12.06.2008, which indicates permissible levels of toxic substances in milk and basic dairy products. Cadmium and lead, as well as their compounds, are highly toxic substances of cumulative action and pose a serious danger to human and animal health, which makes regular monitoring of the content of these heavy metals in food, in particular milk, relevant. Eight samples of milk sold in the territory of the Chuvash Republic were selected as subjects of the study. Among them are six samples from popular shops of Cheboksara (trademarks “Just”, “Fresh tomorrow”, “From Krasuli”) and two samples of raw cow milk of private farms of Yadrin district (village of Grand Sundyr and village of Persirlana). The analysis of the crude, pasteurized and ultra heat-treated milk of various producers on the content of lead and cadmium at their joint presence was carried out by methods of an inversion voltamperometriya (GOST P 51301-99) and atomic and absorbing spectrometry (MU 01-19/47-11-92 “Methodical instructions by atomic and absorbing methods of definition of toxic elements in foodstuff”) and also in accordance with GOST 26932-96 “By raw materials and foodstuff. Lead Determination Methods” and GOST 26933-86 “Raw Materials and Food Products. Cadmium definition methods”. The minimum lead and cadmium content is found in “Just” brand milk samples of 0.0052±0.0016 and 0.0011±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum lead content is found in samples of raw milk of Yadrin district (0.0262±0.0017 mg/kg), and cadmium – in milk of the manufacturer of the trademark “Just” from factory “Semisovsky” (0.0049±0.0007 mg/kg). It has been found that all the samples studied contain a very small amount of heavy metals, which does not exceed the MPC value, which makes it possible to highly assess the quality of milk and dairy products sold in Chuvashia.

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