Risk Tolerance as a Mediator on the Relationship between Customer Equity and Behavioral Loyalty of Securities Investors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Puncharat Borirakcharoenkit ◽  
Sasiwemon Sukhabot ◽  
Idsaratt Rinthaisong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Customer Equity ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
The Relationship

The Risk Tolerance Measure in the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances: New, But Is It Improved?

2021 ◽  
pp. JFCP-19-00022
Author(s):  
Kyoung Tae Kim ◽  
Sherman D. Hanna ◽  
Dongyue Ying
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Stock Ownership ◽  
Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) has included a 4-level risk tolerance measure since 1983. In 2016, the SCF also included an 11-level risk tolerance measure. We compare the two measures, and develop suggestions for using the new measure. While the new measure is seemingly simpler than the old measure, we demonstrate that it does not have a monotonic relationship with owning stock assets, with a pattern similar to the relationship of the old measure to stock ownership. We also identify complex patterns of factors related to different levels of the new measure, for instance education has a negative relationship at one level but positive at another level. Those using the new measure should consider the complex patterns we demonstrate.

scholarly journals Behavioral Loyalty and Attitudinal Loyalty: Malaysian’s Intention on Counterfeit Clothing and Footwear

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Ng Cheng San ◽  
Choy Johnn Yee
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Marketing Intelligence ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The research aim to clarify the relationship of brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral loyalty with the Malaysian purchase intention on pirated clothing and footwear in order to gain better understanding in developing advance countermeasure.Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A quantitative research is used to obtain the first hand information. 380 sets of personally- administrated questionnaires were distributed in Malaysia -Penang’s Batu Ferringhi Night Market. A variety of statistical analysis techniques were used.Findings: The findings suggested brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral have a significant relationship with the purchase intention of counterfeit products. Under the two brand loyalty concepts, the behavioral loyalty had a greater negative association with the consumer intention on counterfeit.  Practical implications: The paper provided in dept knowledge about the consumers motivation on counterfeit products and the information of marketing intelligence strategy-branding which available for the marketers and genuine manufacturers in better eradicate the counterfeit activities.Research Limitations: The paper was primarily focus on the counterfeit clothing and footwear. Although the focus and sample size is adequate and accepted but the generalizability of study may be limited and cannot consider as representative collectively for the whole of Malaysia and other pirated products. Secondly, the quantitative research used had limited the further insight of other unknown variables or factors that do not included. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Financial Risk Tolerance and Family Income on Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education Sector of District Swabi

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Rehan Zeb ◽  
Naveed Hussain Shah ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship

The study examines the effect of family income (FI) and financial risk tolerance (FRT) on entrepreneurial intention in students of Universities of the Higher Education Sector located in district Swabi. This is an explanatory and co relational study carrying a sample size of 330 out of the total of all 501 students from public and private Universities in Swabi. Financial determinants are prominent aspects of the study contributing to entrepreneurial intention. The study has established the relationship between FI and FRT on EI of universities of the Higher Education Sector located in district Swabi. The study is a contribution to the rare work on the relationship between financial determinants and entrepreneurial intention. The study revealed that FI and FRT significantly affect EI, whereas the order of contribution of these determinants on EI are evident their coefficients are FRT and FI.

Brand Love and Brand Hate: Integrating Emotions into Brand-Related Experiences and Loyalty

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150007
Author(s):  
Harpuneet Singh Kohli ◽  
Sujata Khandai ◽  
Renu Yadav ◽  
Sonia Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Fashion Apparel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brand Hate

Branding has always garnered substantial interest among marketers for many years. Brand love and brand hate are two aspects of branding that are drawing a great deal of attention today. Yet, there remains a gap in measuring the effect of brand love and brand hate on the relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty for the fashion apparel sector in India. Data was collected from 250 participants using both online and offline channels. Results imputed from the structural equation modeling show that brand experience is directly related to brand loyalty. In addition, brand love mediates the relationship between brand experience and attitudinal loyalty and for brand hate, ideological incompatibility and symbolic incongruity mediate the relationship between brand experience and attitudinal loyalty, as well as, behavioral loyalty.

Impact of Personality Traits on Risk Tolerance and Investors' Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Sadiq ◽  
Hareem Amna
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This article investigates the relationships between personality traits, risk tolerance, and investment decisions and highlights the importance of personality traits in determining risk tolerance levels and investment decisions. Personality traits are classified according to the Big Five taxonomy: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. Primary data was collected from 330 individual investors from Islamabad. Descriptive analysis of the data was run on SPSS, reliability of the constructs was assessed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), whereas, Structural Equational Modelling (SEM) was used to conduct hypothesis testing through path analysis. As per the results of CFA, the constructs were found to be reliable. Mediation analysis confirmed that risk tolerance partially mediated the relationship between personality traits and investment decisions. This study and results have theoretical and practical implications for the investors, financial planners and managers.

A customer engagement framework for a B2B context

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youmna Mohamed Abdelghany Youssef ◽  
Wesley J. Johnston ◽  
Talaat Asaad AbdelHamid ◽  
Mona Ibrahim Dakrory ◽  
Mohamed Galal Soliman Seddick
Keyword(s):  
Customer Equity ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equity Value ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business To Business

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate conceptually the relationship between the customer’s engagement and equity and to determine whether customer engagement could be positively enhanced by business-to-business (B2B) firms to maximize their customer equity, through examining the role of cognitive, emotional and behavioral engagement. Design/methodology/approach This paper is built on the evolving marketing literature and proposes a comprehensive framework that uses a multidimensional conceptualization for the customer’s engagement and equity constructs; examines the relationships between customer satisfaction, commitment, trust and involvement and customer engagement; and specifies the specific customer engagement dimensions – cognitive, emotional and behavioral – as key mediators of the engagement–equity relationship. Findings This paper indicated that customer engagement is a multidimensional construct with three dimensions: cognitive, emotional or behavior engagement. Customer’s satisfaction, commitment, trust and involvement would be regarded as antecedents to customer engagement, whereas customer equity would be regarded a consequence for customer engagement. In addition, this paper identified three drivers of customer equity – value, brand and relationship equities – based on reviewing the previous studies. Originality/value This paper integrates philosophies from previous marketing studies of customer relationship management and customer engagement and equity into a B2B environment in a more customer-centric approach.

Self-Assessments of Risk Tolerance by Women and Men

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Grable ◽  
Michael J. Roszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship

A convenience sample of 1,741 Internet users completed a 12-item financial risk-tolerance questionnaire. They also rated themselves on their tolerance for financial risk using a 4-point rating scale. The 12-item summated rating score was used to predict the self-rating. The residual between actual and predicted self-rating was compared by sex. The residual for males was positive, indicating that men tended to overestimate their proclivity for taking risks. Conversely, the residual for females was negative, suggesting that women underestimate their tolerance for risk. The relationship held when controlling for other factors linked to risk tolerance, i.e., age, household income, marital status, and education. It was also noted that risk tolerance was overestimated by younger respondents and those with a graduate education.

Stock Market Volatility and Changes in Financial Risk Tolerance During the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed G. Rabbani ◽  
John E. Grable ◽  
Wookjae Heo ◽  
Liana Nobre ◽  
Stephen Kuzniak
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Stock Market Volatility ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Standard And Poor's ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Financial Risk Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the degree to which the financial risk tolerance of individuals was influenced by volatility in the U.S. equities market during the period of the Great Recession. Based on data from a valid and reliable risk tolerance scale and return information for the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 index, there does appear to be some associations between daily market volatility and changes in risk tolerance scores. Changes in risk tolerance scores were also calculated using short- and intermediate-term volatility measures. The relationships do vary, however, with evidence supporting the relationship only 64% of the time. Overall, changes in financial risk tolerance scores were found to be modest. Although not following hypothesized directions at all times, risk tolerance was not influenced by the length of volatility measurements.

International Tourists Service Quality Perception And Behavioral Loyalty Toward Medical Tourism In Bangkok Metropolitan Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurathai Lertwannawit ◽  
Nak Gulid
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation Analysis ◽  
Equation Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This research assesses the relationship between service quality, value, satisfaction, and brand trust on the behavioral loyalty of international tourists acting as medical tourists toward private hospital medical services in the Bangkok Metropolitan area. A quantitative study was performed using 400 international tourists who use medical service from private hospitals in Thailand. Structural equation analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that there are significant positive relationships between service quality and value (H1), satisfaction (H2), and brand trust (H3). Value (H4), satisfaction (H5), and brand trust (H6) have significant positive relationships with behavioral loyalty. Service quality has an indirect effect on behavioral loyalty by having value, satisfaction, and brand trust function as mediators. Finally, nationality has no moderating effect on the relationship between service quality and value (H7), satisfaction (H8), and brand trust (H9).

Exploring the relationship between intentional and behavioral loyalty in the context of e-tailing

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wen Liao ◽  
Yi-Shun Wang ◽  
Ching-Hsuan Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Switching Cost ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Repurchase Intention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Frequency ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand what drives customers’ behavioral loyalty and explore the relationship between intentional and behavioral loyalty in the context of e-tailing. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the theory of reasoned action and the recency-frequency-monetary value model, this study proposes a research model to explore the relationships among satisfaction, switching cost, intentional loyalty (i.e. word of mouth (WOM) and repurchase intention), and behavioral loyalty (i.e. purchase frequency and monetary value). Data collected from 266 respondents in the context of e-tailing are tested against the research model using a partial least squares (PLS) approach. Findings – The results indicate that both satisfaction and switching cost are positively related to intentional loyalty (i.e. WOM and repurchase intention), and that the relationship of satisfaction with intentional loyalty outweighs that of switching cost. Additionally, while repurchase intention significantly associates with purchase frequency and monetary value, a relatively small portion of the variance in both purchase frequency and monetary value are explained. More importantly, WOM is unrelated to both purchase frequency and monetary value. The insignificance of WOM and the low predictability of repurchase intention indicate that the relationship between intentional and behavioral loyalty is weak in e-tailing context. Originality/value – This study provided empirical evidence to support the weak relationship between intentional and behavioral customer loyalty in the context of e-tailing. The findings provide several important theoretical and practical implications for e-tailing customer relationship management.

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