scholarly journals Cognitive Profile Patterns Are Affected by Measurement Precision

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Sorel Cahan ◽  
Hendrik Jurges ◽  
Jenni Hannin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Individual Characteristic ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Tacit Assumption ◽  
Pattern Stability

A necessary, albeit tacit assumption underlying pattern analysis of cognitive profiles is that an examinee’s profile pattern is not affected by the level of precision used in measuring the subtest, index or factor scores. We empirically test the truth of this assumption across various precision levels, such as IQ points (1/15SD), T-scores (0.1SD), scaled scores (1/3SD) and stanines (0.5SD). The results clearly refute the pattern stability assumption. They question the very uniqueness of profile patterns as a stable individual characteristic and challenge their use in both clinical practice and scientific research. Possible solutions are suggested and critically examined.

Clinical Decision-Making for Stroke and Aphasia in the Older Adult

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Spaced Retrieval

Abstract A patient with aphasia that is uncomplicated by other cognitive abilities will usually show a primary impairment of language. The frequency of additional cognitive impairments associated with cerebrovascular disease, multiple (silent or diagnosed) infarcts, or dementia increases with age and can complicate a single focal lesion that produces aphasia. The typical cognitive profiles of vascular dementia or dementia due to cerebrovascular disease may differ from the cognitive profile of patients with Alzheimer's dementia. In order to complete effective treatment selection, clinicians must know the cognitive profile of the patient and choose treatments accordingly. When attention, memory, and executive function are relatively preserved, strategy-based and conversation-based interventions provide the best choices to target personally relevant communication abilities. Examples of treatments in this category include PACE and Response Elaboration Training. When patients with aphasia have co-occurring episodic memory or executive function impairments, treatments that rely less on these abilities should be selected. Examples of treatments that fit these selection criteria include spaced retrieval and errorless learning. Finally, training caregivers in the use of supportive communication strategies is helpful to patients with aphasia, with or without additional cognitive complications.

scholarly journals Organization of a microsurgery laboratory

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ney Aguiar Martins ◽  
Edna Frasson de Souza Montero
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Surgical Research ◽  
Experimental Surgery ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Microsurgical Techniques

Microsurgical techniques have been used in many surgical specialties as well as a broad application in surgical research.. It demands high technical skills and continued training. The microsurgical skills should be first mastered in the lab before to be employed in the clinical practice. The microsurgical lab has a dual role: the training of residents and specialized surgeons and the support for the high qualified scientific research in experimental surgery. Here, it is presented (showed) the organization of a microsurgical lab, including area and equipments, furthermore there is a proposal that school-hospitals that offer microsurgical procedures, should have a microsurgical laboratory.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. RV1-RV5
Author(s):  
Sahrish Tariq ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Preety Gupta ◽  
Aditi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Human Element ◽  
New Knowledge

The educational needs must drive the development of the appropriate technology”. They should not be viewed as toys for enthusiasts. Nevertheless, the human element must never be dismissed. Scientific research will continue to offer exciting technologies and effective treatments. For the profession and the patients, it serves to benefit fully from modern science, new knowledge and technologies must be incorporated into the mainstream of dental education. The technologies of modern science have astonished and intrigued our imagination. Correct diagnosis is the key to a successful clinical practice. In this regard, adequately trained neural networks can be a boon to diagnosticians, especially in conditions having multifactorial etiology.

The cognitive profile of behavioural variant FTD and its similarities with ALS: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Beeldman ◽  
Joost Raaphorst ◽  
Michelle Klein Twennaar ◽  
Rosanne Govaarts ◽  
Yolande A L Pijnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visual Comparison

Approximately 30% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have cognitive impairment and 8%–14% fulfil the criteria for behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD). The cognitive profiles of ALS and bv-FTD have been reported to be comparable, but this has never been systematically investigated. We aimed to determine the cognitive profile of bv-FTD and examine its similarities with that of ALS, to provide evidence for the existence of a cognitive disease continuum encompassing bv-FTD and ALS. We therefore systematically reviewed neuropsychological studies on bv-FTD patients and healthy volunteers. Neuropsychological tests were divided in 10 cognitive domains and effect sizes were calculated for all domains and compared with the cognitive profile of ALS by means of a visual comparison and a Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. We included 120 studies, totalling 2425 bv-FTD patients and 2798 healthy controls. All cognitive domains showed substantial effect sizes, indicating cognitive impairment in bv-FTD patients compared to healthy controls. The cognitive domains with the largest effect sizes were social cognition, verbal memory and fluency (1.77–1.53). The cognitive profiles of bv-FTD and ALS (10 cognitive domains, 1287 patients) showed similarities on visual comparison and a moderate correlation 0.58 (p=0.13). When social cognition, verbal memory, fluency, executive functions, language and visuoperception were considered, i.e. the cognitive profile of ALS, Pearson’s r was 0.73 (p=0.09), which raised to 0.92 (p=0.03), when language was excluded in this systematic analysis of patients with a non-language subtype of FTD. The cognitive profile of bv-FTD consists of deficits in social cognition, verbal memory, fluency and executive functions and shows similarities with the cognitive profile of ALS. These findings support a cognitive continuum encompassing ALS and bv-FTD.

The biopsychosocial model, DSM, and neurobiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

This chapter explores the need for a new approach in psychiatry other than the biopsychosocial (BPS) model, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and neurobiology. Pierre Loebel and Julian Savulescu, in their introduction to this book, laid out an honourable purpose, seeking to make sense of psychiatric conditions holistically. They hoped the BPS model could serve this purpose. The model has done so in part, but also, after half a century of effort, it has failed to do so in the end. The goals are worthy and the seekers of those goals have integrity. But perhaps their intentions will be best served by something else, a successor to the past BPS model, built on a rejection of a false DSM diagnostic system as well as a purely neurobiological approach to research. In the end, what Loebel and his colleagues want to do is to preserve a place for humanism in psychiatry, and to link clinical practice to solid scientific research. These laudable principles can be achieved only by a radical departure from the DSM-based neurobiological conventional wisdom of the present and the past.

Guidelines for contributors

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Sue Millward
Keyword(s):  
British Journal ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Exclusive Right

The editors welcome papers that contribute towards the development and understanding of infection control theory and practice. Manuscripts up to 3,000 words that address issues of infection control clinical practice, scientific research, education and management are encouraged. Short papers of between 1.000 and 2,000 words and correspondence (up to a maximum of 300 words) are also welcomed. The British Journal of Infection Control cannot consider articles submitted elsewhere and their exclusive right to the manuscript should be stated in an accompanying letter. Contributors will be asked to assign copyright to the ICNA.

An Evaluation of the Cun Measurement System of Acupuncture Point Location

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Shik Yin ◽  
Hi-Joon Park ◽  
Jung-Chul Seo ◽  
Sabina Lim ◽  
Hyeong-Gyun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Point Location ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Acupuncture Research ◽  
Asian People

Locating acupuncture points reliably and reproducibly is indispensable for the scientific research of acupuncture and for assuring the best care of patients. Unreliable point location can produce confounding results for acupuncture research and clinical practice. Two traditional methods of point location are currently used, directional (F-cun) and proportional (B-cun) methods, which are collectively called the cun measurement system. Reports have been published on the validity of the cun measurement system in Australian subjects; however, as acupuncture originated in ancient East China, it is possible that anthropometric data may differ in Asian people and other races. Therefore, we measured anthropometric data according to the cun measurement system in contemporary Korean patients. The F-cun measurements were significantly different from the B-cun measurements and varied significantly according to the arbitrarily selected F-cun standard. In addition, we observed further differences of F-cun measurements in the extremities of obese subjects. We concluded that the F-cun method is unreliable and that further research should be conducted to determine a more accurate point-locating method primarily based on the B-cun method.

scholarly journals Cognitive Profile of Paranoid Schizophrenia on LNNB

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Halder ◽  
Akash Kumar Mahato ◽  
Masroor Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
Major Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Functional Areas

Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder characterized by a disruption in affective, cognitive and social domains, which results in compromised ability to adapt to a changing environment and to function adequately in the community. Schizophrenia is often accompanied by gross and progressive impairment in different functional areas of a person. They are mostly seen in the form of – cognitive impairment (executive functions, information processing, attention, learning and memory), psychomotor activity, speech, thought process, perception, and abstraction. These deficits are evident in nearly all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, and their impact on the employment, social relationships and living status of patients is devastating. However, there could be differences among cognitive profiles of different schizophrenia subtypes. Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) is a widely used standardized neuropsychological tool for cognitive assessment. In the present study, 30 male paranoid schizophrenia patients were assessed on the LNNB- Form I to see the profile of cognitive functioning on this tool.

De autistische burn-out

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Spek ◽  
Michelle Kiep ◽  
Carolien Wijker
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Autistic Symptoms

In clinical practice, the term “autistic burnout” is frequently used. Despite this, scientific research in this area is limited. This article is a first exploration of the autistic burnout, based on the scientific literature and clinical experience. The results show that an autistic burnout is characterized by exhaustion, a loss of skills and an increase in autistic symptoms. The disabilities related to autism increase the risk of overload and complicate recovery. It is important to be aware of this often long-lasting state of being overloaded and to adapt treatment to the information processing characteristics that characterize autism.

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