scholarly journals Financiación de los sistemas de transporte público a través de la recuperación de plusvalías. Una visión de desarrollo para la Ciudad de México

2017 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Laura Machorro Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Study Review ◽  
The City

ResumenEste documento pretende mostrar instrumentos que promuevan la financiación para el transporte público y el desarrollo de ciudades orientadas en dicha infraestructura. La investigación se basa en la revisión de la bibliografía existente y casos de estudio.  El objetivo principal es presentar alternativas de financiación a través de la recuperación de plusvalías para transformar la deficiente infraestructura de transporte que sufre la ciudad de México.  A partir de las experiencias recopiladas y la revisión de la evidente correlación entre el aumento del valor de las propiedades y su nivel de accesibilidad se procura mostrar las consideraciones generales en las que la ciudad  puede cambiar su estrategia sobre la movilidad urbana para fomentar la creación y mejora del transporte público. La ciudad de México  presenta retos por su condición de megalópolis en donde el fomento a la inversión y financiamiento de transporte público podrá darle fluidez al movimiento de millones de habitantes que buscan trasladarse dentro de la ciudad.Palabras clave  Recuperación de plusvalías, transporte público, financiaciónAbstractThis document aims to show instruments that promote financing systems for public transport and the cities development oriented through such infrastructure. The research is based on an examination of the existing literature and case study review. The main goal is to present alternatives for financing through value capture to transform poor transport infrastructure in Mexico City. From the experiences collected and the review of the noticeable correlation between increased property values and the level of accessibility of the properties, seeks to show the general considerations in which the city can change its mobility strategy to promote the creation and improving public transport. Mexico City as a megalopolis presents challenges where investment promotion and financing of public transport may give fluency to the movement of millions of people seeking to commute in the city.KeywordsCapital gains, public transport, financing

scholarly journals The Influence of the Duration of Journey Stages on Transport Mode Choice: A Case Study in the City of Tarnow

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5922
Author(s):  
Marek Bauer ◽  
Piotr Kisielewski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Choice ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

In this paper, we present the effect of making too many private car journeys on city transport systems. A sustainable approach for the development of transport infrastructure is needed, which takes into account local conditions and needs, especially for areas with a high density of origins and destinations. The criteria for evaluating public transport and bicycle transport are presented, which, if acceptable to city residents, may lead to changes in transportation behaviors and, thus, a more efficient use of transport in daily travels. Factors affecting the mode of transport choice include the duration of particular stages of a journey, such as reaching the location where the first ride commences/driving from the travel origin, waiting for a vehicle (bus journeys) or ride/drive, and reaching the travel destination of the last ride/drive. Additionally, the possibility of using a car and having a seasonal ticket for public transport were taken into account. In this study, the results of detailed travel research in the Polish city of Tarnow were used. It has been proven that the low share of public transport in daily travels is due, among other things, to excessive time to reach a stop and due to walking to journey destinations, whereas the low share of cycling is mainly due to a lack of comfort and safe cycling infrastructure.

scholarly journals Distributional effects of transport policies on inequalities in access to opportunities in Rio de Janeiro

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique Moreas Pereira ◽  
David Banister ◽  
Tim Schwanen ◽  
Nate Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The City

The evaluation of the social impacts of transport policies is attracting growing attention in recent years. Yet, this literature is still predominately focused on developed countries. The goal of this research is to investigate how investments in public transport networks can reshape social and geographical inequalities in access to opportunities in a developing country, using the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) as a case study. Recent mega-events, including the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, have triggered substantial investment in the city’s transport system. More recently, though, bus services in Rio have been rationalized and reduced as a response to a fiscal crisis and a drop in passenger demand, giving a unique opportunity to look at the distributional effects this cycle of investment and disinvestment have had on peoples’ access to educational and employment opportunities. Based on a before-and-after comparison of Rio’s public transport network, this study uses a spatial regression model and cluster analysis to estimate how accessibility gains vary across different income groups and areas of the city between April 2014 and March 2017. The results show that recent cuts in service levels have offset the potential benefits of newly added public transport infrastructure in Rio. Average access by public transport to jobs and public high-schools decreased approximately 4% and 6% in the period, respectively. Nonetheless, wealthier areas had on average small but statistically significant higher gains in access to schools and job opportunities than poorer areas. These findings suggest that, contrary to the official discourses of transport legacy, recent transport policies in Rio have exacerbated rather than reduced socio-spatial inequalities in access to opportunities. These results also suggest that future research should consider how the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) can influence the equity assessment of transport projects.

Formation of an optimal logistics system based on the analysis of transport infrastructure of the city of Yekaterinburg

Innotrans ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Yuliana E. Zhuzhgova ◽  
◽  
Viktoriya V. Savel’eva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Route Network ◽  
System A ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Abc Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Constant Growth

The main problems of transport infrastructure of cities are the problems of interaction of different types of transport, optimization of route flows, technical backwardness, low capacity, low speed of travel on public transport, low comfort for passengers. Currently, this is complicated by the constant growth of population and the number of cars, which invariably results in the need for optimization of an urban logistics system. A comprehensive solution to the problems presented can be the building of a network of transport hubs as a new stage in the implementation of transport reform. The article analyzes the transport infrastructure of Yekaterinburg. Based on the ABC analysis of passenger traffic, a method has been developed to identify the stopping points of the route network, which can later be transformed into transport hubs. The optimal logistics system of Yekaterinburg has been formed, consisting of three transport and logistics hubs: “Bus terminal”, “Railway station”, “Professors’” (Professorskaya).

scholarly journals Understanding Public Transport Ridership in Developing Countries to Promote Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Case Study of Mexicali, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sánchez-Atondo ◽  
Leonel García ◽  
Julio Calderón-Ramírez ◽  
José Manuel Gutiérrez-Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Mungaray-Moctezuma
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Global South ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
The City

Some small- and medium-sized Global South cities have unsustainable transport systems and no information to plan interventions in addition to having limited resources for data collection. This study proposes a method to understand Public Transport (PT) ridership in cities of these characteristics, based on previous studies and by analysing available indicators related to Manheim’s macro-variables, to identify their influence on the PT ridership. The method was applied in the city of Mexicali, Mexico. The results help to understand the causes of the low PT ridership and have implications for achieving sustainable urban mobility in the city. Findings reveal that mobility planning in Mexicali has been occurring without properly considering activity system related variables, so it is necessary to integrate urban and transport administration. Moreover, to increase PT demand in Mexicali, mobility strategies to discourage the use of private cars are necessary. The proposed method can be applied in other cities of the Global South with characteristics similar to the case study to understand the causes of PT ridership, so these can be considered by the agencies responsible for the planning of the city’s transportation system to promote a sustainable urban mobility.

Environmental and social follow-up costs of traffic in cities: A case study of the city of Augsburg differentiated by means of transport

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Oebel ◽  
Dr. Tobias Gaugler
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> External costs, mobility, environmental costs, social costs, monetarization</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study provides a methodology to evaluate the environmental and social costs, which arise from traffic in the German city of Augsburg. Social costs are driven by air pollutants such as nitric oxides or particulate matter, causing health damages. Environmental follow-up costs are driven by the emission of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, approaches for a successful transformation towards a car-free city are shown.</p> <p><strong>Method: </strong>Based on traffic data from the Augsburg Civil Engineering Office, as well as traffic shares from the German Federal Motor Transport Authority, the average emission factors of vehicles on Augsburg´s streets and, subsequently, the total traffic emissions on municipal roads in the city are quantified. The environmental as well as the social consequences are monetarized using the cost rates by Matthey and Bünger (2019) and van Essen et al. (2019). Social costs are additionally assessed using to the DALY approach. Therefore the DALYs lost due to air pollutants are determined and costs per DALY are calculated using the willingness to pay-approach by Cropper and Khanna (2014) and Spengler (2004) additionally to a method by Daroudi et al. (2019) assessing health care expenditures.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Applying this framework to the case study of Augsburg, results show, that environmental costs of 140.6 Million € arise from traffic in the city per year. These costs are entirely attributable to car traffic (77.7%), truck traffic (19.8%) and motorcycle traffic (1.9%), as public transport in Augsburg is climate neutral. Further, traffic on municipal roads in Augsburg causes a loss of 212.3 DALYs per year, which equals to annual social costs of 27.2 Million €. Cars account for 63.2% of those, trucks for 33.8%, motorcycles for 2.3% and buses for 0.2%, respectively. With a proportion of passenger kilometers of 90.4% from cars, 6.1% from motorcycles and 3.6% from buses, it is evident that cars contribute disproportionately to the environmental and social costs of Augsburg's traffic.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The social and economic follow-up costs of transport in the city of Augsburg are currently not borne by the polluter. Their great amount encourages measures, such as reinforcing the use of bicycles or public transport, eventually facilitating a change towards sustainable traffic in Augsburg.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Cropper, Maureen; Khanna, Shefali (2014): How Should the World Bank Estimate Air Pollution Damages? In Resources for the Future Discussion Paper, pp. 14–30.</p> <p>Daroudi, Rajabali; Faramarzi, Ahmad; Akbari Sari, Ali; Nahvijou, Azin (2019): Cost Per Daly Averted in Low, Middle and High Income Countries: Evidence from Global Burden of Disease Study to Estimate the Cost Effectiveness Thresholds. In SSRN Journal.</p> <p>Matthey, Astrid; Bünger, Björn (2019): Methodenkonvention 3.0 zur Ermittlung von Umweltkosten – Kostensätze. Edited by Umweltbundesamt. Available online at https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/2019-02-11_methodenkonvention-3-0_kostensaetze_korr.pdf, checked on 10/29/2020.</p> <p>Spengler, Hannes (2004): Kompensatorische Lohndifferenziale und der Wert eines statistischen Lebens in Deutschland. In Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung-Journal for Labour Market Research 37 (3), pp. 269–305.</p> <p>van Essen, Huib; van Wijngaarden, Lisanne, Schroten, Arno; Sutter, Daniel; Bieler, Cuno; Maffii, Silvia; Brambilla, Marco et al. (2019): Handbook on the external costs of transport. Edited by CE Delft. Available online at https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/studies/internalisation-handbook-isbn-978-92-79-96917-1.pdf, checked on 10/29/2020.</p>

Rooting a new event in its place: the case of Festa Templária, Tomar, Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermínia Sol ◽  
Marisa P. de Brito ◽  
João Pinto Coelho ◽  
Luís Mota Figueira ◽  
Christopher Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose With fierce competition in capturing tourists, it is crucial that destinations be prepared to adapt and to refresh their event portfolio. The purpose of this paper is to look into the decision-making process that led to the development of a new festival in a middle-sized city, Tomar, in Portugal. Design/methodology/approach This study analyses the creation process of the Knights Templar Festival, in Tomar, a new event focusing on the Templar history of the city. A retrospective outlook on the evolution of the event is given. Primary data were collected via quantitative survey analysis and semi-structured interviews. The theoretical scope is events and placemaking. Findings The strengths and weaknesses of the region influenced the conception and setting up of this particular event. This awareness is important for cities in meeting the challenges and opportunities that event portfolio diversification calls for. Research limitations/implications This paper helps us to understand the motives and challenges in establishing a new event in the city, through the analysis of a single case study of a European middle-sized city. Simultaneously, it is a longitudinal in-depth case of the first editions of a new historically focused event. Practical implications Several practical implications can be derived to the case of Tomar. Overall, it is key that cities align the focus of new events with the city’s identity (as Tomar did). Originality/value This paper presents an in-depth and longitudinal case study, from the moment of the creation of a new event to its fourth edition, mapping the decision-making process, highlighting the learning curve of the decision makers.

scholarly journals Becoming WestConnex – Becoming Sydney: Object-oriented politics, contested storylines and the multi-scalar imaginaries of building a motorway network in Sydney, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110509
Author(s):  
Graham Haughton ◽  
Phil McManus
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sydney Australia

Drawing on and developing literatures on automobilities, vertical urbanisms and the use of storylines to understand mega transport projects, we imagine infrastructure as a shifting assemblage of actors, storylines and material objects and practices. In the case of motorway building, this requires an understanding of how competing storylines about how both the infrastructure itself and the city it is located in are mobilised and politicised across diverse local geographies and multiple scales as the process proceeds. Our case study focuses on WestConnex, a 33 km motorway being built in Sydney, Australia. Similar to other major transport infrastructure projects, WestConnex morphed over time, growing in ambition, budget, complexity, debate and by enrolling new actors.

scholarly journals Is India Financing Urban Transport in the Right Direction?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Transport issues in urban centers are rising at an exponential rate and are characterized by congestion, high motorized vehicles growth, vehicular and noise pollution, road accidents and parking space constraints. Present public transport and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) modes are inefficient and do not cater to the needs of 31.23% of urbanized population in India, which is poised to grow up to 71% by 2031 (MoUD, 2015). Lack of accessibility in public transport and NMT has compelled commuters to opt for private transport modes such as twowheelers and cars, in order to have access to work, education and other leisure activities. The paper aims to assess the finances allocated to urban transport system in the city of Pune under the jurisdiction of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The authors intend to critically review the city budget and its contribution to sustainable modes of urban transport. The key research questions are: - a) whether the budget distributes enough revenue to enhance the efficiency and accessibility of public transport modes and NMT as guided in the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of 2006? b) does the local government continue to invest in temporary urban transport solutions catering to the needs of private modes of transportation? The results further show that PMC’s budget allocation is not favoring sustainable modes of transport as much as it is catering to other urban transport infrastructure and utilities. The paper concludes with recommendation on ways of innovative financing methods to make public transport sustainable and discusses various case studies of best practices followed globally pertaining to sustainable urban transport system.

scholarly journals Is India Financing Urban Transport in the Right Direction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Transport issues in urban centers are rising at an exponential rate and are characterized by congestion, high motorized vehicles growth, vehicular and noise pollution, road accidents and parking space constraints. Present public transport and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) modes are inefficient and do not cater to the needs of 31.23% of urbanized population in India, which is poised to grow up to 71% by 2031 (MoUD, 2015). Lack of accessibility in public transport and NMT has compelled commuters to opt for private transport modes such as two-wheelers and cars, in order to have access to work, education and other leisure activities. The paper aims to assess the finances allocated to urban transport system in the city of Pune under the jurisdiction of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The authors intend to critically review the city budget and its contribution to sustainable modes of urban transport. The key research questions are: - a) whether the budget distributes enough revenue to enhance the efficiency and accessibility of public transport modes and NMT as guided in the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of 2006? b) does the local government continue to invest in temporary urban transport solutions catering to the needs of private modes of transportation? The research is based on secondary budget data of the year 2016-17 and the data so collected, has been analyzed on various financial parameters. The results show that PMC’s budget allocation is not favoring sustainable modes of transport as much as it is catering to other urban transport infrastructure and utilities. The study thereby suggests sufficient allocation of the city’s budget towards the creation of sustainable transportation. Lastly, the paper concludes with recommendation on ways of innovative financing methods to make public transport, sustainable and discusses various case studies of best practices followed globally pertaining to sustainable urban transport system.

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